Variable fret |
Variable fret - ib hom kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus (tonic) hloov pauv los ntawm cov suab sib txawv ntawm tib lub teev, nrog rau hom, qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov hloov pauv nrog tib lub tonic (tonic) (raws li IV Sposobin).
Lub tswvyim "P. l." feem ntau yog siv rau thawj ntawm cov qauv no, txawm hais tias nws yuav tsum tau hu ua qhov sib txawv-tonal, thiab qhov thib ob - qhov tseeb
Lavxias teb sab pej xeem song "Koj yog kuv teb."
variable fret. P. l. common in Nar. suab paj nruag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Russia. Hais txog qhov fragility ntawm lub tonal center tso cai rau nws yooj yim hloov mus rau yuav luag txhua kauj ruam, thiab tsis muaj kev xav ntawm kev hloov kho. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv-modal hloov chaw ntawm kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev hloov pauv yog qhov tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb thiab tsim ib qho, lossis hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob lossis ntau dua. yuam sij (nrog rau ib qho kev ntsuas) rau hauv ib qho modal tag nrho. Kev xav ntawm ob lossis ntau dua yeej. xim teej tug mus rau tib modal system (MI Glinka, "Ivan Susanin", 1st act, chorus "Ice coj tus dej puv"). Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom nyob rau hauv feem ntau daim ntawv ntawm P. l. - ib qho kev sib txuas sib txuas sib txuas (saib cov piv txwv saum toj no, nrog rau ib qho piv txwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab nkauj "Ib tug me nyuam taug kev raws hav zoov" hauv tsab xov xwm Sound system). Lub softness ntawm kev hloov ntawm ib qho kev txhawb nqa mus rau lwm tus, uas yog ib txwm rau P. l., muab nws ib tug calmly iridescent cwj pwm. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm qhov kev txhais ntawm nws qhov kev nthuav tawm kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tau - saib, piv txwv li, ib qho excerpt los ntawm 2nd act of the opera Prince Igor los ntawm Borodin:
Cov txiv neej seev cev yog qus.
Nyob rau hauv cov kev xav ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog. frets rau lub sij hawm "P. l." Ib lub tswv yim hais txog yog tonus peregrinus ("wandering tone", piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm antiphon "Nos qui vivimus"), uas qhia txog qhov kawg ntawm lub suab seev hauv decomp. finales, nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm lwm cov kev txhawb nqa fret. Lub tswvyim ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th zoo ib yam li lub ntsiab lus. alteratio modi (“hloov hom”), siv rau tej daim uas pib hauv ib lub suab thiab xaus rau lwm qhov (los ntawm K. Bernhard); kev hloov hauv lub suab tuaj yeem txhais ob qho tib si raws li kev hloov pauv thiab raws li P. l. NP Diletskii (70s ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th) xav tias lub tswv yim ntawm P. l. nyob rau hauv cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm "mixed music". Rau modal variability nyob rau hauv Russia. nar. NA Lvov (1790) tau mob siab rau cov nkauj, thiab piav qhia lawv li "cov suab paj nruag tsis zoo" (ntu 25 thiab 30 los ntawm kev sau "Sau cov nkauj Lavxias teb sab nrog lawv lub suab ..." los ntawm Lvov-Prach). Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus lub tswvyim thiab lo lus "P l." thawj zaug tau thov los ntawm VL Yavorsky. Nws theoretical cov lus piav qhia boiled mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias tej yam tones yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub modal qauv, thiab unstable nyob rau hauv lwm yam (rov qab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, raws li VA Zuckerman, piv txwv li, suab ga).
Yu. N. Tyulin txuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm P. l. nrog amplification ntawm kev sib txawv chord functions.
References: Lvov HA, On Russian Folk Singing, in his book: Collection of Russian Folk Songs with their Voices, St. Petersburg, 1790, republished. M., 1955; Diletsky HP, Suab paj nruag sau ntawv, (St. Petersburg), 1910; Protopopov EV, Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev hais lus suab paj nruag, ntu 1-2. M., 1930; ib. Tyulin Yu. N., Phau ntawv ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, ntu 2, M., 1959; Vakhromeev VA, Modal qauv ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem nkauj thiab nws txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm theem pib suab paj nruag txoj kev xav, M., 1968; Sposobin IV, Lectures on the course of harmony, M., 1969; Protopopov VI, Nikolai Diletsky thiab nws "Music Grammar", "Musica Antiqua", IV, Bydgoszcz, 1975; Tsukerman VA, Qee cov lus nug ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, hauv nws phau ntawv: suab paj nruag-theoretical essays thiab etudes, vol. 2, M., 1975; ib. Müller-Blattau J., Die Kompositionslehre Heinrich Schützens in der Fassung seines Schülers Christoph Bernhard, Lpz., 1926, Kassel ua, 1963.
Yu. H. Kholopov
