Classical guitar: ntsuas muaj pes tsawg leeg, keeb kwm, hom, yuav ua li cas xaiv thiab qhib

Txhawm rau dhau los ua tus ntsuj plig ntawm txhua lub tuam txhab, koj xav tau lub guitar classic thiab muaj peev xwm ua si. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, qhov cuab yeej no tsis tau muab ntau yam nyob rau hauv Russia. Thiab niaj hnub no, ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm lub plucked hlua tsev neeg yog rightfully suav hais tias yog lub nrov tshaj plaws instrument nrog rau acoustics.

Cov cuab yeej nta

Qhov sib txawv ntawm acoustics thiab classics yog ob qho tib si hauv cov qauv tsim thiab hauv cov style. Thawj yog ntau haum rau pob zeb thiab yob, lub teb chaws thiab jazz, qhov thib ob - rau romances, ballads, flamenco.

Classical guitar yog txawv ntawm lwm hom los ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv nta:

• koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm frets, ntawm cov classics muaj 12 ntawm lawv, thiab tsis yog 14, zoo li lwm hom;
• caj dab dav;
• qhov loj me;
• amplification ntawm lub suab tsuas yog vim lub rooj ntoo; pickups lossis microphone yog siv rau kev ua yeeb yam;
• tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlua yog 6, feem ntau lawv yog nylon, carbon lossis hlau;
• fret marks nyob rau sab ntawm lub fretboard, thiab tsis nyob ntawm nws lub dav hlau.

Lub XNUMX-txoj hlua guitar yog siv ob qho tib si rau kev ua yeeb yam solo thiab rau kev sib tham lossis hauv pawg. Technique distinguishes nws los ntawm pop music. Tus kws ntaus nkauj feem ntau ua si nrog nws cov ntiv tes, tsis yog nrog lub pllectrum.

tsim

Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog lub cev, caj dab, cov hlua. Cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem tsis tau hloov pauv txij li thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, thaum tus kws tsim guitar Spanish Antonio Torres tau tsim cov qauv classic nrog rau XNUMX txoj hlua, ntoo hauv qab thiab sab saum toj soundboards, interconnected los ntawm plhaub. Txhua qhov chaw muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb.

Chassis

Cov hauv qab thiab sab saum toj decks zoo ib yam. Rau kev tsim cov qis, violin maple, cypress lossis lwm hom ntoo yog siv, rau sab sauv - spruce lossis cedar. Board thickness ntawm 2,5 mus rau 4 hli. Sab saum toj lawj yog lub luag hauj lwm rau sonority ntawm lub twj paj nruag. Ib lub thawv suab nrog lub cheeb ntawm 8,5 cm yog txiav tawm nyob rau hauv nws, ib tug sawv-txoj hlua tuav nrog ib tug txiv ntseej yog ntsia. Lub rooj muag zaub muaj rau lub qhov rau txuas cov hlua. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev deformation ntawm lub cev thaum lub sij hawm nro, lub kaw lus ntawm cov ntoo slats tau nruab rau hauv, tab sis tsis muaj cov pas nrig thauj tog rau nkoj. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm classical thiab acoustic guitars.

Griffin

Nws txuas nrog lub cev nrog lub keel, uas tseem hu ua "pob taws". Qhov dav ntawm fretboard ntawm classical guitar yog 6 cm, qhov ntev yog 60-70 cm. Rau kev tsim khoom, cedar lossis lwm hom ntoo uas muaj cov qauv tsim tau siv. Nyob rau sab nraub qaum, lub caj dab muaj qhov sib npaug, qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog tiaj tus, npog nrog ib qho kev sib tshooj. Lub caj dab xaus nrog lub taub hau, uas nthuav me ntsis, leaning rov qab. Ib tug classical guitar txawv ntawm ib tug acoustic guitar nyob rau hauv ntev ntawm lub caj dab, nyob rau hauv lub tom kawg nws yog luv los ntawm 6-7 cm.

Cov hlua

Kev tso txoj hlua kom raug thiab qhov siab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub suab meej. Kev teeb tsa nws qis dhau los ua rau rattling, thaum teeb tsa nws siab dhau ua rau tsis yooj yim rau tus neeg ua yeeb yam. Qhov siab yog txiav txim los ntawm 1st thiab 12th frets. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm fretboard thiab cov hlua ntawm classical guitar yuav tsum yog raws li nram no:

Koj tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb siv tus pas ntsuas. Yog vim li cas rau qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv qhov siab yuav tsawg dhau los yog siab txiv ntseej, caj dab deflection. Numbering yog siv rau lub npe guitar hlua. Qhov thinnest yog qhov thib 1, lub thickness sab sauv yog 6th. Feem ntau, lawv yog nylon - qhov no yog lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm classical thiab acoustic guitars.

Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm

Cov twj paj nruag tau nthuav dav hauv Spain hauv xyoo pua 13th, uas yog vim li cas nws tseem hu ua Spanish guitar. Txog rau thaum xyoo pua XNUMXth-XNUMXth, muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv nrog ntau cov hlua sib txawv.

Master Antonio Torres tau ua ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua kom nrov ntawm cov cuab yeej rau txoj hlua. Nws tau sim nrog lub cuab yeej ntev, hloov cov qauv, sim ua kom lub lawj sab saum toj kom nyias li sai tau thiaj li ua tiav lub suab zoo. Nrog nws lub teeb tes, lub guitar tau txais lub npe "classical", qauv tsim thiab saib.

