Andrey Gavrilov |

Andrei Gavrilov

Andrei Vladimirovich Gavrilov yug rau lub Cuaj Hli 21, 1955 hauv Moscow. Nws txiv yog ib tug kws kos duab nto moo; niam - ib tug pianist, uas kawm ib zaug nrog GG Neuhaus. Gavrilov hais tias "Kuv tau qhia suab paj nruag txij thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4 xyoos. "Tab sis feem ntau, raws li kuv nco qab, thaum kuv tseem yau nws tau nthuav ntau dua rau kuv kom mess nrog xaum thiab xim. Tsis yog nws paradoxical: Kuv npau suav los ua ib tug neeg pleev kob, kuv tus tij laug - ib tug tshuab raj. Thiab nws tig tawm tsuas yog qhov opposite ”…

Txij li thaum xyoo 1960, Gavrilov tau kawm hauv Central Music School. Txij no mus thiab tau ntau xyoo, TE Kestner (uas tau kawm N. Petrov thiab lwm tus neeg pianist nto moo) los ua nws tus kws qhia ntawv hauv nws qhov tshwj xeeb. "Thaum ntawd, tom tsev kawm ntawv, kev hlub tiag tiag rau piano tuaj rau kuv," Gavrilov tseem nco qab. "Tatyana Evgenievna, kws ntaus suab paj nruag uas tsis tshua muaj txuj ci thiab kev paub dhau los, tau qhia kuv txog kev qhia kev kawm nruj me ntsis. Hauv nws chav kawm, nws ib txwm tau mob siab rau kev tsim cov kws tshaj lij thiab kev txawj ntse hauv pianists yav tom ntej. Rau kuv, xws li rau lwm tus, nws tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev. Yog tias kuv tsis muaj teeb meem loj nrog "txoj cai" tom qab, ua tsaug, ua ntej tshaj, rau kuv tus kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Kuv nco qab tias Tatyana Evgenievna tau ua ntau yam los txhawb kuv txoj kev hlub rau cov suab paj nruag Bach thiab lwm tus tswv qub qub; qhov no kuj tsis mus unnoticed. Thiab yuav ua li cas txawj ntse thiab meej Tatyana Evgenievna sau cov kev kawm thiab pedagogical repertoire! Txhua txoj haujlwm hauv cov haujlwm uas tau xaiv los ntawm nws tau ua tib yam, yuav luag tsuas yog ib qho uas yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau theem no rau kev txhim kho nws cov tub ntxhais kawm ... "

Nyob rau qib 9 ntawm Central Music School, Gavrilov ua nws thawj qhov kev ncig xyuas txawv teb chaws, ua yeeb yam hauv Yugoslavia ntawm kev ua koob tsheej nco txog Belgrade lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag "Stankovic". Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nws raug caw mus koom nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm symphony yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Gorky Philharmonic; Nws ua si Tchaikovsky Thawj Piano Concerto hauv Gorky thiab, txiav txim los ntawm cov lus tim khawv tseem muaj sia nyob, ua tiav zoo.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1973, Gavrilov tau ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Moscow State Conservatory. Nws tus cob qhia tshiab yog xibfwb LN Naumov. Gavrilov hais tias "Lev Nikolayevich tus qauv qhia tau ua ntau txoj hauv kev uas kuv tau siv rau hauv chav kawm Tatyana Evgenievna," Gavrilov hais. "Tom qab kev nruj, kev sib npaug, qee zaum, tej zaum qee qhov txwv kev ua yeeb yam. Tau kawg, qhov no ua rau kuv nyiam heev ... ”Lub sijhawm no, cov duab muaj tswv yim ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam tau tsim ntau heev. Thiab, raws li nws feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, nrog rau undeniable, kom pom tseeb qhov zoo, qee lub sij hawm debatable, disproportions, kuj muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov kev ua si - dab tsi yog feem ntau hu ua "cov nqi loj hlob". Qee zaum hauv Gavrilov tus neeg ua yeeb yam, "kev ua phem ntawm kev npau taws" tshwm sim - raws li nws tus kheej tom qab txhais cov cuab yeej no ntawm nws; Qee lub sij hawm, cov lus tseem ceeb tau hais rau nws txog qhov kev nthuav tawm ntawm nws txoj kev ua suab paj nruag, kev xav liab qab ntau dhau, kev ua yeeb yam ntawm theem siab heev. Rau tag nrho cov ntawd, txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj leej twg ntawm nws "tus neeg tawm tsam" tsis lees paub tias nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo. captivate, mob mloog cov neeg tuaj saib - tab sis tsis yog qhov no yog thawj thiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev txawj ntse?

