Nkauj music |
Fabkis hom, los ntawm lat. genus - genus, hom
Lub tswvyim tsis meej uas qhia txog keeb kwm tsim genera thiab hom muses. ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lawv keeb kwm thiab lub neej lub hom phiaj, txoj kev thiab tej yam kev mob (qhov chaw) ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev xaav, nrog rau cov peculiarities ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab daim ntawv. Lub tswv yim ntawm ib hom ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv txhua hom kev kos duab, tab sis hauv suab paj nruag, vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm nws cov txuj ci. cov duab, muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb; nws sawv, raws li nws tau, nyob rau ciam teb ntawm pawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab daim ntawv, thiab tso cai rau ib tug los txiav txim lub hom phiaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom, raws li cov complex ntawm kab lus siv. nyiaj txiag.
Lub complexity thiab ambiguity ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm Zh. m. tseem txuas nrog rau qhov tseeb tias tsis yog txhua yam uas txiav txim siab nws ua ib txhij thiab muaj zog sib npaug. Cov xwm txheej no lawv tus kheej yog qhov sib txawv (piv txwv li, daim ntawv thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev ua tau zoo) thiab tuaj yeem ua nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev sib txuas nrog ntau qib ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Yog li ntawd, hauv suab paj nruag science tsim txawv. systems ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm Zh. m. Lawv nyob ntawm seb yam twg ua rau Zh. m. yog suav tias yog lub ntsiab. Piv txwv li, BA Zuckerman qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb (ib hom - cov ntsiab lus typified), AH Coxop - haiv neeg. muaj, ie lub hom phiaj lub neej ntawm suab paj nruag thiab ib puag ncig rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nkag siab. Cov ntsiab lus nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab paj nruag philosophic yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv "Cov Qauv ntawm Suab paj nruag ua haujlwm" los ntawm L. A. Mazel thiab "Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ua Yeeb Yam" los ntawm L. A. Mazel thiab BA Zuckerman. Lub complexity ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm Zh. m. tseem txuas nrog lawv evolution. Hloov tej yam kev mob ntawm hav zoov muses. ua haujlwm, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm Nar. creativity thiab prof. art-va, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm muses. cov lus ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm hom qub thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshiab. Zh. m. reflects thiab nat. qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv suab paj nruag, teej tug mus rau ib qho los yog lwm yam ideological art. kev taw qhia (piv txwv li, Fabkis romantic grand opera). Feem ntau cov haujlwm tib yam tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv, lossis tib hom tuaj yeem ua rau ntau pawg. Yog li, opera tuaj yeem txhais nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov ntsiab lus raws li ib hom suab paj nruag. tsim muaj tswv yim. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem ntaus nqi nws rau pawg wok.-instr. (txoj kev ua yeeb yam) thiab theatrical thiab ua yeeb yam. (qhov chaw ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev sib txuas nrog kev thov nyob ib sab) ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab nws cov keeb kwm yav dhau los, cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm, kev coj noj coj ua (feem ntau lub tebchaws) ntawm kev xaiv ib zajlus, kev tsim kho, txawm tias kev ua yeeb yam hauv ib qho kev ua yeeb yam, thiab lwm yam. (xws li Italian opera hom seria thiab buffa, Fabkis comic lossis lyric opera). Ntau tus neeg. yam ntxwv ntawm suab paj nruag thiab yeeb yam. Cov ntsiab lus thiab daim ntawv ntawm lub opera yuav ua rau kom ntxiv concretization ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib hom ntawv nyeem (Mozart's buffa opera Kev sib yuav ntawm Figaro yog ib tug lyric-comedy opera, Rimsky-Korsakov lub Sadko yog ib tug epic opera, thiab lwm yam). Cov lus txhais no yuav txawv ntawm qhov ntau dua lossis tsawg dua qhov tseeb, thiab qee zaum hauv qee qhov kev txiav txim siab; Qee zaum lawv tau muab los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv nws tus kheej ("Lub Snow Maiden" - zaj dab neeg caij nplooj ntoos hlav, "Eugene Onegin" - lyrical scenes, thiab lwm yam). Nws muaj peev xwm ua kom ib leeg tawm "ib hom ntawv hauv ib hom ntawv". Yog li, arias, ensembles, recitatives, choirs, symphony. cov fragments muaj nyob rau hauv lub opera kuj txhais tau tias yog dec. wok yam. thiab instr. suab paj nruag. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib hom ntawv tuaj yeem qhia meej raws li ntau yam niaj hnub (piv txwv li, Juliet's waltz los ntawm Gounod's Romeo thiab Juliet los yog Sadko's round dance song los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov's Sadko), ob qho tib si tso siab rau tus sau cov lus qhia thiab muab lawv tus kheej. Cov lus txhais (Cherubino's aria "Lub plawv Excites" yog kev sib hlub, Susanna's aria yog ib qho kev sib tw).
