Suab nkauj kho siab |
ATONAL MUSIC (los ntawm Greek a – negative particle and tonos – tone) – music. ua hauj lwm sau sab nraum lub logic ntawm modals thiab harmonies. kev sib txuas uas npaj cov lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag tonal (saib hom, Tonality). Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm A.m. yog qhov sib npaug ntawm tag nrho cov tones, qhov tsis muaj ib qho chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm cov tones. A. m. tsis paub qhov sib txawv ntawm consonance thiab dissonance thiab xav tau los daws dissonances. Nws hais txog qhov tsis lees paub ntawm kev ua haujlwm sib haum xeeb, tsis suav nrog qhov ua tau ntawm kev hloov pauv.
Dep. atonal ntu muaj nyob rau hauv lub caij Romantic. thiab impressionistic music. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 20th hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm A. Schoenberg thiab nws cov tub ntxhais kawm, qhov kev tsis lees paub ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub suab paj nruag tau txais qhov tseem ceeb thiab ua rau lub tswv yim ntawm atonalism lossis "atonalism". Qee tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm A. m., suav nrog A. Schoenberg, A. Berg, A. Webern, tau tawm tsam rau lo lus "atonalism", ntseeg tias nws tsis raug qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv no. Tsuas yog JM Hauer, uas nws tus kheej tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm atonal 12-tone sau, ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm Schoenberg, dav siv hauv nws txoj kev xav. ua haujlwm nrog lo lus "A. m.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm A.m. tau ib nrab npaj los ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. suab paj nruag nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm chromatics, cov tsos ntawm chords ntawm ib tug plaub qauv, thiab lwm yam, ua rau ib tug tsis muaj zog ntawm lub modal-functional inclinations. Kev siv zog mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm "tonal weightlessness" kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev sim ntawm qee tus kws sau ntawv los mus rau qhov kev qhia pub dawb ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, tsis meej hauv lub siab. impulses.
Cov kws sau ntawv A.m. ntsib txoj hauj lwm nyuaj ntawm kev nrhiav cov hauv paus ntsiab lus uas muaj peev xwm hloov cov qauv txheej txheem uas npaj cov suab paj nruag tonal. Lub sijhawm pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm "dawb atonalism" yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm cov kws sau nkauj rau wok. hom, qhov twg cov ntawv nyeem nws tus kheej ua lub ntsiab shaping yam. Ntawm cov thawj sau ntawm txoj kev theej txhoj tsis tu ncua yog 15 zaj nkauj rau nqe ntawm Phau Ntawv Hanging Gardens los ntawm S. Gheorghe (1907-09) thiab Peb fp. luaj op. 11 (1909) A. Schoenberg. Tom qab ntawd tuaj nws tus kheej monodrama "Tos", opera "Zoo Siab Tes", "Five Pieces for Orchestra" op. 16, lub suab paj nruag Lunar Pierrot, nrog rau tej hauj lwm ntawm A. Berg thiab A. Webern, nyob rau hauv uas lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm atonalism tau tsim ntxiv. Tsim txoj kev xav ntawm cov suab paj nruag, Schoenberg tau muab tso rau qhov kev thov kom tsis txhob suav cov consonant chords thiab tsim kom muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab paj nruag. lus ("emancipation of dissonance"). Ib txhij nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Viennese tshiab thiab ntawm lawv tus kheej, qee tus kws sau ntawv ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab Amelikas (B. Bartok, CE Ives, thiab lwm yam) tau siv txoj kev sau ntawv theej txhoj mus rau ib qib lossis lwm qhov.
Kev zoo nkauj cov ntsiab lus ntawm A. m., tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv thawj theem, tau sib txuas nrog kev thov ntawm kev nthuav qhia, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm nws qhov ntse. txhais tau tias thiab tso cai rau illogical. kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev kos duab. xav. A. m., ignoring lub functional harmonic. kev sib txuas thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev daws teeb meem dissonance rau hauv consonance, ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm kev kos duab kos duab.
Kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm A.m. yog txuas nrog kev sim ntawm nws cov neeg koom ua ke kom xaus rau qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis ncaj ncees hauv kev muaj tswv yim, tus yam ntxwv ntawm "dawb atonalism". Thaum pib. 20th caug xyoo nrog rau Schoenberg, tus kws sau ntawv JM Hauer (Vienna), N. Obukhov (Paris), E. Golyshev (Berlin), thiab lwm tus tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau, uas, raws li lawv cov kws sau ntawv, yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv ib qho. ib co kev tsim lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab muab xaus rau lub sonic anarchy ntawm atonalism. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm cov kev sim no, tsuas yog "txoj kev sib xyaw nrog 12 lub suab sib cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg", luam tawm xyoo 1922 los ntawm Schoenberg, raws li lub npe dodecaphony, tau dhau los ua thoob plaws hauv ntau lub tebchaws. lub teb chaws. Cov ntsiab cai ntawm A.m. underlie ntau yam kev qhia. txhais tau tias ntawm lub npe. suab paj nruag avant-garde. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntsiab cai no tau lees paub los ntawm ntau tus kws sau nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm xyoo pua 20th uas ua raws li suab paj nruag tonal. kev xav (A. Honegger, P. Hindemith, SS Prokofiev thiab lwm tus). Kev lees paub lossis tsis lees paub txog kev cai lij choj ntawm atonalism yog ib qho ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus. kev tsis sib haum xeeb nyob rau hauv niaj hnub music creativity.
References: Druskin M., Txoj kev ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov suab paj nruag txawv teb chaws niaj hnub, hauv kev sau: Cov lus nug ntawm cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub, L., 1963, p. 174–78; Shneerson G., Hais txog suab paj nruag ciaj sia thiab tuag, M., 1960, M., 1964, ch. "Schoenberg thiab nws lub tsev kawm ntawv"; Mazel L., Ntawm txoj kev ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub, III. Dodecaphony, “SM”, 1965, No 8; Berg A., Dab tsi yog atonalitye Ib lub xov tooj cua hais los ntawm A. Berg ntawm Vienna Rundfunk, 23 Lub Plaub Hlis 1930, hauv Slonimsky N., Suab paj nruag txij li xyoo 1900, NY, 1938 (saib cov ntawv ntxiv); Schoenberg, A., Style thiab lub tswv yim, NY, 1950; Reti R., Tonality, atonality, pantonality, L., 1958, 1960 (Lus txhais lus – Tonality in modern music, L., 1968); Perle G., Serial composition and atonality, Berk.-Los Ang., 1962, 1963; Austin W., Music in the 20th century…, NY, 1966.
GM Schneerson
