State Academic Chapel ntawm St. Petersburg (Saint Petersburg Tsev Hais Plaub Capella) |

Saint Petersburg Tsev Hais Plaub Capella

Lub Xeev Academic Chapel ntawm St. Petersburg yog ib lub koom haum kev hais kwv txhiaj nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, uas suav nrog cov kws tshaj lij hu nkauj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia (tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX) thiab symphony orchestra. Nws muaj nws tus kheej concert Hall.

Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj St. Petersburg hu nkauj yog qhov qub tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab kws hu nkauj. Founded hauv 1479 nyob rau hauv Moscow raws li ib tug txiv neej hu nkauj ntawm lub thiaj li hu. Sovereign choristers deacon koom nrog hauv kev pabcuam ntawm Assumption Cathedral thiab hauv "kev lom zem hauv ntiaj teb" ntawm lub tsev hais plaub huab tais. Nyob rau hauv 1701 nws tau reorganized rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub hu nkauj (txiv neej thiab cov tub), nyob rau hauv 1703 nws raug xa mus rau St. Nyob rau hauv 1717 nws tau mus nrog Peter I mus rau teb chaws Poland, lub teb chaws Yelemees, Holland, Fabkis, qhov chaw uas nws thawj zaug qhia Lavxias teb sab choral hu nkauj rau txawv teb chaws mloog.

Xyoo 1763, pawg hu nkauj tau hloov npe rau hauv Imperial Tsev Hais Plaub Hu Nkauj Chapel (100 tus neeg hauv pawg hu nkauj). Txij li thaum xyoo 1742, ntau tus neeg hu nkauj tau ua cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg hu nkauj hauv Italian operas, thiab txij li nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. kuj ua yeeb yam ntawm solo qhov chaw nyob rau hauv thawj Lavxias teb sab operas nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub ua yeeb yam. Txij li thaum 1774, pawg hu nkauj tau muab concerts nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg Music Club, nyob rau hauv 1802-50 nws koom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov concerts ntawm St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society (cantatas thiab oratorios los ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws composers, feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv Russia. thawj zaug, thiab qee qhov hauv ntiaj teb, suav nrog Beethoven's Solemn Mass, 1824). Xyoo 1850-82, kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm Concert Society ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.

Ua qhov chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab choral kab lis kev cai, lub tsev teev ntuj cuam tshuam tsis tau tsuas yog tsim cov kab lig kev cai ntawm choral kev ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis kuj cov style ntawm choral sau tsis muaj accompaniment (a cappella). Cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag Lavxias thiab sab hnub poob (VV Stasov, AN Serov, A. Adan, G. Berlioz, F. Liszt, R. Schumann, thiab lwm yam) tau sau tseg tias kev sib haum xeeb, ib pawg tshwj xeeb, cov txheej txheem virtuoso, impeccable muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws gradations ntawm choral suab. thiab lub suab zoo heev (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntses bass thaj tsam octavists).

Lub tsev teev ntuj tau coj los ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab cov neeg sau suab paj nruag: MP Poltoratsky (1763-1795), DS Bortnyansky (1796-1825), FP Lvov (1825-36), AF Lvov (1837-61), NI Bakhmetev (1861-83), MA Balakirev (1883-94), AS Arensky (1895-1901), SV Smolensky (1901-03) thiab lwm yam. yog MI Glinka.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1816, cov thawj coj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau tso cai rau luam tawm, hloov kho, thiab tso cai rau kev ua yeeb yam dawb ceev choral tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab composers. Nyob rau hauv 1846-1917, lub tsev teev ntuj muaj lub xeev full-time thiab ib nrab sij hawm coj (regency) cov chav kawm, thiab los ntawm 1858 instrumental chav kawm tau qhib nyob rau hauv ntau yam orchestral specialties, uas tau npaj (raws li cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub conservatory) soloists thiab artists ntawm lub orchestra ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws kev tsim nyog.

