Nikolaus Harnoncourt |

Nicholas Harnoncourt

Nikolaus Harnoncourt, tus thawj coj, cellist, philosopher thiab musicologist, yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb cov nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruas lub neej ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab lub ntiaj teb no.

Suav Johann Nicolaus de la Fontaine thiab d'Harnoncourt - Tsis ntshai (Johann Nicolaus Graf de la Fontaine und d'Harnoncourt-Unverzagt) - cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Crusader knights thiab kws sau paj lug, diplomats thiab politicians ntawm tsev neeg Harnoncourt tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm European txij li xyoo pua 14th. Ntawm leej niam, Arnoncourt muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog tsev neeg Habsburg, tab sis tus thawj coj zoo tsis xav txog nws qhov keeb kwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Nws yug hauv Berlin, loj hlob hauv Graz, kawm hauv Salzburg thiab Vienna.

Antipodes Karayana

Thawj ib nrab ntawm lub suab paj nruag lub neej ntawm Nikolaus Harnoncourt dhau los ntawm kos npe ntawm Herbert von Karajan. Xyoo 1952, Karajan tus kheej tau caw tus neeg muaj hnub nyoog 23 xyoos los koom nrog Vienna Symphony Orchestra (Wiener Symphoniker) ces coj los ntawm nws. "Kuv yog ib tug ntawm plaub caug tus neeg sib tw rau lub rooj zaum no," Harnoncourt nco qab. "Karayan tam sim ntawd pom kuv thiab ntxhi rau tus thawj coj ntawm lub suab paj nruag, hais tias qhov no tsim nyog tau txais rau txoj kev nws coj."

Lub xyoo nyob rau hauv lub orchestra tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau nws hauv nws lub neej (nws tsuas yog tawm hauv xyoo 1969, thaum muaj hnub nyoog plaub caug xyoo, nws pib ua haujlwm hnyav ua tus thawj coj). Txoj cai uas Karajan tau ua raws li kev sib raug zoo nrog Harnoncourt, tus neeg sib tw, pom meej qhov kev xav ntawm nws tus yeej yav tom ntej, tuaj yeem hu ua kev tsim txom: piv txwv li, nws tau teeb tsa hauv Salzburg thiab Vienna: "Kuv, lossis nws."

Kev pom zoo Musikus: chamber kiv puag ncig

Xyoo 1953, Nikolaus Harnoncourt thiab nws tus poj niam Alice, tus kws ntaus nkauj ua yeeb yam hauv tib lub suab paj nruag, thiab ntau tus phooj ywg tau tsim lub Concentus Musicus Wien pawg. Cov pawg, uas thawj nees nkaum xyoo sib sau ua ke rau rehearsals nyob rau hauv lub kos duab chav tsev ntawm Arnoncourts, pib xyaum ua tej yam nrog lub suab: ancient instruments raug xauj los ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, cov qhab nia thiab lwm qhov chaw tau kawm.

Thiab qhov tseeb: "dab ntxwg nyoog" suab paj nruag qub tau suab hauv txoj kev tshiab. Ib txoj hauv kev tshiab tau muab lub neej tshiab rau kev tsis nco qab thiab tsis nco qab ntau dhau. Nws txoj kev hloov pauv ntawm "kev paub txog keeb kwm kev txhais lus" tau tsa suab paj nruag ntawm Renaissance thiab Baroque eras. "Txhua lub suab paj nruag yuav tsum muaj nws tus kheej lub suab", yog lub credo ntawm Harnoncourt tus kws ntaus nkauj. Leej txiv ntawm qhov tseeb, nws tus kheej yeej tsis siv lo lus tsis muaj tseeb.

Bach, Beethoven, Gershwin

Arnoncourt xav tias thoob ntiaj teb, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas nws tau ua tiav hauv kev koom tes nrog lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws orchestras suav nrog Beethoven symphony cycle, Monteverdi opera cycle, Bach cantata cycle (ua ke nrog Gustav Leonhard). Harnoncourt yog thawj tus neeg txhais lus ntawm Verdi thiab Janacek. Tus "txoj kev sawv rov los" ntawm lub suab paj nruag thaum ntxov, ntawm nws lub hnub yug yim caum nws tau muab nws tus kheej ua yeeb yam ntawm Gershwin's Porgy thiab Bess.

Harnoncourt tus kws sau keeb kwm Monica Mertl ib zaug tau sau tias nws, zoo li nws nyiam hero Don Quixote, zoo li niaj hnub nug nws tus kheej cov lus nug: "Zoo, qhov twg yog qhov kev ua yeeb yam tom ntej?"

Anastasia Rakhmanova, dw.com