Yuav ua li cas kawm improvise ntawm lub piano: cov tswv yim improvisation

Nyob zoo rau koj, nyob zoo tus nyeem ntawv. Hauv tsab xov xwm luv luv no peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas kawm txog kev improvise: peb yuav sib tham txog qee cov ntsiab lus dav dav thiab saib cov tswv yim ntawm improvisation hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog piano.

Feem ntau, improvisation yog kab tias ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis meej thiab tsis meej hauv cov suab paj nruag. Raws li koj paub, lo lus no hais txog kev sau suab paj nruag ncaj qha thaum nws tab tom ua si, hauv lwm lo lus, kev ua yeeb yam ib txhij thiab kev sib xyaw.

Tau kawg, tsis yog txhua tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag paub cov txheej txheem ntawm improvisation (tam sim no, feem ntau yog jazz musicians, composers thiab cov neeg uas nrog cov neeg hu nkauj tuaj yeem ua qhov no), qhov kev lag luam no nkag mus rau txhua tus neeg siv. Qee cov txheej txheem improvisation tau tsim thiab sib sau ua ke imperceptibly, nrog rau kev sib sau ntawm kev paub.

Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb rau improvisation?

Ntawm no peb sau cia: lub ntsiab lus, kev sib haum xeeb, kev sib dhos, kev ntxhib los mos, daim ntawv, hom thiab style. Tam sim no cia peb nthuav dav qhov peb xav qhia rau koj hauv me ntsis ntxiv:

1. Lub xub ntiag ntawm lub ntsiab lus lossis kab sib chaws sib haum xeeb, nyob rau hauv uas lub piano improvisation yuav tsim yog tsis tsim nyog, tab sis ntshaw (rau lub ntsiab lus); nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm ancient suab paj nruag (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub Baroque), lub ntsiab rau improvisation tau muab rau tus neeg ua yeeb yam los ntawm ib tug neeg sab nrauv - ib tug kawm composer, ua yeeb yam los yog ib tug unlearned mloog.
2. Qhov yuav tsum tau ua suab paj nruag, uas yog, muab nws ib yam ntawm cov suab paj nruag cov ntaub ntawv - koj muaj peev xwm, ntawm chav kawm, improvise endlessly, tab sis koj mloog yuav pib nkees, raws li zoo raws li koj lub tswv yim - tsis muaj leej twg xav mloog kwv yees li tib yam peb zaug thiab nws tsis txaus siab ua si (ntawm chav kawm, yog tias koj tsis improvise nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm verses los yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug rondo).
3. Xaiv ib hom ntawv nyeem - uas yog, hom suab paj nruag ua haujlwm uas koj yuav tsom mus rau. Koj muaj peev xwm improvise nyob rau hauv hom waltz, los yog nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj hom, koj muaj peev xwm, thaum ua si, tuaj nrog ib tug mazurka, los yog koj tuaj yeem tuaj nrog opera aria. Lub ntsiab lus yog tib yam - waltz yuav tsum yog waltz, lub peb hlis ntuj yuav tsum zoo ib yam li lub peb hlis ntuj, thiab mazurka yuav tsum yog ib tug super-mazurka nrog tag nrho cov yam ntxwv uas yog vim nws (ntawm no yog ib lo lus nug ntawm daim ntawv, kev sib haum xeeb, thiab rhythm).
4. Kev xaiv xaiv kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb txhais. Style yog ib hom suab paj nruag. Wb hais tias Tchaikovsky's Waltz thiab Chopin's Waltz tsis yog tib yam, thiab nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau confuse lub suab paj nruag lub sij hawm Schubert nrog lub suab paj nruag lub sij hawm ntawm Rachmaninov (ntawm no peb hais txawv composer style). Ntawm no, ib yam nkaus, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov lus qhia - txhawm rau ua kom zoo li qee tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag nto moo, tus kws sau nkauj (tsis tas yuav parody - qhov no yog qhov sib txawv, txawm hais tias kuj muaj kev lom zem ua si), lossis qee hom suab paj nruag (piv - improvisations nyob rau hauv lub jazz style los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug kev kawm txuj ci, nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm ib tug romantic ballad los ntawm Brahms los yog nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm ib tug grotesque scherzo los ntawm Shostakovich).
5. Lub koom haum suab paj nruag - Qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas tiag pab beginners. Xav tias lub suab sib dhos thiab txhua yam yuav zoo! Qhov tseeb - ua ntej - hauv qhov ntsuas (mem tes) koj yuav npaj koj lub suab paj nruag, qhov thib ob, txiav txim siab lub sijhawm: thib peb, yuav ua li cas hauv koj qhov ntsuas, hom kev txav ntawm lub sijhawm me me - kaum rau daim ntawv lossis triplets, lossis qee qhov kev sib dhos nyuaj, los yog tej zaum ib pawg ntawm syncopation?
6. Kev ntxhib los mos, hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, nws yog ib txoj hauv kev nthuav tawm suab paj nruag. Koj yuav muaj dab tsi? Los yog nruj chords, los yog ib tug waltz bass chord nyob rau hauv sab laug tes thiab ib tug suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv txoj cai, los yog ib tug soaring suab paj nruag nyob rau sab saum toj, thiab hauv qab no nws muaj ib tug dawb accompaniment, los yog tsuas yog cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog - teev, arpeggios, los yog koj feem ntau npaj. kev sib cav-kev sib tham ntawm ob txhais tes thiab Nws puas yuav ua haujlwm polyphonic? Qhov no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tam sim ntawd, thiab tom qab ntawd ua raws li koj qhov kev txiav txim siab mus rau qhov kawg; deviating los ntawm nws tsis zoo (yuav tsum tsis muaj eclecticism).

