Alexander Lvovich Gurilyov |
Alexander Gurilyov
A. Guriev nkag mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag raws li tus sau ntawm zoo nkauj lyrical romances. Nws yog tus tub ntawm ib zaug nto moo composer L. Gurilev, serf musician Count V. Orlov. Kuv txiv tau coj tus suav lub serf orchestra hauv nws thaj av Otrada ze Moscow, thiab qhia ntawm cov poj niam cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv Moscow. Nws tau tso lub suab paj nruag keeb kwm yav dhau los: cov suab paj nruag rau pianoforte, uas tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Lavxias teb sab piano kos duab, thiab cov nkauj dawb ceev rau kev hu nkauj cappella.
Alexander Lvovich yug nyob rau hauv Moscow. Txij thaum nws muaj rau xyoo, nws pib kawm suab paj nruag raws li nws txiv txoj kev coj. Tom qab ntawd nws kawm nrog cov kws qhia ntawv zoo tshaj plaws hauv Moscow - J. Field thiab I. Genishta, uas qhia piano thiab suab paj nruag txoj kev xav hauv tsev neeg Orlov. Txij li thaum tseem hluas, Gurilev ntaus nkauj violin thiab viola nyob rau hauv suav lub orchestra, thiab tom qab ntawd los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub quartet ntawm tus naas ej music lover, Prince N. Golitsyn. Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm yav tom ntej composer dhau los nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj ntawm manor serf lub neej. Nyob rau hauv 1831, tom qab kev tuag ntawm cov suav, tsev neeg Gurilev tau txais kev ywj pheej thiab, tau muab rau cov chav kawm ntawm craftsmen-petty-bourgeois, nyob rau hauv Moscow.
Txij thaum ntawd los, A. Gurilev qhov kev ua haujlwm hnyav tau pib, uas tau ua ke nrog kev ua yeeb yam hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Tsis ntev nws cov ntawv sau - feem ntau cov suab nrov - ua nrov ntawm cov ntu dav tshaj plaws ntawm cov pej xeem hauv nroog. Ntau yam ntawm nws txoj kev sib hlub "mus rau cov neeg", ua tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm ntau tus neeg nyiam ua si, tab sis kuj los ntawm gypsy choirs. Gurilev tau txais koob meej raws li tus kws qhia piano tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj koob meej tsis tau cawm tus neeg sau los ntawm kev xav tau lim hiam uas tsim txom nws thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov nyiaj khwv tau los, nws raug yuam kom koom nrog kev ua suab paj nruag. Cov xwm txheej nyuaj ntawm lub neej ua rau tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag thiab ua rau nws muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws loj.
Gurilev cov keeb kwm raws li ib tug kws sau ntawv muaj ntau yam kev sib hlub, kev npaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem nkauj thiab piano daim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov suab paj nruag yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj tswv yim. Tus naj npawb ntawm lawv tsis paub, tab sis tsuas yog 90 romances thiab 47 adaptations tau luam tawm, uas tsim los ntawm cov sau "Selected Folk Songs", luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1849. Tus composer nyiam lub suab hom yog cov elegac romance thiab ces nrov romances nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm "Russian song". Qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog qhov xwm txheej heev, txij li Gurilev cov nkauj, txawm hais tias lawv muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog pej xeem kev coj noj coj ua, nyob ze rau nws txoj kev sib hlub ntawm ntau yam kev xav thiab lawv cov suab paj nruag. Thiab cov suab paj nruag ntawm qhov tseeb lyrical romances yog sau nrog purely Lavxias teb sab nkauj. Ob hom yog dominates los ntawm motifs ntawm unrequited los yog ploj kev hlub, xav nyob rau hauv kev kho siab, striving rau kev zoo siab, tu siab xav txog tus poj niam ntau.
