Naum Lvovich Shtarkman |

Naum Sharkman

Lub tsev kawm ntawv Igumnovskaya tau muab peb cov kab lis kev cai pianistic ntau tus kws tshaj lij. Cov npe ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv zoo, qhov tseeb, kaw Naum Shtarkman. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm KN Igumnov, nws tsis pib tsiv mus rau lwm chav kawm thiab nyob rau hauv 1949 nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub Moscow Conservatory, raws li nws yog kev cai hais nyob rau hauv xws li mob, "ntawm nws tus kheej". Yog li ntawd, tus kws qhia ntawv tsis tas yuav, hmoov tsis, zoo siab rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm nws tus tsiaj. Thiab tsis ntev lawv tuaj txog…

Nws tuaj yeem hais tias Shtarkman (tsis zoo li feem ntau ntawm nws cov npoj yaig) tau nkag mus rau tam sim no txoj kev sib tw ua haujlwm raws li tus kws ntaus nkauj zoo. Tom qab qhov khoom plig thib tsib ntawm Kev Sib Tw Chopin hauv Warsaw (1955), xyoo 1957 nws yeej qhov khoom plig siab tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Sib Tw Thoob Ntiaj Teb hauv Lisbon thiab, thaum kawg, tau los ua tus thib peb tus yeej ntawm Tchaikovsky Kev Sib Tw (1958). Tag nrho cov kev vam meej no tsuas yog paub tseeb tias nws lub koob npe nrov zoo nkauj.

Qhov no yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub koob npe nrov ntawm ib tug lyricist, txawm ib tug refined lyricist, uas yog tus tswv ntawm lub suab piano, ib tug paub tab tus tswv uas muaj peev xwm kom meej meej thiab meej qhia lub architectonics ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm, nobly thiab logically tsim ib tug ua txoj kab. "Nws qhov xwm txheej," sau G. Tsypin, " tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ze rau qhov zoo nkauj thiab xav txog lub siab, languidly elegiac, fanned los ntawm ib tug nyias thiab maj mam melancholic haze. Nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov ntawm xws li kev xav thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws lub xeev, nws yog tiag tiag tiag tiag tiag tiag tiag tiag tiag thiab tiag tiag. Thiab, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tus pianist dhau los ua ib qho kev ua yeeb yam sab nraud thiab yog li ntawd tsis yog qhov kev ntseeg siab qhov twg, kev qhia hnyav nkag mus rau hauv lub suab paj nruag.

Tseeb, Shtarkman's wide repertoire (ntau tshaj peb caug piano concertos ib leeg) nplua nuj sawv cev, hais tias, tej hauj lwm ntawm Liszt, Chopin, Schumann, Rachmaninov. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv lawv cov suab paj nruag nws nyiam tsis yog los ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, ua yeeb yam lossis kev tsim txiaj, tab sis los ntawm cov paj huam mos, kev npau suav. Kwv yees li tib yam tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau nws cov kev txhais ntawm Tchaikovsky lub suab paj nruag, uas nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tiav hauv toj roob hauv pes sketches ntawm Plaub Caij. "Cov tswv yim ua yeeb yam ntawm Shtarkman," V. Delson tau hais tias, "ua tiav mus txog thaum kawg, embossed ob qho tib si hauv kev kos duab thiab kev tsim txiaj. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kws ntaus piano ua si - sau, ua kom pom tseeb, muaj tseeb hauv suab thiab cov lus - yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws qhov kev nyiam rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm daim ntawv, yas molding ntawm tag nrho thiab cov ntsiab lus. Nws tsis yog lub monumentality, tsis yog lub splendor ntawm kev tsim kho, thiab tsis yog lub showiness ntawm lub bravura uas ntxias Shtarkman, txawm lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug muaj zog virtuoso txawj. Kev xav, kev xav lub siab dawb paug, lub siab zoo sab hauv - qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov zoo nkauj ntawm tus kws ntaus nkauj no.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog Shtarkman txoj kev txhais ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm Bach, Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, ces nws yog tsim nyog los nco qab txog tus cwj pwm uas muab rau lub laureate ntawm lub Moscow kev sib tw los ntawm EG Gilels: "Nws ua si yog txawv los ntawm zoo artistic tag nrho thiab kev xav. ” Shtarkman feem ntau ua si Fabkis Impressionists. Tus pianist ua Claude Debussy's "Suite Bergamasco" tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tiav thiab nkag mus.