Thawj phau ntawv rau Kev Ua Si, uas tau qhia txog kev kawm ua si, tau sau los ntawm Spanish composer Gaspar Sanz. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX, lub piano hloov lub guitar.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, mus txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua XX, tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau cov cuab yeej rau XNUMX txoj hlua. Ua si guitar nyiam cov neeg nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws, ua tsaug rau tus kws sau nkauj Giuseppe Sarti. Nws nyob hauv Russia tau ntau tshaj nees nkaum xyoo, ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Catherine II thiab Paul I.

Thawj tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab guitarist nyob rau hauv keeb kwm yog Nikolai Makarov. Ib tug txiv neej ua tub rog so haujlwm, tom qab tawm hauv qhov kev pabcuam, nws tau nyiam guitar thiab ua si 10-12 teev ib hnub. Tom qab ua tiav qhov tseem ceeb, nws pib ua yeeb yam thiab txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm hauv Vienna. Makarov tau tsim thawj qhov kev sib tw guitar hauv Brussels hauv xyoo 1856.

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, kev lag luam loj ntawm cov cuab yeej tau pib, nws tau suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm suab paj nruag, cov kws qhia tus kheej tau tshwm sim. Classical guitar tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej ntawm bards, uas nws cov nkauj ntawm "rau-txoj hlua" tau rov ua dua hauv cov yards.

Hom

Txawm hais tias qee cov qauv, muaj ntau hom classical guitars:

• veneered - cov qauv pheej yig tsim nyog rau kev pib kawm, ua los ntawm plywood;
• ua ke - tsuas yog decks yog ua los ntawm cov khoom ntoo, lub plhaub tseem nyob veneered;
• ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ntoo - cov cuab yeej tshaj lij nrog lub suab zoo.

Txhua hom tuaj yeem saib zoo nkauj, yog li veneered yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov pib tshiab. Tab sis rau kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv ib qho ntawm ob qho kev xaiv kawg.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv ib tug classical guitar

Beginners yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau tsis tsuas yog cov tsos ntawm cov cuab yeej, tab sis kuj mus rau lub subtleties uas yuav tsis yooj yim sua kom paub tam sim ntawd:

• Lub cev yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag, chips, tawg.
• Lub caj dab crooked los yog arched yog ib qho cim ntawm deformation thiab tsis zoo, xws li ib tug guitar yuav tsis yooj yim sua.
• Thaum tig, lub peg mechanisms yuav tsum tsis txhob jam, lawv tig smoothly tsis muaj crunch.
• nruj me ntsis parallel kev npaj ntawm sills.

Koj yuav tsum xaiv ib lub cuab yeej, muab qhov loj me. Tus qauv qauv rau cov neeg laus yog 4/4. Qhov ntev ntawm xws li ib tug classical guitar yog hais txog 100 centimeters, hnyav yog ntau tshaj 3 kg. Nws yuav ua tsis tau rau tus menyuam yaus ua si ntawm nws, yog li ntawd, cov qauv pom zoo kom coj mus rau hauv tus account loj hlob thiab hnub nyoog tau tsim:

• 1 - rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 5 xyoos;
• 3/4 - hom no haum rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv theem pib;
• 7/8 - siv los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab thiab cov neeg siv tes me me.

Thaum xaiv, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov ntoo thiab lub suab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los coj tus neeg nrog koj mus rau lub khw uas tuaj yeem kho qhov ntsuas thiab ua suab paj nruag rau nws. Lub suab zoo yog tus yuam sij rau txoj kev xaiv.

Yuav ua li cas qhib ib tug classic guitar

Hauv cov khw tshwj xeeb, kev hloov kho yog nqa tawm thaum lub sijhawm yuav khoom. Qhov "Spanish" tuning ntawm 6-txoj hlua guitar yog ebgdAD, qhov twg txhua tsab ntawv sib raug mus rau ib ntu ntawm cov hlua ntawm ib mus rau rau.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tuning yog hloov pauv coj txhua txoj hlua mus rau lub suab tsim nyog ntawm qhov fret thib tsib. Lawv yuav tsum sib haum xeeb nrog rau yav dhau los. Txhawm rau qhib, tig lub pegs, tsa lub suab, lossis tsis muaj zog, txo qis.

Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau tus pib los ua tus tswv cuab tam thaum zaum ntawm lub rooj zaum, hloov kev txhawb nqa hauv qab sab laug ceg. Nws yog kev cai ua si classical guitar los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua lossis xaiv, siv chords. Cov style sib phim rau kev ua haujlwm.

"Classic" yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov pib tshiab. Cov hlua nylon yog yooj yim los khaws dua cov hlua hlau ntawm ib qho acoustic. Tab sis, zoo li lwm yam cuab yeej, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas nws. Cov av noo ntau dhau los yog ziab ntawm huab cua ua rau kom qhuav tawm ntawm lub cev, thiab cov hlua yuav tsum tau ntxuav tsis tu ncua ntawm plua plav thiab av. Kev saib xyuas kom zoo ntawm koj lub guitar yuav pab ua kom nws tsis zoo thiab ua kom huv si.