Cov hauj lwm siab tshaj plaws thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm improviser - QHOV IMPROVISE yog li cov neeg mloog yuav tsis paub txawm tias koj yog IMPROVISING.

Yuav ua li cas kawm kom improvise: me ntsis los ntawm tus kheej kev paub

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias txhua tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag, tau kawg, muaj nws tus kheej kev paub hauv kev paub txog kev kos duab ntawm improvisation, nrog rau qee yam ntawm nws tus kheej secrets. Tus kheej, kuv xav qhia txhua tus neeg uas xav kawm cov khoom siv tes ua no pib los ntawm kev ua si ntau li ntau tau tsis yog los ntawm kev sau ntawv, tab sis ntawm lawv tus kheej. Qhov no muab kev ywj pheej muaj tswv yim.

Los ntawm kuv qhov kev paub dhau los, kuv tuaj yeem hais tias muaj lub siab xav xaiv cov nkauj sib txawv, nrog rau kev sau kuv tus kheej, pab kuv ntau heev. Qhov no yog qhov nthuav heev rau kuv txij li thaum yau, txog qhov uas, Kuv yuav qhia rau koj paub tsis pub leejtwg paub, Kuv tau ua qhov no ntau dua li kawm cov suab paj nruag los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv. Qhov tshwm sim yog pom tseeb - Kuv tuaj rau hauv zaj lus qhia thiab ua si ntawm daim, raws li lawv hais, "los ntawm pom." Tus kws qhia ntawv qhuas kuv rau kuv qhov kev npaj tau zoo rau zaj lus qhia, txawm hais tias kuv tau pom daim ntawv suab paj nruag thawj zaug hauv kuv lub neej, vim kuv tsis tau qhib phau ntawv nyeem hauv tsev, uas, ib txwm, kuv tsis tuaj yeem lees paub tus kws qhia ntawv. .

Yog li nug kuv yuav ua li cas rau improvise ntawm piano? Kuv yuav rov hais dua rau koj: koj yuav tsum ua si "dawb" suab paj nruag ntau li ntau tau, xaiv thiab xaiv dua! Tsuas yog xyaum ua kom koj ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Thiab yog hais tias koj kuj muaj txuj ci los ntawm Vajtswv, ces tsuas yog Vajtswv paub dab tsi ntawm dab neeg tshuab raj, tus tswv ntawm improvisation koj yuav tig mus rau hauv lub sij hawm.

Lwm qhov kev pom zoo yog saib txhua yam koj pom muaj. Yog tias koj pom qhov txawv txav zoo nkauj lossis kev sib haum xeeb zoo nkauj - txheeb xyuas qhov sib haum xeeb, nws yuav tuaj yeem siv tau tom qab; koj pom qhov kev ntxhib los mos - kuj tseem nco ntsoov tias koj tuaj yeem ua si zoo li no; koj pom cov lus qhia suab paj nruag lossis suab paj nruag tig - qiv nws. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, composers kawm los ntawm kev luam lwm cov composers cov qhab nia.

Thiab, tej zaum, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws… Nws yog qhov tsim nyog. Yog tsis muaj qhov no, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav los ntawm nws, yog li tsis txhob tub nkeeg mus ua si teev, arpeggios, ce thiab etudes txhua hnub. Qhov no yog ob qho tib si qab ntxiag thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.

Cov txheej txheem los yog cov txheej txheem ntawm improvisation

Thaum tib neeg nug kuv yuav ua li cas kawm improvise, kuv teb tias peb yuav tsum sim ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim cov khoom siv suab paj nruag.