Xyoo 1974, cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog 18 xyoo tau koom rau hauv kev sib tw thib tsib International Tchaikovsky. Thiab nws ua tiav qhov tseem ceeb, ua tau zoo tiag tiag - thawj qhov khoom plig. Ntawm ntau cov lus teb rau qhov kev tshwm sim no, nws yog qhov nthuav qhia cov lus ntawm EV Malinin. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tus thawj coj ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm piano kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, Malinin paub Gavrilov zoo kawg nkaus - nws cov pluses thiab minuses, siv thiab tsis siv cov peev txheej muaj tswv yim. Nws tau sau tias, “Kuv muaj kev khuv leej zoo heev,” nws sau hais tias, “Kuv kho tus tub hluas no, feem ntau vim nws txawj ntse heev. Txaus siab rau tus kheej, qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm nws qhov kev ua si tau txhawb nqa los ntawm thawj chav kawm txuj ci. Kom meej meej, tsis muaj kev nyuaj rau nws. Tam sim no nws ntsib lwm txoj haujlwm - kom kawm tswj nws tus kheej. Yog tias nws ua tiav hauv txoj haujlwm no (thiab kuv vam tias lub sijhawm nws yuav), ces nws txoj kev cia siab zoo li ci ntsa iab rau kuv. Hais txog qhov ntsuas ntawm nws lub peev xwm - ob qho tib si suab paj nruag thiab pianistic, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib co zoo warmth, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws tus cwj pwm mus rau lub twj paj nruag (kom deb li deb tsuas yog rau lub suab ntawm lub piano), nws muaj laj thawj mus ntxiv sawv. ntawm ib tug par nrog peb cov neeg ua yeeb yam loj tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, tau kawg, nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov khoom plig ntawm thawj qhov khoom plig rau nws yog rau qee yam ua ntej, saib mus rau yav tom ntej. (Ntawm pianists. S. 123.).

Ib zaug tom qab kev sib tw yeej nyob rau theem loj, Gavrilov tam sim ntawd pom nws tus kheej raug ntes los ntawm kev mob siab rau ntawm lub neej philharmonic. Qhov no muab ntau rau ib tug hluas ua yeeb yam. Kev paub txog kev cai lij choj ntawm kev tshaj lij scene, kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm nyob ncig xyuas, ua ntej. Ntau yam repertoire, tam sim no systematically replenished los ntawm nws (ntxiv rau qhov no yuav tau tham tom qab), thib ob. Muaj, thaum kawg, ib feem peb: qhov chaw dav uas tuaj rau nws ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws; nws ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, tseem ceeb Western European tshuaj xyuas mob siab rau cov lus teb rau nws clavirabends hauv xovxwm

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, theem tsis tsuas yog muab, tab sis kuj yuav siv sij hawm tam sim ntawd; Gavrilov, zoo li nws lwm cov npoj yaig, sai sai no yuav ntseeg qhov tseeb. “Lub sijhawm dhau los, kuv tab tom pib xav tias kev mus ncig ntev ua rau kuv qaug zog. Nws tshwm sim tias koj yuav tsum tau ua txog nees nkaum, lossis txawm nees nkaum tsib zaug hauv ib hlis (tsis suav cov ntaub ntawv) - qhov no nyuaj heev. Ntxiv mus, kuv tsis tuaj yeem ua si puv sijhawm; txhua lub sij hawm, raws li lawv hais, kuv muab tag nrho kuv qhov zoo tshaj plaws yam tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev… Thiab tom qab ntawd, tau kawg, ib yam dab tsi zoo li qhov tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim. Tam sim no kuv tab tom sim txwv kuv cov kev ncig xyuas. Muaj tseeb, nws tsis yooj yim. Rau ntau yam laj thawj. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, tej zaum vim kuv, txawm tias txhua yam, yeej nyiam concerts. Rau kuv, qhov no yog kev zoo siab uas tsis tuaj yeem piv nrog lwm yam ... ”

