Nikolay Nikolaevich Cherepnin (Nikolai Tcherepnin) |

Nikolai Tcherepnin

Muaj tag nrho lub ntiaj teb, ciaj sia, ntau haiv neeg, Khawv koob suab thiab npau suav ua khawv koob… F. Tyutchev

Nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 19, 1909, tag nrho cov suab paj nruag Paris txaus siab qhuas tus neeg dhia tes "Pavilion of Armida", uas qhib thawj tus neeg ntaus pob "Lavxias Lub Caij", tsim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias kos duab S. Diaghilev. Cov neeg tsim ntawm "Pavilion of Armida", uas tau ntau xyoo dhau los tau txais lub foothold ntawm lub ballet scenes ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, yog tus naas ej choreographer M. Fokin, artist A. Benois thiab composer thiab conductor N. Cherepnin.

Ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm N. Rimsky-Korsakov, ib tug phooj ywg ze ntawm A. Glazunov thiab A. Lyadov, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm cov neeg paub zoo "World of Art", ib tug kws ntaus nkauj uas tau txais kev lees paub los ntawm ntau yam ntawm nws cov neeg kawm tiav, suav nrog S. Rachmaninov, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, A. Pavlova, Z. Paliashvili, M. Balanchivadze, A. Spendnarov, S. Vasilenko, S. Koussevitzky, M. Ravel, G. Piernet. Sh. Monte thiab lwm tus, - Cherepnin nkag mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. ib nplooj ntawv ci ntsa iab ua tus sau, tus neeg xyuas pib, pianist, xib fwb.

Cherepnin yug hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus kws kho mob uas paub zoo hauv St. Petersburg, tus kws kho mob F. Dostoevsky. Tsev neeg Cherepnin tau txawv los ntawm kev nyiam ua yeeb yam: tus kws sau ntawv txiv paub, piv txwv li, M. Mussorgsky thiab A. Serov. Tcherepnin kawm tiav los ntawm St. Petersburg University (Faculty of Law) thiab St. Petersburg Conservatory (chav kawm ntawm N. Rimsky-Korsakov). Kom txog rau thaum 1921, nws coj ib tug muaj tswv yim lub neej raws li ib tug composer thiab conductor ("Lavxias teb sab Symphony Concertos", concerts ntawm Lavxias teb sab Musical Society, lub caij ntuj sov concerts nyob rau hauv Pavlovsk, "Keeb kwm Concerts" nyob rau hauv Moscow; tus thawj coj ntawm lub Mariinsky Theatre nyob rau hauv St. Opera House hauv Tiflis, xyoo 1909- 14 xyoo tus thawj coj ntawm "Lavxias Lub Caij" hauv Paris, London, Monte Carlo, Rome, Berlin). Tcherepnin qhov kev pab cuam rau suab paj nruag pedagogy yog loj heev. Nyob rau hauv 190518. xib fwb (txij li thaum 1909 xib fwb) ntawm lub St. Petersburg Conservatory, nws nrhiav tau thawj coj nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws cov tub ntxhais kawm – S. Prokofiev, N. Malko, Yu. Shaporin, V. Dranishnikov thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag - mob siab rau cov lus ntawm kev hlub thiab kev ris txiaj rau nws nyob rau hauv lawv cov memoirs.

Tcherepnin cov kev pab cuam rau Georgian suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai kuj zoo heev (nyob rau hauv 1918-21 nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub Tiflis Conservatory, nws ua ib tug symphony thiab opera conductor).

Txij li thaum xyoo 1921, Cherepnin nyob hauv Paris, nrhiav tau Lavxias teb sab Conservatory nyob rau ntawd, koom tes nrog lub ballet theatre ntawm A. Pavlova, thiab mus ncig ua si nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Txoj kev muaj tswv yim ntawm N. Tcherepnin tau siv sijhawm ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo pua thiab tau cim los ntawm kev tsim ntau tshaj 60 opuses ntawm cov suab paj nruag sau, kho thiab hloov kho ntawm lwm tus neeg sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tus composer, sawv cev los ntawm tag nrho cov suab paj nruag ib hom ntawv nyeem, muaj tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv uas cov kev lig kev cai ntawm lub Mighty Handful thiab P. Tchaikovsky txuas ntxiv; tab sis muaj (thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv) tej hauj lwm uas nyob ib sab ntawm cov tshiab artistic tiam sis ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov impressionism. Lawv yog cov qub heev thiab yog ib lo lus tshiab rau Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Tcherepnin lub chaw muaj tswv yim muaj 16 ballets. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - Lub Pavilion ntawm Armida (1907), Narcissus thiab Echo (1911), Daim npog qhov ncauj ntawm Kev Tuag Liab (1915) - tau tsim rau lub caij nyoog Lavxias. Indispensable rau cov kos duab ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua, lub ntsiab lus romantic ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev npau suav thiab kev muaj tiag yog pom nyob rau hauv cov ballets nrog cov yam ntxwv cov txheej txheem uas coj Tcherepnin lub suab paj nruag los ze zog mus rau lub painting ntawm Fabkis impressionists C. Monet, O. Renoir, A. Sisley, thiab los ntawm Lavxias teb sab artists nrog paintings los ntawm ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau "suab paj nruag" artists ntawm lub sij hawm V. Borisov-Musatov. Ib co ntawm Tcherepnin tej hauj lwm yog sau nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab fairy tales (symphonic paj huam "Marya Morevna", "Cov dab neeg ntawm tus ntxhais fuabtais luag", "Tus Enchanted noog, Golden ntses").