Cov chav kawm tau txais kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb hauv NA Rimsky-Korsakov (tus thawj coj hauv 1883-94), uas nyob rau xyoo 1885 tau tsim lub suab paj nruag orchestra los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub pas nrig ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Cov xib fwb ntawm cov chav kawm instrumental-choir yog cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo, kws sau nkauj, thiab ua yeeb yam.

Nyob rau hauv 1905-17, cov dej num ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj raug txwv tsuas yog rau lub tsev teev ntuj thiab cult txheej xwm. Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj xyoo 1917, cov nkauj hu nkauj repertoire suav nrog cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb choral classics, ua haujlwm los ntawm Soviet composers, thiab cov nkauj pej xeem. Xyoo 1918, lub tsev teev ntuj tau hloov mus rau hauv Pawg Neeg Choir Academy, los ntawm 1922 - Lub Xeev Kev Kawm Txuj Ci (txij li xyoo 1954 - muaj npe tom qab MI Glinka). Xyoo 1920, pawg hu nkauj tau ntxiv nrog cov poj niam lub suab thiab sib xyaw ua ke.

Xyoo 1922, lub tsev kawm ntawv hu nkauj thiab ib lub tsev kawm ntawv hu nkauj ua ke ib hnub tau raug teeb tsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj (txij li xyoo 1925, lub tsev kawm hu nkauj yav tsaus ntuj rau cov neeg laus kuj tau teeb tsa). Xyoo 1945, raws li lub tsev kawm ntawv hu nkauj, Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Choir tau tsim los ntawm pawg hu nkauj (txij li xyoo 1954 - muaj npe tom qab MI Glinka). Xyoo 1955 Lub Tsev Kawm Choral tau los ua ib lub koom haum ywj pheej.

Pab pawg chapel ua haujlwm ua yeeb yam zoo heev. Nws repertoire muaj xws li classical thiab niaj hnub choirs unaccompanied, cov kev pab cuam los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm domestic composers, pej xeem nkauj (Lavxias teb sab, Ukrainian, thiab lwm yam), raws li zoo raws li cov hauj lwm loj ntawm lub cantata-oratorio hom, ntau yam uas tau ua los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. USSR thawj zaug. Ntawm lawv: "Alexander Nevsky", "Tus Saib Xyuas ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb", "Toast" los ntawm Prokofiev; "Suab Nkauj ntawm Hav Zoov", "Lub Hnub Ci Tshaj Peb Lub Tebchaws" los ntawm Shostakovich; "Nyob rau ntawm Kulikovo Field", "Cov lus dab neeg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Lavxias teb sab" los ntawm Shaporin, "Lub Kaum Ob Hlis" los ntawm Salmanov, "Virineya" los ntawm Slonimsky, "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Igor Txoj Kev Sib Tw" los ntawm Prigogine thiab ntau lwm yam hauj lwm los ntawm Soviet thiab txawv teb chaws composers.

Tom qab xyoo 1917, lub tsev teev ntuj tau coj los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Soviet choral: MG Klimov (1917-35), HM Danilin (1936-37), AV Sveshnikov (1937-41), GA Dmitrevsky (1943-53), AI Anisimov (1955- 65), FM Kozlov (1967-72), 1974 – VA Chernushenko. Xyoo 1928 lub tsev teev ntuj ncig Latvia, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Switzerland, Ltalis, thiab xyoo 1952 GDR.

References: Muzalevsky VI, lub qub Lavxias teb sab hu nkauj. (1713-1938), L.-M., 1938; (Gusin I., Tkachev D.), State Academic Chapel muaj npe tom qab MI Glinka, L., 1957; Academic Chapel muaj npe tom qab MI Glinka, hauv phau ntawv: Suab paj nruag Leningrad, L., 1958; Lokshin D., Zoo kawg nkaus Lavxias teb sab choirs thiab lawv cov conductors, M., 1963; Kazachkov S., Ob hom - ob kab lig kev cai, "SM", 1971, Tsis muaj 2.

DV Tkachev