Saib rov qab los ntawm kev muaj tswv yim biography Gavrilov nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws muaj hmoo tiag tiag nyob rau hauv ib tug hwm. Tsis nrog kev sib tw khoom plig - tsis tham txog nws; ntawm kev sib tw ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj, txoj hmoo yeej ib txwm nyiam ib tug neeg, tsis yog ib tug neeg; qhov no yog paub zoo thiab kev cai. Gavrilov muaj hmoo nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev: txoj hmoo tau muab nws lub rooj sib tham nrog Svyatoslav Teofilovich Richter. Thiab tsis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib los yog ob random, fleeting hnub, raws li nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg. Nws thiaj li tshwm sim tias Richter pom cov tub ntxhais suab paj nruag, coj nws los ze zog rau nws, tau mob siab rau los ntawm Gavrilov lub peev xwm, thiab tau koom nrog hauv nws.

Gavrilov nws tus kheej hu lub tswv yim rapprochement nrog Richter "ib theem tseem ceeb" nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. "Kuv xav txog Svyatoslav Teofilovich kuv tus Xib Fwb thib peb. Txawm hais tias, nruj me ntsis hais lus, nws yeej tsis tau qhia kuv ib yam dab tsi - hauv kev txhais lus ntawm lo lus no. Feem ntau nws tshwm sim tias nws tsuas zaum ntawm lub piano thiab pib ua si: Kuv, nyob ze, saib tag nrho kuv ob lub qhov muag, mloog, xav txog, nco - nws nyuaj rau xav txog lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo tshaj plaws rau tus neeg ua yeeb yam. Thiab ntau npaum li cas kev sib tham nrog Richter muab rau kuv txog kev pleev xim, xinesmas lossis suab paj nruag, hais txog tib neeg thiab lub neej ... Kuv feem ntau tau txais qhov kev xav tias nyob ze Svyatoslav Teofilovich koj pom koj tus kheej hauv qee yam ntawm "magnetic field" mysterious. Puas yog koj them nrog cov tswv yim tam sim no, lossis ib yam dab tsi. Thiab thaum tom qab ntawd koj zaum ntawm qhov ntsuas, koj pib ua si nrog kev tshoov siab tshwj xeeb. "

Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem nco qab tias thaum lub sijhawm Olympics-80, Muscovites thiab cov qhua ntawm lub nroog tau muaj sijhawm los ua pov thawj qhov xwm txheej txawv txawv hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv lub picturesque tsev cia puav pheej "Arkhangelskoye", tsis deb ntawm Moscow, Richter thiab Gavrilov muab ib lub voj voog ntawm plaub concerts, nyob rau hauv uas 16 Handel's harpsichord suites (tam rau piano) tau ua. Thaum Richter zaum ntawm lub piano, Gavrilov muab cov ntawv sau rau nws: nws yog qhov tig ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam - tus tswv zoo nkauj "pab" nws. Rau lo lus nug - ua li cas lub tswv yim ntawm lub voj voog tuaj txog? Richter teb tias: “Kuv tsis tau ua si Handel thiab yog li ntawd txiav txim siab tias nws yuav txaus siab kawm nws. Thiab Andrew kuj pab tau. Yog li peb ua txhua qhov suites ” (Zemel I. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev cob qhia tiag tiag // Sov. music. 1981. No 1. P. 82.). Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov pianists tsis tau tsuas yog ib qho zoo rau pej xeem resonance, uas yog yooj yim piav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no; nrog lawv nrog kev vam meej. "… Gavrilov," lub suab paj nruag xovxwm tau sau tseg tias, "ua si tau tsim nyog thiab ua kom ntseeg tau tias nws tsis tau muab qhov laj thawj me ntsis rau kev ua xyem xyav txog qhov raug cai ntawm ob lub tswv yim ntawm uXNUMXbuXNUMXb lub voj voog, thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom lag luam tshiab " (Ib.).

