Paul Badura-Skoda |

Paul Badura-Skoda

Ib tug kws ntaus suab paj nruag - soloist, ensemble player, conductor, xib fwb, kws tshawb fawb, kws sau ntawv - qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub tom qab tsov rog tiam ntawm Austrian pianistic tsev kawm ntawv. Qhov tseeb, nws yuav tsis yog qhov tseeb tag nrho rau kev faib nws yam tsis muaj xwm txheej raws li lub tsev kawm Austrian: tom qab tag nrho, tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm Vienna Conservatory hauv chav kawm piano ntawm tus xibfwb Viola Tern (zoo li hauv chav kawm), Badura-Skoda tau kawm hauv qab. Kev taw qhia ntawm Edwin Fischer, uas nws suav tias yog nws tus kws qhia ntawv tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, Fischer txoj kev nyiam ntawm sab ntsuj plig tshuav ib qho tsis muaj zog heev rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Badur-Skoda; Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog Vienna, qhov chaw uas nws nyob thiab ua haujlwm, nrog Vienna, uas tau muab nws cov pianistic repertoire thiab qhov uas feem ntau hu ua auditory experience.

Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus pianist pib hauv 50s. Heev sai sai, nws tau tsim nws tus kheej ua ib tug zoo heev connoisseur thiab hloov maj mam txhais lus ntawm lub Viennese classics. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm ntau qhov kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb txhawb nws lub koob npe nrov, qhib lub qhov rooj ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj rau nws, theem ntawm ntau lub koob tsheej. Cov neeg thuam tsis ntev los no tau lees paub tias nws yog tus kws tshaj lij zoo nkauj, kev ua yeeb yaj kiab loj thiab kev saj tsis zoo, kev ncaj ncees rau tsab ntawv thiab tus ntsuj plig ntawm tus sau cov ntawv, thiab thaum kawg them tribute rau qhov yooj yim thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm nws qhov kev ua si. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas artist tsis mus unnoticed - tsis muaj ib tug dav ua pa ntawm cov kab lus, ib co "kev kawm", ntau smoothness, pedantry. "Nws tseem ua si nrog cov yuam sij, tsis yog suab," I. Kaiser sau tseg hauv xyoo 1965.

Cov tim khawv ntawm tus kws kos duab kev loj hlob ntxiv yog cov neeg mloog Soviet. Badura-Skoda, pib los ntawm 1968/69 lub caij, tsis tu ncua ncig xyuas USSR. Nws tam sim ntawd attracted xim nrog lub subtlety ntawm nuance, stylistic flair, muaj zog virtuosity. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws txhais lus ntawm Chopin zoo li dawb dhau, qee zaum tsis ncaj ncees los ntawm lub suab paj nruag nws tus kheej. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1973, pianist A. Ioheles tau sau tseg hauv nws qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tias Badura-Skoda "tau loj hlob mus rau hauv ib tus neeg paub tab nrog tus neeg hais lus, uas nws lub hom phiaj yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ntawm nws haiv neeg Viennese classics." Tseeb tiag, txawm tias thaum thawj ob mus ntsib, los ntawm qhov dav repertoire ntawm Badur-Skoda, sonatas ntawm Haydn (C loj) thiab Mozart (F loj) tau nco ntsoov, thiab tam sim no Schubert Sonata hauv C me tau lees paub tias yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. , qhov twg tus pianist tswj kom ntxoov ntxoo "muaj zog-willed, Beethovenian Pib".

Tus pianist tseem tshuav ib qho kev xav zoo nyob rau hauv lub koom haum nrog David Oistrakh, uas nws tau ua nyob rau hauv lub Great Hall ntawm lub Moscow Conservatory. Tab sis ntawm chav kawm, nce siab tshaj qib ntawm ib tug zoo tib yam accompanist, tus pianist yog inferior mus rau lub zoo nkauj violinist nyob rau hauv qhov tob, artistic tseem ceeb thiab scale ntawm kev txhais ntawm Mozart lub sonatas.

Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm Badur-Skoda, peb tau nthuav tawm nrog tus kws kos duab, txawm hais tias muaj peev xwm tsawg, tab sis muaj ntau yam sib txawv. Kev paub nplua nuj tshaj plaws thiab kev paub encyclopedic, thaum kawg, stylistic flair pab nws paub ntau hom suab paj nruag. Nws hais tias; "Kuv mus txog lub repertoire zoo li ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam, tus neeg txhais lus zoo mus txog kuv lub luag haujlwm; nws yuav tsum ua si tus phab ej, tsis yog nws tus kheej, nthuav tawm cov cim sib txawv nrog tib qhov tseeb. Thiab kuv yuav tsum hais tias feem ntau tus kws kos duab ua tiav, txawm tias nws tig mus rau qhov zoo li nyob deb. Nco qab tias txawm thaum kaj ntug ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm - nyob rau hauv 1951 - Badura-Skoda sau concertos los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov thiab Scriabin ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tam sim no nws txaus siab ua si suab paj nruag ntawm Chopin, Debussy, Ravel, Hindemith, Bartok, Frank Martin (tom kawg. mob siab rau nws thib ob Concerto rau nws rau piano thiab orchestra). Thiab Viennese classics thiab kev sib hlub tseem nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws qhov kev nyiam muaj tswv yim - los ntawm Haydn thiab Mozart, los ntawm Beethoven thiab Schubert, mus rau Schumann thiab Brahms. Nyob rau hauv Austria thiab txawv teb chaws, cov recordings ntawm Beethoven lub sonatas ua tau zoo heev, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States lub album The Complete Collection of Schubert Sonatas ua los ntawm Badur-Skoda, kaw los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm lub tuam txhab RCA, tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev. Raws li rau Mozart, nws txhais lus tseem yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev xav kom pom tseeb ntawm cov kab, pob tshab ntawm kev ntxhib los mos, thiab lub suab embossed. Badura-Skoda ua tsis tau tsuas yog feem ntau ntawm Mozart tus solo compositions, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam ensembles. Jörg Demus tau ua nws tus khub tas li tau ntau xyoo: lawv tau sau tag nrho Mozart cov ntawv sau rau ob lub pianos thiab plaub txhais tes ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv txoj kev koom tes tsis txwv, txawm li cas los xij, rau Mozart. Xyoo 1970, thaum Beethoven lub 200th hnub tseem ceeb tau ua kev zoo siab, cov phooj ywg tshaj tawm ib lub voj voog ntawm Beethoven's sonatas ntawm Austrian TV, nrog rau nws nrog cov lus nthuav tawm tshaj plaws. Badura-Skoda mob siab rau ob phau ntawv rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev txhais cov suab paj nruag ntawm Mozart thiab Beethoven, ib qho tau sau ua ke nrog nws tus poj niam, thiab lwm yam nrog Jörg Demus. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau sau ntau cov ntawv thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm Viennese classics thiab suab paj nruag thaum ntxov, cov ntawv sau ntawm Mozart's concertos, ntau yam ntawm Schubert cov haujlwm (xws li kev xav "Wanderer"), Schumann's "Album for Youth". Nyob rau hauv 1971, thaum nyob rau hauv Moscow, nws tau hais lus qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv lub conservatory ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm kev txhais cov suab paj nruag thaum ntxov. Lub koob npe nrov ntawm Badur-Skoda raws li ib tug connoisseur thiab ua yeeb yam ntawm Viennese classics yog tam sim no siab heev - nws tau raug caw mus tas li los qhia thiab ua cov kev kawm hauv kev ua yeeb yam tsis yog hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv Austria, tab sis kuj nyob hauv Asmeskas, Fabkis, Ltalis, Czechoslovakia thiab lwm lub tebchaws.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990