Oud: nws yog dab tsi, ntsuas keeb kwm, muaj pes tsawg leeg, siv

Ib qho ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm European lute yog oud. Cov cuab yeej no tau siv dav hauv cov tebchaws Muslim thiab Arab.

Dab tsi yog oud

Oud yog ib lub suab seev suab paj nruag. Chav kawm - plucked chordophone.

Keeb kwm

Cov cuab yeej muaj keeb kwm ntev. Thawj cov duab ntawm chordophones zoo sib xws hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 8 BC. Cov duab tau pom nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm niaj hnub Iran.

Nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman Sassanid, lub lute-zoo li ntsuas barbat tau txais koob meej. Lub oud tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tsim kho barbat nrog cov Greek qub barbiton. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX, lub tebchaws Muslim ntawm Iberia tau los ua lub chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm chordophone.

Lub npe Arabic rau qhov ntsuas "al-udu" muaj 2 lub ntsiab lus. Thawj yog ib txoj hlua, qhov thib ob yog swan caj dab. Cov neeg Arab koom nrog cov duab ntawm oud nrog lub caj dab ntawm swan.

Cov cuab yeej cuab tam

Cov qauv ntawm ouds muaj 3 qhov chaw: lub cev, caj dab, taub hau. Outwardly, lub cev zoo li ib tug pear txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov khoom siv - walnut, sandalwood, pear.

Lub caj dab yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo tib yam li lub cev. Lub peculiarity ntawm lub caj dab yog tsis muaj frets.

Lub taub hau yog txuas mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub caj dab. Nws muaj ib tug peg mechanism nrog cov hlua txuas. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlua ntawm feem ntau Azerbaijani version yog 6. Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv yog cov xov paj ntaub, nylon, nyuj plab hnyuv. Ntawm ib co versions ntawm qhov ntsuas, lawv yog khub.

Armenian hom chordophone yog qhov txawv ntawm ntau txoj hlua mus txog 11. Cov Persian version muaj 12. Nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan thiab Kyrgyzstan, lub chordophone muaj tsawg tshaj plaws - 5.

Cov qauv Arabic loj dua li Turkish thiab Persian. Qhov ntsuas qhov ntev yog 61-62 cm, thaum lub ntsuas qhov ntev ntawm Turkish yog 58.5 cm. Lub suab ntawm Arabic oud sib txawv hauv qhov tob vim yog lub cev loj dua.

siv

Cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag ua lub suab zoo ib yam li lub guitar. Lub cev yog muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv caug sab xis, txhawb nqa ntawm sab xis. Sab laug tes clamps cov chords ntawm lub caj dab fretless. Sab tes xis tuav lub plectrum, uas tshem tawm suab los ntawm cov hlua.

Txheem chordophone tuning: D2-G2-A2-D3-G3-C4. Thaum siv cov hlua khi, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov hlua uas nyob ib sab yog duplicated. Cov ntawv nyob sib ze zoo ib yam, tsim kom muaj suab nrov dua.

Lub oud yog siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem suab paj nruag. Ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam qee zaum siv nws hauv lawv qhov kev ua yeeb yam. Farid al-Atrash, tus neeg hu nkauj Egyptian thiab tus kws sau nkauj, nquag siv oud hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Cov nkauj nrov ntawm Farid: Rabeeh, Awal Hamsa, Hekayat Gharami, Wayak.