Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin (Kirill Kondrashin) |

Kirill Kondrashin

Cov Neeg Artist ntawm USSR (1972). Lub suab paj nruag puag ncig lub neej yav tom ntej artist txij thaum yau. Nws niam nws txiv yog kws ntaus suab paj nruag thiab ua si hauv ntau lub orchestras. (Nws yog qhov xav paub tias Kondrashin niam, A. Tanina, yog thawj tus poj niam sib tw hauv Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra hauv xyoo 1918.) Thaum xub thawj nws ntaus piano (tsev kawm suab paj nruag, VV Stasov technical school), tab sis thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum xya nws. txiav txim siab los ua ib tug neeg xyuas pib thiab nkag mus rau hauv Moscow Conservatory. Tsib xyoos tom qab, nws kawm tiav chav Conservatory hauv chav kawm B. Khaikin. Txawm tias ua ntej, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag horizons tau yooj yim heev los ntawm cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo, polyphony thiab tsom xam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nrog N. Zhilyaev.

Thawj cov kauj ruam ywj pheej ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam tau txuas nrog Musical Theatre muaj npe tom qab VI Nemirovich-Danchenko. Thaum xub thawj nws ua si percussion instruments nyob rau hauv lub orchestra, thiab nyob rau hauv 1934 nws ua nws debut raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib - nyob rau hauv nws cov kev taw qhia yog lub operetta "Corneville Tswb" los ntawm Plunket, thiab me ntsis tom qab ntawd "Cio-Cio-san" los ntawm Puccini.

Tsis ntev tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, Kondrashin raug caw mus rau Leningrad Maly Opera Theatre (1937), uas tom qab ntawd coj los ntawm nws tus kws qhia, B. Khaikin. Ntawm no tsim cov duab muaj tswv yim ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib txuas ntxiv mus. Nws ua tiav nrog cov haujlwm nyuaj. Tom qab thawj zaug ua haujlwm ywj pheej hauv A. Pashchenko's Opera "Pompadours", nws tau tso siab rau ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm classical thiab niaj hnub repertoire: "Lub tshoob ntawm Figaro", "Boris Godunov", "Buttered Bride", "Tosca", ". Ntxhais los ntawm sab hnub poob", "Quiet Don".

Xyoo 1938 Kondrashin tau koom nrog Thawj Pawg Thawj Coj Kev Sib Tw. Nws tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj thib ob. Qhov no yog ib qho kev vam meej tsis muaj kev vam meej rau nees nkaum plaub-xyoo-laus tus kws kos duab, muab tias cov yeej ntawm kev sib tw twb tau tsim cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag.

Nyob rau hauv 1943 Kondrashin nkag mus rau lub Bolshoi Theatre ntawm lub USSR. Lub theatrical repertoire ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib nthuav dav ntau dua. Pib ntawm no nrog "Lub Snow Maiden" los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov, nws tom qab ntawd tso rau "The Bartered Bride" los ntawm Smetana, "Pebble" los ntawm Monyushko, "The Force of the Enemy" los ntawm Serov, "Bela" los ntawm An. Alexandrova. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, Kondrashin pib gravitate ntau thiab ntau dua rau kev coj ua symphonic. Nws coj Moscow Youth Symphony Orchestra, uas xyoo 1949 yeej Grand Prix ntawm Budapest Festival.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1956, Kondrashin tau mob siab rau nws tus kheej nkaus rau kev ua yeeb yam. Tom qab ntawd nws tsis muaj nws lub suab paj nruag mus tas li. Hauv kev ncig xyuas txhua xyoo hauv lub tebchaws, nws yuav tsum tau ua nrog ntau pawg; nrog qee tus nws koom tes tsis tu ncua. Ua tsaug rau nws txoj haujlwm nyuaj, piv txwv li, orchestras xws li Gorky, Novosibirsk, Voronezh tau txhim kho lawv cov qib kev tshaj lij. Ib thiab ib nrab lub hlis ua haujlwm ntawm Kondrashin nrog Pyongyang Orchestra hauv DPRK kuj coj tau zoo heev.

Twb tau nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij Soviet cov kws tshaj lij txaus siab ua yeeb yam hauv ib pawg nrog Kondrashin ua tus thawj coj. Tshwj xeeb, D. Oistrakh muab nws lub voj voog "Kev Tsim Kho ntawm Violin Concerto", thiab E. Gilels ua si tag nrho tsib ntawm Beethoven lub concertos. Kondrashin kuj tau nrog rau qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev sib tw thawj International Tchaikovsky (1958). Tsis ntev nws "duet" nrog tus yeej ntawm kev sib tw piano Van Cliburn tau hnov ​​​​hauv Asmeskas thiab Askiv. Yog li Kondrashin tau los ua thawj tus thawj coj ntawm Soviet ua yeeb yam hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws yuav tsum tau rov ua yeeb yam hauv cov theem kev hais kwv txhiaj thoob ntiaj teb.

Cov theem tshiab thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Kondrashin txoj kev ua yeeb yam tau pib xyoo 1960, thaum nws coj Moscow Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, nws tswj coj pab neeg no mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm artistic frontiers. Qhov no siv rau ob qho tib si kev ua tau zoo thiab repertoire ntau yam. Feem ntau hais lus nrog cov khoos kas classical, Kondrashin tsom ntsoov rau nws cov suab paj nruag tam sim no. Nws "nrhiav" D. Shostakovich lub Plaub Symphony, sau rov qab nyob rau hauv lub thib peb caug xyoo. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws sau nkauj tau tso siab rau nws nrog thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj Symphony thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Stepan Razin. Nyob rau hauv lub 60s, Kondrashin nthuav cov neeg tuaj saib nrog tej hauj lwm ntawm G. Sviridov, M. Weinberg, R. Shchedrin, B. Tchaikovsky thiab lwm yam Soviet sau ntawv.

"Peb yuav tsum them se rau Kondrashin lub siab tawv thiab kev ua siab ntev, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, kev xav ntawm lub suab paj nruag thiab saj," sau hais thuam M. Sokolsky. "Nws ua raws li ib tug neeg txawj ntse, dav-lub siab thiab muaj siab rau Soviet artist, raws li ib tug passionate propagandist ntawm Soviet creativity. Thiab nyob rau hauv no muaj tswv yim, bold artistic sim ntawm nws, nws tau txais kev txhawb los ntawm lub orchestra, uas dais lub npe ntawm lub Moscow Philharmonic ... Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv lub Philharmonic Orchestra, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Kondrashin lub txuj ci zoo tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ci ntsa iab thiab dav nthuav tawm. Kuv xav hu qhov txuj ci no ua phem. Impulsiveness, impetuous kev xav, ntxiv rau sharpened ua explosions thiab climaxes, rau khaus expressiveness, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas Kondrashin, tau tseem yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm Kondrashin cov kos duab niaj hnub no. Tsuas yog hnub no lub sij hawm tau los rau nws mus rau ib tug zoo kawg thiab loj hlob.

References: R. Glaser. Kirill Kondrashin. "SM", 1963, No. 5. Razhnikov V., "K. Kondrashin hais txog suab paj nruag thiab lub neej", M., 1989.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969