Yog li, thaum faib cov hom, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov txhua lub sij hawm uas qhov tseem ceeb lossis kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau yam yog qhov txiav txim siab. Raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm ib hom ntawv, ib hom ntawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hom uas muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov kev xav tau ntawm tib neeg lub neej, suab nrov hauv lub neej txhua hnub - tsev neeg thiab pej xeem - txhua hnub, thiab lwm yam uas tsis muaj qee yam tseem ceeb thiab kev ua haujlwm txhua hnub. Ntau yam ntawm pab pawg 1 tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm thaum suab paj nruag tseem tsis tau cais tawm ntawm txhua yam kev kos duab ( paj huam, choreography) thiab tau siv rau txhua yam kev ua haujlwm, kev ua yeeb yam (piv txwv li kev seev cev, kev sib tw lossis kev ua tub rog, rituals, spells, thiab lwm yam).
Decl. cov kws tshawb fawb txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm ntau hom. Yog li, BA Zuckerman suav hais tias yog zaj nkauj thiab seev cev ua "ib yam tseem ceeb", CC Skrebkov hais txog peb hom - kev tshaj tawm (nrog rau lo lus), kev tsav tsheb (nrog rau kev txav mus los) thiab chant (txuas nrog kev ywj pheej lyrical expressiveness). AH Coxop ntxiv ob hom ntxiv rau peb hom - instr. signaling thiab suab imaging.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm hom tuaj yeem cuam tshuam, ua rau lub neej sib xyaw, piv txwv. nkauj thiab seev cev, yam. Nyob rau hauv pej xeem-txhua hnub ib hom ntawv nyeem, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv uas muaj kev cuam tshuam cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau complex, kho kom haum xeeb daim ntawv, muaj, nrog rau ib tug dav kev faib, ib tug sib txawv. Nws concretizes ob lub hom phiaj thiab cov ntsiab lus, qhov xwm ntawm cov khoom. (piv txwv li, lullaby, serenade, barcarolle raws li ntau yam lyrical nkauj, quaj quaj thiab yeej kev sib tw, thiab lwm yam).
Cov hom tshiab niaj hnub tau tshwm sim tas li, lawv cuam tshuam ntau hom sib txawv thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lawv. Lub Renaissance suav nrog, piv txwv li, qhov pib ntawm kev tsim instr. suite, uas muaj cov seev cev txhua hnub ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub suite tau txais kev pab raws li ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub symphony. Lub fixation ntawm minuet ua ib feem ntawm lub symphony pab txhawb rau lub crystallization ntawm no siab tshaj plaws daim ntawv ntawm instr. suab paj nruag. Nrog kev thov ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. poeticization ntawm nkauj thiab seev cev yog kev cob cog rua. hom, enriching lawv lyrical thiab puas siab puas ntsws. cov ntsiab lus, symphonization, thiab lwm yam.
Tsev neeg Zh. m., concentrating nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej raug. cov intonations thiab rhythms ntawm lub era, kev sib raug zoo ib puag ncig, cov neeg uas yug los rau lawv, yog tseem ceeb heev rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm prof. suab paj nruag. Tsev neeg nkauj thiab seev cev. Ib hom ntawv (German, Austrian, Slavic, Hungarian) yog ib lub hauv paus uas Viennese classic tau tsim. tsev kawm ntawv (J. Haydn's folk-genre symphonism yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhia ntawm no). Tshiab hom suab paj nruag kiv puag ncig. Fabkis tau xav txog ntawm tus phab ej. symphonism ntawm L. Beethoven. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub teb chaws cov tsev kawm ntawv yog ib txwm txuam nrog tus composer lub generalization ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lub neej txhua hnub thiab nar. suab paj nruag. Kev tso siab dav dav rau txhua hnub thiab pej xeem-txhua hnub ib hom ntawv, uas ua haujlwm ob qho tib si los ntawm kev ua kom pom tseeb thiab kev nthuav dav ("generalization los ntawm ib hom ntawv" - ib lo lus qhia los ntawm AA Alschwang hauv kev txuas nrog Bizet's Opera "Carmen"), qhia txog qhov tseeb. opera (PI Tchaikovsky, MP Mussorgsky, J. Bizet, G. Verdi), pl. phenomena instr. suab paj nruag ntawm 19th thiab 20th centuries. (F. Schubert, F. Chopin, I. Brahms, DD Shostakovich thiab lwm tus). Rau cov suab paj nruag ntawm 19th-20th centuries. ib tug dav system ntawm ib hom ntawv sib txuas yog yam ntxwv, qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug synthesis (feem ntau nyob rau hauv tib lub ntsiab lus) nta decomp. hom ntawv (tsis yog suab paj nruag txhua hnub) thiab tham txog kev nplua nuj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom. (piv txwv li, F. Chopin). Ib hom ntawv txhais ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm complex "poetic" cov ntaub ntawv ntawm romanticism. suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, piv txwv li. nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm monothematism.