Yog tias koj saib lwm cov kev pabcuam ntawm Gavrilov, hnub no koj tuaj yeem pom cov kws sau ntawv sib txawv hauv lawv. Nws feem ntau tig mus rau suab paj nruag thaum ub, txoj kev hlub uas tau muab tso rau hauv nws los ntawm TE Kestner. Yog li, Gavrilov's themed yav tsaus ntuj mob siab rau Bach's clavier concertos tsis mus unnoticed (tus pianist tau nrog ib tug chamber pawg ua los ntawm Yuri Nikolaevsky). Nws txaus siab ua si Mozart (Sonata hauv Ib qho loj), Beethoven (Sonata hauv C-sharp me, "Moonlight"). Tus kws kos duab romantic repertoire zoo li zoo nkauj: Schumann (Carnival, Npauj Npaim, Carnival ntawm Vienna), Chopin (24 kev tshawb fawb), Liszt (Campanella) thiab ntau ntxiv. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no, tej zaum, nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj rau nws qhia nws tus kheej, hais tias nws artistic "Kuv": lub zoo kawg li, ci ntsa iab virtuosity ntawm romantic warehouse yeej ib txwm nyob ze rau nws raws li ib tug ua yeeb yam. Gavrilov kuj muaj ntau qhov kev ua tiav hauv Lavxias, Soviet thiab Western European suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Peb tuaj yeem sau npe rau hauv qhov kev sib txuas no nws txhais lus ntawm Balakirev's Islamey, Variations hauv F loj thiab Tchaikovsky's Concerto hauv B tiaj tus me, Scriabin's Yimth Sonata, Rachmaninoff's Third Concerto, Delusion, pieces ntawm Romeo thiab Juliet voj voog thiab Prokofiev's Yimth Sonata, Concerto rau sab laug tes thiab "Hmo ntuj Gaspard" los ntawm Ravel, plaub daim los ntawm Berg rau clarinet thiab piano (ua ke nrog clarinetist A. Kamyshev), suab ua haujlwm los ntawm Britten (nrog tus hu nkauj A. Ablaberdiyeva). Gavrilov hais tias nws tau ua nws txoj cai los ua kom nws cov repertoire txhua xyoo nrog plaub qhov kev pab cuam tshiab - solo, symphonic, chamber-instrumental.

Yog hais tias nws tsis deviate los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nws muaj tswv yim cuab tam yuav tig mus ua ib tug tiag tiag tus naj npawb ntawm ntau haiv neeg tej hauj lwm.

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Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-XNUMXs, Gavrilov ua feem ntau txawv teb chaws rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm. Tom qab ntawd nws rov tshwm sim nyob rau theem kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm Moscow, Leningrad thiab lwm lub nroog ntawm lub tebchaws. Cov neeg nyiam suab paj nruag tau txais lub sijhawm los ntsib nws thiab txaus siab rau qhov hu ua "tshiab saib" - tom qab lub sijhawm - nws ua si. Cov pianist kev ua yeeb yam nyiam cov neeg thuam thiab raug rau ntau lossis tsawg dua kev tshuaj xyuas hauv xovxwm. Kev tshuaj xyuas uas tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm no ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm Suab paj nruag lub neej yog qhov qhia tau - nws ua raws Gavrilov's clavirabend, qhov chaw ua haujlwm los ntawm Schumann, Schubert thiab qee tus neeg sau nkauj tau ua. "Qhov sib txawv ntawm ib lub concerto" - qhov no yog li cas nws tus sau npe qhov kev tshuaj xyuas. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom hnov ​​​​hauv nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau Gavrilov qhov kev ua si, tus cwj pwm ntawm nws thiab nws daim duab, uas feem ntau niaj hnub no rau cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Tus kws tshuaj xyuas feem ntau zoo ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tus pianist. Txawm li cas los xij, nws hais tias, "qhov kev xav ntawm clavirabend tseem tsis meej." Rau, "nrog rau kev tshwm sim suab paj nruag tiag tiag uas coj peb mus rau qhov dawb huv ntawm cov suab paj nruag dawb huv, muaj lub sijhawm ntawm no uas muaj ntau" sab nraud ", uas tsis muaj kev kos duab tob." Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev tshuaj xyuas taw qhia, "lub peev xwm los xav txog qhov tseeb," ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov kev piav qhia tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom, vim li ntawd, "nyob deb ntawm tag nrho cov subtleties ... tau hnov ​​thiab" mloog ” raws li lub suab paj nruag xav tau ... qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau ploj mus, tseem tsis tau pom dua " (Kolesnikov N. Contrasts of one concert // Musical life. 1987. Tsis muaj 19. P. 8.).