Ntawm cov orchestral tej hauj lwm los ntawm Tcherepnin (2 symphonies, Symphonietta nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm N. Rimsky-Korsakov, symphonic paj huam "Fate" (tom qab E. Poe), Variations ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm ib tug tub rog zaj nkauj "Nightingale, nightingale, me noog", Concerto rau piano thiab orchestra, thiab lwm yam) qhov nthuav tshaj plaws yog nws cov haujlwm ua haujlwm: symphonic prelude "Tus Ntxhais fuabtais ntawm Npau Suav" (tom qab E. Rostand), symphonic paj huam "Macbeth" (tom qab W. Shakespeare), symphonic duab "Lub Enchanted Lub Nceeg Vaj” (mus rau zaj dab neeg ntawm Firebird), kev ua yeeb yam "Los ntawm ntug mus rau ntug" (raws li tsab xov xwm philosophical ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm F. Tyutchev), "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Neeg Nkoj thiab Ntses" (raws li A . Pushkin).

Sau txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub 30s. cov operas Tus Matchmaker (raws li A. Ostrovsky qhov kev ua si Poverty Tsis yog Tus Lwm Thawj) thiab Vanka tus Key Keeper (raws li kev ua si ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm F. Sologub) yog ib qho piv txwv nthuav qhia txog cov txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm kev sau suab paj nruag rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem. ntawm pej xeem nkauj opera tsoos rau Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag XX nyob rau hauv.

Cherepnin tau ua tiav ntau yam hauv cantata-oratorio hom ("Suab ntawm Sappho" thiab ntau ntawm sab ntsuj plig ua haujlwm cappella, suav nrog "Virgin's Passage through Torment" rau cov ntawv ntawm pej xeem cov paj huam ntawm sab ntsuj plig, thiab lwm yam) thiab nyob rau hauv choral hom ("Hmo ntuj. " nyob rau st. V. Yuryeva-Drentelna, "Cov Nkauj Laus" ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb ntawm A. Koltsov, hu nkauj ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm Cov Neeg Lub Siab nyiam I. Palmina ("Tsis txhob quaj rau lub cev tuag ntawm cov neeg tua rog") thiab I. Nikitin (“Lub Sijhawm txav mus qeeb”). Cherepnin cov suab nkauj (ntau dua 100 romances) npog ntau yam ntawm cov ncauj lus thiab cov phiaj xwm - los ntawm cov lus hais txog kev xav ("Trumpet suab" ntawm D. Merezhkovsky chaw nres tsheb, "Thoughts and Waves" on F. Tyutchev qhov chaw nres tsheb) rau cov duab ntawm xwm ("Twilight" los ntawm F. Tyutchev), los ntawm refined stylization ntawm Lavxias teb sab nkauj ("Wreath rau Gorodetsky") mus rau fairy tales ("Fairy Tales" los ntawm K. Balmont).

Ntawm lwm cov haujlwm los ntawm Cherepnin, ib tus yuav tsum hais txog nws lub piano zoo "ABC hauv Cov Duab" nrog cov duab kos los ntawm A. Benois, String Quartet, quartets rau plaub horns thiab lwm yam khoom siv rau ntau yam kev sau. Cherepnin kuj yog tus sau orchestrations thiab editions ntawm ntau tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag (Melnik lub Sorcerer, Deceiver thiab Matchmaker los ntawm M. Sokolovsky, Sorochinsky Fair los ntawm M. Mussorgsky, thiab lwm yam).

Tau ntau xyoo lawm, Tcherepnin lub npe tsis tshwm sim hauv kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev hais kwv txhiaj, thiab nws cov haujlwm tsis tau luam tawm. Hauv qhov no nws tau qhia txog txoj hmoo ntawm ntau tus kws kos duab Lavxias uas tau mus txawv tebchaws tom qab lub kiv puag ncig. Tam sim no tus composer txoj hauj lwm tau thaum kawg coj nws txoj cai qhov chaw nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai; ob peb symphonic qhab nia thiab ib phau ntawv ntawm nws cov memoirs tau luam tawm, Sonatina op. 61 rau cua, percussion thiab xylophone, tus masterpiece ntawm N. Tcherepnin thiab M. Fokine, lub ballet "Pavilion of Armida" yog tos rau nws lub rooj txhawb siab.

Hais txog. Tompakova