Nrog rau cov nkauj pej xeem, thoob plaws hauv ib puag ncig hauv nroog, kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov neeg nyiam thiab cov phooj ywg, composer A. Varlamov, muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev tsim ntawm Guriev lub suab style. Cov npe ntawm cov kws sau nkauj no tau ntev ntev tau txuas nrog hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag raws li tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev sib hlub txhua hnub. Tib lub sijhawm, Gurilev cov ntawv sau muaj lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb. Lawv txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev xav txog kev tu siab, thiab kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov lus hais. Cov kev xav ntawm kev cia siab tsis muaj kev cia siab, kev xav ua kom muaj kev zoo siab, uas paub qhov txawv ntawm Guriev txoj haujlwm, tau ua raws li kev xav ntawm ntau tus neeg ntawm 30s thiab 40s. xyoo dhau los. Ib qho ntawm lawv cov exponents muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws yog Lermontov. Thiab nws tsis yog coincidence tias Guriev yog ib tug thawj thiab feem ntau rhiab neeg txhais lus ntawm nws paj huam. Txog rau hnub no, Lermontov txoj kev sib hlub los ntawm Gurilev "Ob boring thiab tu siab", "Kev Ncaj Ncees" ("Thaum muaj tsuas yog nco"), "Nyob rau lub caij nyuaj ntawm lub neej" tsis tau poob lawv cov txuj ci tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov hauj lwm no txawv ntawm lwm tus nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau pathetic ariose-recitative style, lub subtlety ntawm lub piano exposition thiab mus rau lub hom ntawm ib tug lyrical-dramatic monologue, nyob rau hauv ntau yam echoing cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm A. Dargomyzhsky.
Dramatized nyeem ntawv ntawm lyrical-egiac paj huam yog heev yam ntxwv ntawm Guriev, tus sau ntawm hitherto hlub romances "Kev sib cais", "Nplhaib" (ntawm A. Koltsov chaw nres tsheb), "Koj pluag ntxhais" (ntawm I. Aksakov qhov chaw nres tsheb), "Kuv hais. ntawm parting ”(ntawm tsab xov xwm los ntawm A. Fet), thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, nws lub suab style yog ze rau lub thiaj li hu ua "Lavxias teb sab bel canto", nyob rau hauv uas lub hauv paus ntawm expressiveness yog ib tug saj zawg zog suab paj nruag, uas yog ib tug organic fusion. ntawm Lavxias teb sab songwriting thiab Italian cantilena.
Ib qho chaw loj hauv Gurilev txoj haujlwm tseem yog nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem nthuav tawm hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov neeg hu nkauj gypsy uas nrov heev thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Lawv tau hais tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv zaj nkauj "daring, siab tawv" nyob rau hauv pej xeem-dance ntsuj plig, xws li "Tus Coachman's Song" thiab "Kuv Yuav Tu Siab". Ntau yam ntawm Guriev's romances tau sau nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm lub waltz, uas yog dav nyob rau hauv lub nroog lub neej ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tus du peb-ntu waltz zog yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lub purely Lavxias teb sab meter, lub thiaj li hu ua. tsib-syllable, zoo heev rau paj huam nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm "Lavxias teb sab song". Xws li cov romances "Ntxhais txoj kev tu siab", "Tsis txhob ua suab nrov, rye", "Lub tsev me me", "Tus nquab xiav-tis yog winding", lub npe nrov "Tswb" thiab lwm yam.
Guriev's piano ua haujlwm suav nrog kev seev cev me me thiab ntau yam kev hloov pauv. Cov qub yog cov khoom yooj yim rau cov neeg nyiam ua suab paj nruag hauv hom waltz, mazurka, polka thiab lwm yam kev seev cev nrov. Guriev's variations yog ib theem tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab pianism. Ntawm lawv, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nkauj Lavxias teb sab pej xeem ntawm kev qhia thiab kev qhuab qhia, muaj cov kev hais kwv txhiaj zoo sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab composers - A. Alyabyev, A. Varlamov thiab M. Glinka. Cov hauj lwm no, uas cov variations ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm tercet los ntawm lub opera "Ivan Susanin" ("Tsis txhob languish, nyob zoo") thiab lub ntsiab ntawm Varlamov txoj kev hlub "Tsis txhob Wake nws thaum kaj ntug", tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb, mus txog qhov romantic hom ntawm virtuoso-concert transcription. Lawv txawv los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai siab ntawm pianism, uas tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub xav txog Gurilev "tus kws tshaj lij ntawm cov txuj ci, uas tau tswj hwm mus dhau qhov kev txawj ntse thiab lub qab ntug ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Field uas coj nws mus."
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Gurilev lub suab nrov tom qab ntawd tau hloov pauv ntau txoj hauv kev los ntawm ntau tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias niaj hnub nyiam - P. Bulakhov, A. Dubuc thiab lwm tus. ib tug refined siv nyob rau hauv chamber kos duab ntawm zoo heev Lavxias teb sab lyricists thiab, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, P. Tchaikovsky.
T. Korzhenyants