Cia li tsis txhob crammed lawv tag nrho ib zaug rau hauv koj thawj improvisation. Ib txwm sim ua ib qho, qhov nkag siab tshaj plaws, tom qab ntawd qhov thib ob, thib peb - ​​thawj zaug kawm, tau txais kev paub, thiab yog li koj yuav muab txhua txoj hauv kev ua ke

Yog li ntawm no yog qee cov tswv yim improvisation:

harmonic - muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm no, qhov no yog qhov nyuaj rau kev sib haum xeeb, thiab muab nws cov txuj lom niaj hnub (ua rau nws ntsim), los yog, hloov pauv, muab nws purity thiab transparency. Txoj kev no tsis yog yooj yim, siv tau tshaj plaws, tab sis cov txheej txheem qhia tau zoo rau cov pib tshiab:

• hloov qhov ntsuas (piv txwv li, nws yog qhov loj - ominor, ua tib yam hauv me);
• reharmonize lub suab paj nruag - uas yog, xaiv ib tug tshiab accompaniment rau nws, "tshiab teeb pom kev zoo", nrog ib tug tshiab accompaniment lub suab yuav suab txawv;
• hloov cov qauv kev sib haum xeeb (tseem yog txoj kev xim xim) - hais tias, coj Mozart sonata thiab hloov tag nrho cov classical harmonies nyob rau hauv nws nrog jazz sawv daws yuav, koj yuav xav tsis thoob dab tsi yuav tshwm sim.

Melodic txoj kev improvisation suav nrog kev ua haujlwm nrog suab paj nruag, hloov nws lossis tsim nws (yog tias nws ploj lawm). Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem:

• Txhawm rau ua kom daim iav thim rov qab ntawm lub suab paj nruag, theoretically nws yog qhov yooj yim heev - tsuas yog hloov lub zog nce nrog lub zog qis thiab rov qab (siv cov txheej txheem thim rov qab lub sijhawm), tab sis hauv kev xyaum koj yuav tsum tau tso siab rau qhov kev faib ua feem thiab kev paub ( nws yuav suab zoo?), thiab tej zaum siv cov txheej txheem ntawm improvisation tsuas yog sporadically.
• Kho cov suab paj nruag nrog melismas: kev hlub sau ntawv, trills, gruppettos thiab mordents - rau weave xws li ib tug zoo nkauj lace.
• Yog hais tias lub suab paj nruag muaj leaps mus rau hauv dav intervals (sext, xya, octave), lawv tuaj yeem sau nrog cov ntawv nrawm; Yog tias muaj cov ntawv sau ntev hauv cov suab paj nruag, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua me me rau lub hom phiaj ntawm: a) rehearsal (repetition ob peb zaug), b) hu nkauj (sib puag ncig lub suab tseem ceeb nrog cov ntawv nyob ib sab, yog li qhia nws).
• Sau ib zaj nkauj tshiab los teb rau tus uas tau suab ua ntej. Qhov no yuav tsum tau muaj tswv yim tiag tiag.
• Lub suab nkauj tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov kab lus zoo li nws tsis yog suab nkauj, tab sis kev sib tham ntawm ob lub cim. Koj tuaj yeem ua si nrog cov cim cov kab (nug-lus teb) suab paj nruag polyphonically, hloov lawv mus rau cov npe sib txawv.
• Ntxiv rau tag nrho lwm cov kev hloov pauv uas cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau qib intonation, koj tuaj yeem hloov cov cwj nrag nrog cov lus rov qab (legato rau staccato thiab rov qab), qhov no yuav hloov lub cim ntawm lub suab paj nruag!

Rhythmic txoj kev Cov kev hloov hauv suab paj nruag kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab xav kom tus neeg ua yeeb yam, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kom muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov suab paj nruag, vim tsis yog, ib tus tsuas tuaj yeem tswj tsis tau cov ntawv sib haum xeeb. Rau cov pib tshiab, nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo los siv lub metronome rau cov hom phiaj no, uas yuav ua rau peb nyob hauv qhov txwv.

Koj tuaj yeem hloov cov suab paj nruag thiab lwm txheej ntawm cov suab paj nruag - piv txwv li, nrog rau. Cia peb hais tias nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab peb ua ib hom kev sib txuas tshiab: qee zaum chordal, qee zaum bass-melodic nkaus xwb, qee zaum peb npaj cov chords rau hauv arpeggios, qee zaum peb npaj tag nrho cov accompaniment nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev sib tw zoo nkauj (piv txwv li, hauv Spanish atherosclerosis. , los yog zoo li polka, thiab lwm yam). d.).

Ib tug piv txwv nyob ntawm improvisation: Denis Matsuev, ib tug nto moo pianist, improvises ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm zaj nkauj "Ib tsob ntoo Christmas yug hauv hav zoov"!

Nyob rau hauv xaus, kuv xav kom nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kawm yuav ua li cas rau improvise, koj yuav tsum tau ... IMPROVISE, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, muaj ib tug zoo siab rau tus tswv ntawm daim duab no, thiab kuj tsis ntshai ntawm kev ua tsis tiav. Kev so ntau dua thiab muaj tswv yim ywj pheej, thiab koj yuav ua tiav!