Luciano Berio |

Kev Luciano Berio

Italian composer, conductor thiab xib fwb. Nrog rau Boulez thiab Stockhausen, nws yog tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws avant-garde composers ntawm tiam tom qab tsov rog.

Yug hauv 1925 hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag hauv nroog Imperia (Liguria cheeb tsam). Tom qab ua tsov ua rog, nws tau kawm txog kev sib xyaw ntawm Milan Conservatory nrog Giulio Cesare Paribeni thiab Giorgio Federico Ghedini, thiab ua nrog Carlo Maria Giulini. Thaum nws ua haujlwm ua pianist-accompanist ntawm cov chav kawm suab, nws tau ntsib Katie Berberian, tus neeg hu nkauj Asmeskas ntawm Armenian keeb kwm nrog ntau lub suab txawv txawv, uas tau paub ntau yam kev hu nkauj. Nws tau los ua thawj tus poj niam ntawm tus kws sau nkauj, nws lub suab tshwj xeeb tau tshoov nws lub siab xav nrhiav hauv suab paj nruag. Xyoo 1951 nws tau mus xyuas Tebchaws Meskas, qhov chaw nws kawm ntawm Tanglewood Music Center nrog Luigi Dallapiccola, uas tau txhawb nqa Berio qhov kev txaus siab rau New Vienna School thiab dodecaphony. Xyoo 1954-59. tau mus kawm Darmstadt cov chav kawm, qhov chaw nws ntsib Boulez, Stockhausen, Kagel, Ligeti thiab lwm tus neeg sau ntawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas European avant-garde. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, nws tau tsiv tawm ntawm Darmstadt technocracy; nws txoj hauj lwm pib tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev sim ua yeeb yam, neo-folklorism, lub zog ntawm surrealism, absurdism thiab structuralism pib nce nyob rau hauv nws - tshwj xeeb, xws li cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg xav li James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, Claude Levi-Strauss, Umberto Eco. Noj cov suab paj nruag hluav taws xob, xyoo 1955 Berio tau tsim lub Studio of Musical Phonology hauv Milan, qhov chaw uas nws tau caw cov kws sau nkauj nrov, tshwj xeeb, John Cage thiab Henri Pousseur. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws pib tshaj tawm cov ntawv xov xwm hais txog hluav taws xob hu ua "Musical Meetings" (Incontri Musicali).

Xyoo 1960 nws rov qab mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, qhov chaw nws yog thawj "suab paj nruag nyob" hauv Tanglewood thiab tib lub sijhawm qhia hauv Dartington International Summer School (1960-62), tom qab ntawd qhia hauv Mills College hauv Oakland, California (1962 -65), thiab tom qab no - ntawm Juilliard Tsev Kawm Ntawv hauv New York (1965-72), qhov uas nws nrhiav tau Juilliard Ensemble (Juilliard Ensemble) ntawm cov suab paj nruag kawm. Xyoo 1968, Berio's Symphony tau nthuav tawm hauv New York nrog kev ua tiav zoo. Nyob rau hauv 1974-80 nws tau coj lub department ntawm electro-acoustic suab paj nruag ntawm Paris lub koom haum rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev koom tes ntawm acoustics thiab suab paj nruag (IRCAM), nrhiav tau los ntawm Boulez. Xyoo 1987 nws nrhiav tau ib lub chaw suab paj nruag zoo sib xws hauv Florence hu ua Real Time (Tempo Reale). Nyob rau hauv 1993-94 nws tau muab ib tug series ntawm lectures nyob rau hauv Harvard University, thiab nyob rau hauv 1994-2000 nws yog ib tug "sib txawv composer nyob rau hauv lub tsev" ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no. Xyoo 2000, Berio tau los ua Thawj Tswj Hwm thiab Tus Thawj Coj ntawm National Academy ntawm Santa Cecilia hauv Rome. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog no, tus composer tuag nyob rau hauv 2003.

Berio lub suab paj nruag yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv cov txuj ci sib xyaw, suav nrog ob qho tib si atonal thiab neotonal ntsiab lus, hais lus thiab cov tswv yim collage. Nws ua ke cov suab paj nruag nrog cov suab nrov hauv hluav taws xob thiab cov suab ntawm tib neeg hais lus, hauv xyoo 1960 nws tau mob siab rau kev sim ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Levi-Strauss, nws tig mus rau lus dab neeg: qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev nyiam no yog "Folk Songs" (1964), sau rau Berberyan. Ib hom ntawv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Berio yog ib qho ntawm "Sequences" (Sequenza), txhua tus tau sau rau ib qho cuab yeej solo (los yog lub suab - zoo li Sequenza III, tsim rau Berberian). Nyob rau hauv lawv, tus composer combines tshiab composing tswv yim nrog tshiab ncua kev ua si hom ntawm cov twj paj nruag. Raws li Stockhausen tsim nws "keyboards" thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, yog li Berio tsim xyoo 1958 ua haujlwm hauv hom no los ntawm 2002 txog 14, xav txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm nws lub sijhawm muaj tswv yim.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1970, Berio's style tau hloov pauv: cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev xav thiab nostalgia tau nce ntxiv hauv nws cov suab paj nruag. Tom qab ntawd, tus composer tau mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau opera. Qhov tseem ceeb hauv nws txoj haujlwm yog kev npaj los ntawm lwm tus kws sau nkauj - lossis cov nkauj uas nws nkag mus rau hauv kev sib tham nrog lwm tus neeg cov khoom siv suab paj nruag. Berio yog tus sau orchestras thiab transcriptions los ntawm Monteverdi, Boccherini, Manuel de Falla, Kurt Weill. Nws muaj qhov ua tiav versions ntawm Mozart's operas (Zaida) thiab Puccini's (Turandot), nrog rau "kev sib tham" muaj pes tsawg leeg raws li cov seem ntawm qhov pib tab sis tsis tiav lig Schubert symphony hauv D loj (DV 936A) txoj cai "Txo" (Rendering, 1990).

Nyob rau hauv 1966 nws tau txais nqi zog ntawm Ltalis, tom qab ntawd - Order of Merit ntawm Italian koom pheej. Nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Royal Academy of Music (London, 1988), tus tswv cuab txawv teb chaws ntawm American Academy of Arts thiab Sciences (1994), tus neeg qhuas ntawm Ernst von Siemens Music Prize (1989).

Tau qhov twg los: meloman.ru