Piano yog dab tsi - Cov ntsiab lus loj

Lub piano (los ntawm Italian forte - nrov thiab piano - ntsiag to) yog ib lub suab seev suab paj nruag nrog keeb kwm nplua nuj. Nws tau paub thoob ntiaj teb rau ntau tshaj peb puas xyoo, tab sis tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam.

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no - tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm piano, nws keeb kwm, ntaus ntawv thiab ntau ntxiv.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub suab paj nruag

Ua ntej qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub piano, muaj lwm yam ntawm cov twj paj nruag keyboard:

1. Tshajplaws . Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv ltalis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th. Lub suab tau muab rho tawm vim qhov tseeb tias thaum tus yuam sij raug nias, tus pas nrig (pusher) sawv, tom qab ntawd lub pllectrum "plucked" txoj hlua. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub harpsichord yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem hloov lub ntim, thiab lub suab paj nruag tsis zoo txaus.
2. Clavichord (los ntawm Latin - "tus yuam sij thiab hlua"). Dav siv nyob rau hauv lub XV-XVIII centuries. Lub suab tau tshwm sim vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tangent (tus pin hlau nyob tom qab ntawm tus yuam sij) ntawm txoj hlua. Lub ntim ntawm lub suab tau tswj los ntawm nias tus yuam sij. Lub downside ntawm clavichord yog lub suab nrov sai sai.

Tus tsim ntawm piano yog Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655-1731), tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag Italian. Xyoo 1709, nws tau ua tiav kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho cuab yeej hu ua gravicembalo col piano e forte (harpsichord uas suab mos thiab nrov) lossis "pianoforte". Yuav luag txhua lub ntsiab ntawm lub tshuab piano niaj hnub twb nyob ntawm no.

Bartolomeo Cristofori

Thaum lub sij hawm, lub piano tau raug txhim kho:

• muaj zog hlau thav duab tshwm sim, qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov hlua tau hloov (ib qho saum toj no rau lwm qhov crosswise), thiab lawv cov tuab tau nce ntxiv - qhov no ua rau nws ua tau kom ua tiav lub suab ntau dua;
• nyob rau xyoo 1822, tus txiv neej Fabkis txoj S. Erar patented "ob rehearsal" mechanism, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rov hais dua lub suab sai sai thiab ua kom lub zog ntawm Kev Ua Si;
• Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, electronics pianos thiab synthesizers tau tsim.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, kev tsim piano pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th nyob rau hauv St. Txog xyoo 1917, muaj txog 1,000 tus kws ua haujlwm thiab ntau pua lub tuam txhab suab paj nruag - piv txwv li, KM Schroeder, Ya. Becker” thiab lwm tus.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm lub piano, hais txog 20,000 txawv manufacturers, ob lub tuam txhab thiab cov tib neeg, tau ua hauj lwm rau cov cuab yeej no.

Lub piano, gran piano thiab fortepiano zoo li cas

Fortepiano yog lub npe dav dav rau cov twj paj nruag percussion ntawm hom no. Hom no suav nrog cov pianos loj thiab pianinos (cov ntawv txhais lus - "piano me").

Nyob rau hauv lub grand piano, cov hlua, tag nrho cov mechanics thiab soundboard (resonating nto) yog muab tso rau horizontally, yog li nws muaj ib tug impressive loj, thiab nws cov duab zoo li ib tug noog lub tis. Nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog lub hau qhib (thaum nws qhib, lub suab nrov yog amplified).

Muaj cov pianos ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, tab sis qhov nruab nrab, qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntsuas yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 1.8 m, thiab qhov dav yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 1.5 m.