Tus artist lub repertoire suav nrog, ntawm chav kawm, suab paj nruag Soviet. Nrog rau cov khoom nto moo los ntawm S. Prokofiev thiab D. Kabalevsky, Shtarkman kuj ua yeeb yam Concerto ntawm Arabic cov ntsiab lus los ntawm F. Amirov thiab E. Nazirova, piano concertos los ntawm G. Gasanov, E. Golubev (No. 2).

Shtarkman tau ntev tau koob meej raws li thawj chav kawm chopinist. Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas tus kws kos duab yav tsaus ntuj tau mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Polish genius invariably nyiam cov neeg tuaj saib tshwj xeeb nrog kev nkag mus tob rau hauv tus neeg sau lub tswv yim.

N. Sokolov qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ib qho ntawm cov yav tsaus ntuj no hais tias: “Tus pianist no yog ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, uas tuaj yeem raug hu ua kev kawm txog kev hlub. Shtarkman sib txuas cov kev txhawj xeeb khib nyiab rau kev purity ntawm kev txawj ntse nrog ib qho kev xav tsis thoob rau lub siab xav thiab kev xav ntawm lub suab paj nruag duab. Lub sijhawm no, tus kws tshaj lij tau pom qhov muaj yeeb yuj me ntsis tab sis zoo nkauj heev kov, kev paub txog piano gradations, zoo kawg nkaus lightness thiab ceev nyob rau hauv legato passages, nyob rau hauv carpal staccato, nyob rau hauv peb, nyob rau hauv ob daim ntawv ntawm alternating intervals thiab lwm yam ntau yam ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo. Ob leeg nyob rau hauv Ballad thiab lwm yam los ntawm Chopin ua rau yav tsaus ntuj, Shtarkman txo qhov ntau ntawm cov dynamics mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws, ua tsaug rau Chopin lub siab lyric paj huam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws thawj purity, dim ntawm txhua yam superfluous thiab vain. Lub siab zoo ntawm tus kws kos duab, qhov kev xav zoo ntawm kev nkag siab yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tag nrho subordinated mus rau ib tug super-ua hauj lwm - los qhia qhov tob, muaj peev xwm ntawm lub composer lub lyrical nqe lus nrog lub siab tshaj plaws stinginess ntawm kev nthuav qhia txhais tau tias. Tus neeg ua yeeb yam ci ntsa iab tiv nrog txoj haujlwm nyuaj tshaj plaws no.

Shtarkman tau ua yeeb yam ntawm theem kev hais kwv txhiaj rau ntau tshaj plaub xyoo lawm. Lub sijhawm ua rau qee qhov kev hloov kho rau nws qhov kev nyiam muaj tswv yim, thiab qhov tseeb rau nws qhov ua tau zoo. Tus kws ua yeeb yam muaj ntau yam kev pabcuam ntawm nws qhov kev pov tseg - Beethoven, Liszt, Chopin, Schumann, Tchaikovsky. Rau daim ntawv teev npe no peb tuaj yeem ntxiv lub npe Schubert, uas nws cov nkauj tau pom tus neeg txhais lus tsis meej pem ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm tus pianist. Shtarkman qhov kev txaus siab hauv kev ua suab paj nruag ua suab paj nruag tau nce ntau dua. Yav dhau los nws tau ua ke nrog cov neeg hu nkauj, violinists, nrog cov quartets npe tom qab Borodin, Taneyev, Prokofiev. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nws kev koom tes nrog tus neeg hu nkauj K. Lisovsky tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb (cov haujlwm ntawm Beethoven, Schumann, Tchaikovsky). Raws li kev hloov pauv kev txhais lus, nws tsim nyog hais cov lus los ntawm A. Lyubitsky qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj, uas Shtarkman ua kev zoo siab rau 30th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev ua yeeb yam: "Tus pianist kev ua si yog qhov txawv ntawm kev xav puv, sab hauv siab. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus lyrical, uas qhia meej meej hauv kev kos duab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Shtarkman, tau khaws nws qhov tseem ceeb niaj hnub no, tab sis tau dhau los ua qhov sib txawv. Tsis muaj rhiab heev, reticence, softness nyob rau hauv nws. Kev zoo siab, ua yeeb yam yog organically ua ke nrog kev thaj yeeb ntawm lub siab. Shtarkman tam sim no muab qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev hais lus, intonational expressiveness, thiab ua tib zoo ua kom tiav cov ntsiab lus.

Xibfwb (txij li xyoo 1990) ntawm Moscow Conservatory. Txij li thaum xyoo 1992 nws tau ua tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Jewish Academy lub npe hu ua Maimonides.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1990