Keeb kwm ntawm lub harpsichord

Lub harpsichord yog ib tug kaj sawv cev ntawm cov twj paj nruag keyboard, lub ncov ntawm nws cov koob meej poob rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub 16th-17th centuries, thaum ib tug impressive tus naj npawb ntawm nto moo composers ntawm lub sij hawm ua si rau nws.

kaj ntug thiab hnub poob instrument

Thawj qhov hais txog ntawm harpsichord hnub rov qab mus rau 1397. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Renaissance, nws tau piav los ntawm Giovanni Boccaccio nyob rau hauv nws Decameron. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog hais tias daim duab qub tshaj plaws ntawm harpsichord yog hnub tim 1425. Nws tau piav qhia saum lub thaj hauv German nroog Minden. Cov harpsichords ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th tau nqis los rau peb, uas feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv Venice, Ltalis.

Nyob rau sab qaum teb Europe, kev tsim cov harpsichords los ntawm 1579 tau coj los ntawm Flemish craftsmen los ntawm tsev neeg Rückers. Lub sijhawm no, tus qauv tsim ntawm cov cuab yeej tau hloov pauv, lub cev hnyav dua, thiab cov hlua ua elongated, uas muab cov xim sib sib zog nqus.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej tau ua si los ntawm Fabkis dynasty Blanche, tom qab Taskin. Ntawm cov tswv Askiv ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, Schudy thiab Kirkman tsev neeg tau txawv. Lawv cov harpsichords muaj lub cev ntoo qhib thiab tau txawv los ntawm lub suab nplua nuj.

Hmoov tsis zoo, thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, lub harpsichord tau hloov tag nrho los ntawm piano. Tus qauv kawg yog tsim los ntawm Kirkman hauv 1809. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1896, tus tswv lus Askiv Arnold Dolmech revived lub zus tau tej cov twj paj nruag. Tom qab ntawd, qhov pib tau coj los ntawm Fab Kis cov tuam txhab Pleyel thiab Era, uas tau pib tsim cov harpsichord, suav nrog cov thev naus laus zis siab heev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Tus qauv tsim muaj ib lub thav duab steel uas muaj peev xwm tuav lub nruj nro ntawm cov hlua tuab.

Milestones

Lub harpsichord yog plucked-hom keyboard ntsuas. Nyob rau hauv ntau yam nws tshuav nws keeb kwm rau Greek plucked ntsuas psalterion, nyob rau hauv uas lub suab tau muab rho tawm los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm ib tug keyboard mechanism siv ib tug quill cwj mem. Ib tug neeg ua si harpsichord raug hu ua tus neeg ua si clavier, nws tuaj yeem ua tiav lub cev thiab clavichord. Tau ntev, lub harpsichord tau suav hais tias yog ib qho cuab yeej ntawm cov aristocrats, vim nws tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo muaj txiaj ntsig. Feem ntau, cov yuam sij tau muab tso rau hauv cov nplais, lub plhaub tortoise, thiab pob zeb zoo nkauj.

Harpsichord ntaus ntawv

Lub harpsichord zoo li ib daim duab peb sab elongated. Kab rov tav txheej txheej yog sib npaug rau cov keyboard mechanism. Txhua tus yuam sij muaj lub jumper pusher. Ib tug langetta txuas mus rau sab sauv ntawm lub pusher, uas ib tug plectrum (tus nplaig) ntawm ib tug crow's feather yog txuas, nws yog tus uas plucks txoj hlua thaum nias tus yuam sij. Saum toj no reed yog ib tug damper ua los ntawm tawv los yog xav, uas muffles lub vibrations ntawm txoj hlua.

Cov keyboards yog siv los hloov lub ntim thiab lub cav ntawm lub harpsichord. Nws yog noteworthy tias ib tug du crescendo thiab deminuendo tsis tuaj yeem paub txog ntawm qhov ntsuas no. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, qhov ntsuas qhov ntau yog 3 octaves, nrog qee cov ntawv chromatic uas ploj lawm hauv qis qis. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, qhov ntau tau nthuav dav mus rau 4 octaves, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, qhov ntsuas twb muaj 5 octaves. Ib qho cuab yeej siv rau xyoo pua 18th muaj 2 cov keyboards (phau ntawv), 2 pawg ntawm cov hlua 8' thiab 1 - 4', uas ua suab nrov dua octave. Lawv tuaj yeem siv tus kheej thiab ua ke, sau cov ntoo ntawm koj qhov kev txiav txim siab. Ib lub npe hu ua "lute register" lossis nasal timbre kuj tau muab. Yuav kom tau txais nws, nws yuav tsum tau siv me me muting ntawm cov hlua nrog kev xav lossis tawv pob.

Cov harpsichordists zoo tshaj plaws yog J. Chambonière, JF Rameau, F. Couperin, LK Daken thiab ntau lwm tus.