Lub pianino yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev teeb tsa ntsug ntawm cov txheej txheem, vim tias nws muaj qhov siab ntau dua li lub piano, cov duab elongated thiab leans ze rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm chav tsev. Qhov ntev ntawm lub piano yog ntau me dua li cov piano loj - qhov nruab nrab dav ncav cuag 1.5 m, thiab qhov tob yog li 60 cm.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov twj paj nruag

Ntxiv rau qhov sib txawv, lub piano loj muaj qhov sib txawv hauv qab no los ntawm piano:

1. Cov hlua ntawm lub piano loj nyob hauv tib lub dav hlau raws li cov yawm sij (perpendicular ntawm lub piano), thiab lawv ntev dua, uas muab lub suab nrov thiab nplua nuj.
2. Ib tug piano loj muaj 3 pedals thiab piano muaj 2.
3. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog lub hom phiaj ntawm cov twj paj nruag. Lub piano yog tsim rau kev siv hauv tsev, vim nws yooj yim kawm paub ua si, thiab lub ntim tsis zoo li cuam tshuam rau cov neeg nyob ze. Lub piano yog tsim los rau cov chav loj thiab cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag.

Feem ntau, piano thiab grand piano nyob ze rau ib leeg, lawv tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog tus kwv yau thiab laus hauv tsev neeg piano.

Yam

Lub ntsiab hom piano :

• piano me me (ntev 1.2 - 1.5 m.);
• menyuam piano (ntev 1.5 - 1.6 m.);
• nruab nrab piano (1.6 - 1.7 m nyob rau hauv ntev);
• grand piano rau chav nyob (1.7 - 1.8 m.);
• kev tshaj lij (nws qhov ntev yog 1.8 m.);
• grand piano rau me thiab loj halls (1.9/2 m ntev);
• me me thiab loj concert grand pianos (2.2 / 2.7 m.)

Peb tuaj yeem muab cov npe pianos hauv qab no:

• piano-spinet - qhov siab tsawg dua 91 cm, me me, tsim tsis zoo, thiab, vim li ntawd, tsis yog lub suab zoo tshaj plaws;
• piano console (qhov kev xaiv tshaj plaws) - qhov siab 1-1.1 m, ib txwm zoo li, suab zoo;
• studio (professional) piano - qhov siab 115-127 cm, suab zoo li tus piano loj;
• loj pianos - qhov siab ntawm 130 cm thiab siab dua, cov qauv qub, txawv ntawm kev zoo nkauj, durability thiab zoo heev suab.

Kev npaj

Lub piano loj thiab lub piano sib koom ua ke, txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus tau teeb tsa txawv:

• cov hlua raug rub mus rau lub cam khwb cia-hlau thav duab nrog kev pab los ntawm pegs, uas hla lub treble thiab bass shingles (lawv amplify txoj hlua vibrations), txuas nrog ib tug ntoo shield nyob rau hauv cov hlua (resonant lawj);
• Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv qis, 1 txoj hlua ua, thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab siab sau npe, ib tug "chorus" ntawm 2-3 hlua.

mechanics

Thaum tus pianist nias tus yuam sij, lub damper (muffler) txav deb ntawm txoj hlua, tso cai rau nws ua suab nrov, tom qab ntawd lub rauj ntaus rau ntawm nws. Qhov no yog li cas lub suab piano. Thaum lub twj paj nruag tsis ua si, cov hlua (tshwj tsis yog cov octaves huab cua) raug nias tawm tsam lub damper.

Piano Pedals

Ib lub piano feem ntau muaj ob lub pedals, thaum lub piano loj muaj peb:

1. Thawj pedal . Thaum koj nias nws, tag nrho cov dampers nce, thiab qee cov hlua suab thaum cov yuam sij raug tso tawm, thaum lwm tus pib vibrate. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no nws muaj peev xwm mus cuag ib tug nruam suab thiab ntxiv overtones.
2. Sab laug pedal . Ua rau lub suab muffled thiab attenuates nws. Tsis tshua siv.
3. Peb pedal (tsuas muaj nyob rau ntawm piano). Nws txoj haujlwm yog los thaiv qee cov dampers kom lawv nyob twj ywm kom txog thaum lub pedal raug tshem tawm. Vim qhov no, koj tuaj yeem txuag tau ib chord thaum ua si lwm cov ntawv.

