Dab tsi yog poetic meters?

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab poetics, syllabic-tonic system ntawm versification, qhia nrog lub teeb txhais tes ntawm Lomonosov thiab Trediakovsky, tau txais yuav. Nyob rau hauv luv luv: nyob rau hauv lub tonic system, tus naj npawb ntawm kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv ib tug kab yog ib qho tseem ceeb, thiab lub syllabic system yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv rhyme.

Ua ntej peb kawm yuav ua li cas los txiav txim poetic meter, cia peb ua kom peb nco txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus. Qhov luaj li cas nyob ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm cov lus nyuaj thiab tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab. Pawg ntawm cov lus rov ua dua hauv ib kab yog taw. Lawv txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm nqe. Tab sis tus naj npawb ntawm ko taw hauv ib nqe lus (kab) yuav qhia seb qhov luaj li cas yog ib-taw, ob-taw, peb-ko taw, thiab lwm yam.

Cia peb saib qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm ko taw nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg lub suab ua nws. Piv txwv li, yog tias muaj ib lub suab, ces tus ko taw kuj yog monosyllabic, thiab yog tias muaj tsib, ces nws yog tsib lub suab. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ( paj huam ) koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ob lub suab (trochee thiab iambic) thiab peb lub suab (dactyl, amphibrach, anapest) ko taw.

Ob lub suab. Muaj ob lub suab thiab ob meters.

Chorea - ko taw nrog kev ntxhov siab ntawm thawj lub suab. Lub ntsiab lus uas qee zaum siv los hu rau hom ko taw no yog lo lus troche. IN iambic kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub suab thib ob. Yog hais tias lo lus ntev, ces nws kuj txhais tau hais tias ib qho kev nyuaj siab thib ob.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub sij hawm yog nthuav. Raws li ib tug version, sawv cev ntawm tus qhev ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam Demeter, Yambi, uas hu nkauj zoo siab nkauj ua rau iambic meter. Nyob rau hauv ancient Greece, tsuas yog cov paj huam satirical tau Ameslikas tsim nyob rau hauv iambic.

Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv iambic los ntawm trochee? Kev nyuaj tuaj yeem zam tau yooj yim yog tias koj npaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv. Lub "trochee" los ua ntej, thiab raws li, nws qhov kev ntxhov siab yog nyob rau thawj lub suab.

Nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm sab xis koj pom ib tug schematic sawv cev ntawm qhov ntev uas siv cov lej thiab cov cim, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntawv no koj tuaj yeem nyeem cov piv txwv ntawm cov paj huam nrog qhov ntev ntawm cov ntawv tseeb. Lub trochaic meter tau qhia tau zoo rau peb los ntawm cov paj huam los ntawm AS Pushkin's "Demons", thiab peb tuaj yeem pom iambic taw thaum pib ntawm cov ntawv tshiab nto moo hauv nqe lus "Eugene Onegin".

Trisyllabic poetic meters. Muaj peb lub suab nyob hauv ko taw, thiab tib tus lej ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg.

Dactyl - ib tug ko taw uas thawj lub suab yog stressed, ces ob unstressed. Lub npe los ntawm Greek lo lus dáktylos, uas txhais tau tias "ntiv tes". Dactylic ko taw muaj peb lub suab thiab cov ntiv taw muaj peb phalanges. Lub invention ntawm dactyl yog ntaus nqi rau tus vajtswv Dionysus.

Amphibrachium (Greek amphibrachys - luv ntawm ob sab) - ib ko taw ntawm peb lub suab, qhov kev ntxhov siab tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab. Anapest (Greek anapaistos, piv txwv li xav rov qab) - ko taw nrog kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub suab kawg. Qauv: 001/001

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm peb lub suab lus tau yooj yim nco qab los ntawm kab lus: "Tus poj niam xauv lub rooj vag thaum yav tsaus ntuj." Cov ntawv luv DAMA encodes cov npe ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg hauv kev txiav txim: DActyl, AMFIBRACHY, Anapest. Thiab cov lus "thaum yav tsaus ntuj nws kaw lub rooj vag" qhia cov qauv ntawm kev hloov ntawm cov lus.

Rau cov piv txwv ntawm cov ntawv tseeb rau peb lub suab lus, saib daim duab uas koj pom hauv qab no. Dactyl thiab amphibrachium qhia txog cov haujlwm ntawm M.Yu. Lermontov's "Clouds" thiab "Nws Sawv Kho Siab nyob rau sab qaum teb." Cov ko taw anapestic tuaj yeem pom hauv A. Blok zaj paj huam "Rau Muse":

Polysyllabic meters yog tsim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ob lossis peb meters yooj yim (ib yam li hauv suab paj nruag). Ntawm ntau hom kev sib tw, qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog peon thiab penton.

Peon muaj ib qho kev nyuaj siab thiab peb lub suab tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab. Raws li kev suav ntawm cov suab lus nyuaj, peons I, II, III thiab IV yog qhov txawv. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab versification, keeb kwm ntawm peon yog txuam nrog cov symbolists, uas tau thov nws raws li ib tug plaub-lub suab meter.

Penton - ib ko taw ntawm tsib lub suab. Muaj tsib hom ntawm lawv: “Penton No.. (raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub suab lus nyuaj). Lub npe nrov pentadolniki AV Koltsov, thiab "Penton No. 3" yog hu ua "Koltsovsky". Raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm "peon" peb tuaj yeem hais txog R. Rozhdestvensky cov paj huam "Moments", thiab peb piav qhia lub "pentone" nrog cov paj huam ntawm A. Koltsov "Tsis txhob ua suab nrov, rye":

Paub txog dab tsi poetic meters yog qhov tsim nyog tsis yog rau tsev kawm ntawv txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv xwb, tab sis rau kev xaiv lawv kom raug thaum sau koj cov paj huam. Lub melodiousness ntawm cov lus piav qhia nyob ntawm qhov loj. Tsuas muaj ib txoj cai ntawm no: cov lus tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua hauv ib ko taw, lub suab nrov dua. Nws tsis yog qhov zoo los pleev xim rau kev sib ntaus sib tua nrawm, piv txwv li, nrog lub penton: daim duab yuav zoo li nws nyob rau hauv qeeb.

Kuv xav kom koj mus so. Saib daim vis dis aus nrog cov suab paj nruag zoo nkauj thiab sau rau hauv cov lus hais tias koj tuaj yeem hu rau cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag txawv txawv uas koj pom muaj?