Ib tug opera

Ib qho opera uas muaj ib theem ua yog hu ua ib qho kev ua yeeb yam. Qhov kev txiav txim no tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov duab, scenes, ntu. Lub sij hawm ntawm xws li ib tug opera yog ho tsawg tshaj li ib tug multi-act. Txawm hais tias nws qhov me me, qhov kev ua yeeb yam hauv ib qho kev ua yeeb yam yog lub suab paj nruag tag nrho nrog kev tsim ua yeeb yam thiab architectonics, thiab yog qhov txawv ntawm nws hom kev sib txawv. Zoo li lub "grand" opera, nws pib nrog ib tug overture los yog kev taw qhia thiab muaj solo thiab ensemble tooj.

Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho kev ua yeeb yam muaj nws tus yam ntxwv nta:

Piv txwv li:

Ib qho kev ua yeeb yam hauv 17th-18th centuries. feem ntau ua thaum intermissions ntawm loj-scale operas; hauv tsev hais plaub, thiab hauv tsev ua yeeb yam. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag nthuav qhia ntawm me me opera yog recitative, thiab los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. lub aria relegates nws mus rau tom qab. Lub recitative plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub cav ntawm cov zajlus thiab kev sib txuas ntawm ensembles thiab arias.

Los ntawm Glück mus rau Puccini.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 50s XVIII HW Gluck tau tsim ob qho kev lom zem ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj: thiab, thiab P. Mascagni, ib puas xyoo tom qab, muab lub ntiaj teb ua yeeb yam ntawm daim ntawv me me. Kev nce qib ntawm hom ntawv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. D. Puccini aroused txaus siab rau nws thiab tus composer lub creation ntawm ib tug ua yeeb yam operas raws li kev ua si ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm D. Kub, , ; P. Hindemith sau ib zaj dab neeg opera. Muaj ntau yam piv txwv ntawm me me operas.

Zaj dab neeg ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm ib tug poj niam muaj koob muaj npe uas yug me nyuam tawm ntawm kev tshoob thiab mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj kom hloov siab lees txim yog lub hauv paus ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm Puccini's opera "Muam Angelica". Tau kawm txog kev tuag ntawm nws tus tub, Muam Angelica haus tshuaj lom, tab sis paub tias kev tua tus kheej yog kev txhaum loj heev uas yuav tsis tso cai rau nws pom tus menyuam saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, ua rau tus poj niam thov Vajtswv rau Virgin Mary rau kev zam txim. Nws pom tus Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, coj ib tug me nyuam tub ncaj plaub hau ntawm tes, thiab tuag nyob rau hauv kev sib haum xeeb.

Tus Muam Angelica ua yeeb yam txawv ntawm lwm qhov kev ua yeeb yam Puccini. Tsuas yog cov poj niam lub suab koom rau hauv nws, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov kawg scene ib tug tub hu nkauj ("Angels' Choir") tau hnov. Kev ua haujlwm siv stylization ntawm pawg ntseeg nkauj hu nkauj nrog lub cev, cov txheej txheem nruj heev, thiab cov tswb nrov tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​hauv lub suab paj nruag.

Thawj qhov tshwm sim nthuav tawm - nrog kev thov Vajtswv, nrog rau lub cev chords, tswb thiab chirping ntawm noog. Daim duab ntawm hmo ntuj - symphonic intermezzo - yuav ua raws li tib lub ntsiab lus. Lub ntsiab xim nyob rau hauv lub opera yog them rau tsim ib tug hloov maj mam kev puas siab puas ntsws portrait ntawm lub ntsiab cim. Nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Angelica, huab ua yeeb yam yog qee zaum hais nyob rau hauv kev hais exclamations yam tsis muaj lub suab.

Ib tug ua yeeb yam operas los ntawm Lavxias teb sab composers.

Cov kws sau ntawv Lavxias zoo nkauj tau tsim ntau yam zoo nkauj ib qho kev ua yeeb yam ntawm ntau yam. Feem ntau ntawm lawv cov creation yog nyob rau hauv lyrical-dramatic los yog lyrical kev taw qhia (piv txwv li, "Boyaryna Vera Sheloga" los ntawm NA Rimsky-Korsakov, "Iolanta" los ntawm Tchaikovsky, "Aleko" los ntawm Rachmaninov, thiab lwm yam), tab sis kuj yog ib tug me me daim ntawv. comic opera - Tsis txawv. IF Stravinsky tau sau ib qho kev ua yeeb yam hauv ib qho yeeb yam raws li Pushkin zaj paj huam "Lub Tsev Me hauv Kolomna," uas pleev xim rau lub xeev Russia thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.

Tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub opera, Parasha, hnav nws tus hlub, dashing hussar, ua noj, Mavra, thiaj li yuav muaj peev xwm nrog nws thiab lull cov kev xav ntawm nws niam nruj. Thaum qhov kev dag ntxias tau tshwm sim, "ua noj" khiav tawm ntawm lub qhov rais, thiab Parasha khiav tawm tom qab. Lub originality ntawm lub opera "Mavra" yog muab los ntawm cov khoom muaj yeeb yuj: lub intonations ntawm lub nroog sentimental romance, ib tug gypsy song, ib tug operatic aria-lamento, seev cev rhythms, thiab tag nrho cov suab paj nruas kaleidoscope yog muab tso rau hauv lub parody-grotesque channel. ua haujlwm.

Me me operas.

Ib qho kev ua yeeb yam yog qhov zoo rau cov menyuam yaus txoj kev xav. Classical composers sau ntau luv luv operas rau cov me nyuam. Lawv kav los ntawm 35 feeb mus rau me ntsis tshaj li ib teev. M. Ravel tig mus rau cov menyuam yaus ua yeeb yam hauv ib qho yeeb yam. Nws tau tsim ib txoj haujlwm ntxim nyiam, "Tus Me Nyuam thiab Khawv koob," hais txog tus tub tsis saib xyuas uas tsis kam npaj nws cov ntawv ua tom tsev, ua si pranks rau nws niam. Tej yam uas nws ua rau nws ua rau muaj txoj sia nyob thiab ua rau tus neeg phem.

Mam li nco dheev tus ntxhais huabtais tshwm los ntawm nplooj ntawv, thuam tus tub thiab ploj mus. Cov ntawv nyeem tsis tu ncua hais kom ntxub cov haujlwm rau nws. Ua si kittens tshwm sim, thiab Tus Me Nyuam maj nrawm tom qab lawv mus rau hauv lub vaj. Ntawm no cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu thiab txawm tias nag los nag uas ua rau nws yws yws txog qhov prankster me ntsis. Cov neeg ua txhaum xav pib sib ntaus sib tua, xav ua pauj rau tus tub, tab sis tam sim ntawd lawv pib sib cav ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tus me nyuam ntshai hu niam. Thaum tus Squirrel poob ntawm nws ob txhais taw, tus me nyuam tub qhwv nws lub paw mob thiab ntog tag. Sawv daws to taub tias tus me nyuam tau txhim kho. Cov neeg koom nrog cov xwm txheej tuaj tos nws, nqa nws mus rau hauv tsev thiab hu rau niam.

Cov suab paj nruag siv los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yog fashionable nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. Boston waltz thiab foxtrot seev cev muab qhov zoo sib xws rau cov suab paj nruag stylized thiab pastoral ntu. Cov khoom coj los rau hauv lub neej yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntsiab lus instrumental, thiab cov cim uas muaj kev khuv leej rau tus menyuam tau muab cov suab paj nruag zoo nkauj. Ravel liberally siv onomatopoeia (tus miv snorting thiab meowing, croaking ntawm Qav, ntaus lub moos thiab lub nplhaib ntawm lub khob tawg, fluttering ntawm noog tis, thiab lwm yam).

Lub opera muaj lub zog zoo nkauj. Lub duet ntawm lub rooj zaum tsis txaus ntseeg thiab lub rooj zaum ntxim hlub yog xim ci ntsa iab - nyob rau hauv kev sib dhos ntawm lub minuet, thiab Duet ntawm khob thiab Teapot yog foxtrot hauv hom pentatonic. Lub grotesque, assertive chorus thiab seev cev ntawm cov duab yog ntse, nrog ib tug palpable galloping atherosclerosis. Qhov thib ob scene ntawm lub opera yog characterized los ntawm ntau wltzing - los ntawm loj elegiac mus rau comic.