Ua si instrument

Txhua hom pianos muaj 88 tus yuam sij, 52 ntawm cov uas yog dawb thiab 36 qhov tseem ceeb yog dub. Tus qauv ntau yam ntawm cov twj paj nruag no yog los ntawm daim ntawv A subcontroctave mus rau daim ntawv C nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib octave.

Pianos thiab grand pianos muaj ntau yam thiab tuaj yeem ua si yuav luag txhua lub suab. Lawv tsim nyog ob qho tib si rau kev ua haujlwm solo thiab rau kev koom tes nrog lub orchestra.

Piv txwv li, pianists feem ntau nrog violin, dombra, cello thiab lwm yam twj paj nruag.

FAQ

Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub piano rau tsev?

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account ib qho tseem ceeb - qhov loj dua lub piano lossis grand piano, lub suab zoo dua. Yog tias qhov loj ntawm koj lub tsev thiab cov peev nyiaj tso cai, koj yuav tsum yuav lub piano loj. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, qhov ntsuas nruab nrab yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws - nws yuav tsis siv ntau qhov chaw, tab sis yuav suab zoo.

Nws puas yooj yim kawm ntaus piano?

Yog hais tias lub piano xav tau kev txawj ntse, ces lub piano zoo heev rau cov pib tshiab. Cov uas tsis tau kawm hauv lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus yuav tsum tsis txhob chim - tam sim no koj tuaj yeem kawm piano yooj yim hauv online.

Cov tuam txhab piano twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws?

Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia ntau lub tuam txhab uas tsim cov pianos loj thiab pianos zoo:

• hwm : Bechstein grand pianos, Bluthner pianos thiab grand pianos, Yamaha concert grand pianos;
• theem nrab : Hoffmann grand pianos , August Forester pianos;
• cov qauv siv nyiaj pheej yig : Boston, Yamaha pianos, Haessler grand pianos.

Nto moo piano ua yeeb yam thiab composers

1. Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) yog tus kws sau ntawv Polish thiab tus kws ntaus nkauj zoo nkauj. Nws tau sau ntau yam haujlwm hauv ntau hom, sib txuas cov classics thiab kev tsim kho tshiab, muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag.
2. Franz Liszt (1811-1886) - Hungarian pianist. Nws tau nto moo rau nws qhov kev ua si piano zoo thiab nws cov haujlwm nyuaj tshaj plaws - piv txwv li, Mephisto Waltz waltz.
3. Sergei Rachmaninov (1873-1943) yog ib tug naas ej Lavxias teb sab pianist-suab paj nruag. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm nws cov txheej txheem ua si thiab tus kws sau ntawv tus qauv.
4. Denis Matsuev yog ib tug kawm virtuoso pianist, yeej ntawm prestigious kev sib tw. Nws cov hauj lwm sib txuas cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab piano tsev kawm ntawv thiab kev tsim kho tshiab.

Nthuav qhov tseeb txog Piano

• raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, kev ua si piano muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev qhuab qhia, kev kawm tiav, kev coj cwj pwm thiab kev sib koom tes ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog kawm ntawv;
• qhov ntev ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws concert grand piano nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog 3.3 m, thiab qhov hnyav yog ntau tshaj ib tuj;
• nruab nrab ntawm lub piano keyboard nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov ntawv "mi" thiab "fa" nyob rau hauv thawj octave;
• Tus sau thawj zaug rau lub piano yog Lodovico Giustini, uas tau sau lub sonata "12 Sonate da cimbalo di piano e forte" hauv 1732.

Summing txog

Lub piano yog qhov nrov thiab ntau yam cuab yeej uas nws yooj yim nrhiav tsis tau ib qho analogue rau nws. Yog tias koj tsis tau ua si ua ntej, sim nws - tej zaum koj lub tsev yuav sai sai no thiab ntau ntxiv nrog cov suab nrov ntawm cov yuam sij no.