Tib qhov kev xav tsis zoo thiab tsis sib haum xeeb tau tshwm sim los ntawm Gavrilov qhov kev txhais ntawm Tchaikovsky lub npe nrov B tiaj tus me concerto (thib ob ib nrab ntawm XNUMXs). Ntau ntawm no undoubtedly ua tiav lub pianist. Qhov pomposity ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, lub suab zoo kawg nkaus "Empire", lub convexly piav qhia "ze-ups" - tag nrho cov no ua rau lub ntsej muag ci ntsa iab. (Thiab dab tsi yog kiv taub hau octave cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv thawj thiab thib peb qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj tsim nyog, uas plunged lub feem ntau impressionable ib feem ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib mus rau hauv kev zoo siab!) Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Gavrilov ua si, hais ncaj ncees, tsis muaj undisguised virtuoso bravado, thiab " self-show”, thiab pom kev txhaum nyob rau hauv ib feem saj thiab ntsuas.

Kuv nco qab qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm Gavrilov, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Great Hall ntawm lub Conservatory nyob rau hauv 1968 (Chopin, Rachmaninov, Bach, Scarlatti). Kuv nco qab, ntxiv, tus pianist kev sib koom ua ke nrog London Orchestra ua los ntawm V. Ashkenazy (1989, Rachmaninov's Second Concerto). Thiab dua txhua yam yog tib yam. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag sib sib zog nqus yog sib cuam tshuam nrog kev ncaj ncees eccentricity, tunes, hnyav thiab nrov bravado. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov kev xav ntawm kev kos duab uas tsis ua raws li cov ntiv tes khiav nrawm…

… Gavrilov tus neeg ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam muaj ntau tus neeg nyiam heev. Lawv yooj yim to taub. Leej twg yuav cam, lub suab paj nruag ntawm no yog heev tsawg: zoo heev intuition; muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog, hluas siab nyiam thiab ncaj qha teb rau qhov zoo nkauj hauv suab paj nruag, tsis siv sijhawm thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam hnyav. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, captivating artistry. Gavrilov, raws li cov pej xeem pom nws, muaj kev ntseeg siab rau nws tus kheej - qhov no yog ib qho ntxiv. Nws muaj ib tug qhib, sociable theem ua cim, ib tug "qhib" txuj ci yog lwm ntxiv. Thaum kawg, nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nws tau so nyob rau hauv theem, tuav nws tus kheej ywj siab thiab tsis muaj kev txwv (qee zaum, tej zaum txawm tias dawb thiab tsis muaj kev txwv ...). Txhawm rau kom nyiam los ntawm cov neeg mloog - cov neeg tuaj saib coob - qhov no ntau dua li txaus.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kuv xav cia siab tias tus kws kos duab cov txuj ci yuav ci ntsa iab nrog cov ntsej muag tshiab dhau sijhawm. Tias ib tug zoo sab hauv qhov tob, hnyav, puas siab puas ntsws qhov hnyav ntawm kev txhais lus yuav tuaj rau nws. Tias technicalism yuav ua kom zoo nkauj thiab ua kom zoo dua qub, kev coj noj coj ua yuav ua kom pom ntau dua, cov cwj pwm hauv theem yuav zoo dua thiab nruj dua. Thiab hais tias, thaum tseem tshuav nws tus kheej, Gavrilov, raws li ib tug artist, yuav tsis nyob twj ywm unchanged - tag kis nws yuav nyob rau hauv ib yam dab tsi txawv tshaj li niaj hnub no.

Rau qhov no yog cov cuab yeej ntawm txhua tus neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb - txav mus deb ntawm nws "hnub no", los ntawm qhov tau pom, ua tiav, sim - txav mus rau qhov tsis paub thiab tsis pom ...

G. Tsypin, 1990