Nyob ntawm socio-historical. ib puag ncig yam ntawm qhov chaw, tej yam kev mob ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj nyob ntawm muses. prod. nquag cuam tshuam kev tsim thiab evolution ntawm hom. los ntawm aristocratic palaces mus rau pej xeem ua yeeb yam tau hloov ntau heev nyob rau hauv nws thiab pab txhawb rau nws crystallization raws li ib hom ntawv nyeem. Kev ua yeeb yam hauv kev ua yeeb yam coj ua ke xws li dec. los ntawm cov khoom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua yeeb yam suab paj nruag. Ib hom ntawv zoo li opera, ballet, vaudeville, operetta, suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam. t-peb 17 c. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tshiab, suab paj nruag hauv xov tooj cua, thiab suab paj nruag pop tau tshwm sim.
Xyaum tau ntev, kev ua yeeb yam ntawm pawg thiab solo ua haujlwm. (quartets, trios, sonatas, romances thiab zaj nkauj, daim rau ib tug neeg seev cev, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau hauv ib tug homely, "chamber" ib puag ncig tau nce mus rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm chamber hom nrog lawv qhov tob dua, qee zaum intimacy ntawm kev qhia, lyrical thiab philosophical orientation los yog , conversely, sib thooj rau txhua txhua hnub ib hom ntawv (vim cov kev ua tau zoo sib xws). Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hom chamber tau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom hauv qhov kev ua tau zoo.
Kev loj hlob ntawm conc. lub neej, hloov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm suab paj nruag. ua hauj lwm nyob rau theem loj, qhov nce ntawm cov neeg mloog kuj coj mus rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kawg. Ib hom ntawv nrog lawv txoj kev tsim txiaj, kev kho siab dua ntawm thematics, feem ntau ua rau siab "oratorical" suab ntawm muses. hais lus, thiab lwm yam. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm tej yam zoo li no rov qab mus rau lub cev ua haujlwm. J. Frescobaldi, D. Buxtehude, GF Handel thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog JS Baxa; Lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws tau sau rau hauv "tshwj xeeb" hom ntawm concerto (feem ntau rau ib qho cuab yeej solo nrog ib lub orchestra), hauv conc. daim rau ob leeg soloists thiab orchestra (piano pieces los ntawm F. Mendelssohn, F. Liszt, thiab lwm yam). Hloov mus rau conc. theem chamber, domestic thiab txawm instructive-pedagogical. hom (etudes) tuaj yeem tau txais cov yam ntxwv tshiab, raws li. kawg tshwj xeeb. Ib hom tshwj xeeb yog cov npe hu ua plein-air genres (suab paj nruag sab nraum zoov), twb tau sawv cev hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm GF Handel ("Music on the Water", "Firework Music") thiab uas tau dhau los ua thoob plaws hauv lub sijhawm ntawm Great Fabkis. kiv puag ncig. Nrog rau qhov piv txwv no, ib tus tuaj yeem pom tias qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau cuam tshuam li cas rau thematicism nws tus kheej nrog rau nws cov xeeb ntxwv, lapidarity thiab scope.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo yog cuam tshuam nrog qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg mloog hauv kev nkag siab ntawm suab paj nruag. ua haujlwm - mus txog rau kev koom tes ncaj qha hauv kev ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau ciam teb nrog txhua txhua hnub ib hom ntawv yog loj ib hom ntawv (ntaus nkauj), yug nyob rau hauv lub kiv puag ncig. era thiab ua tiav kev loj hlob zoo hauv owl suab paj nruag. B 20th century music-drama tau nthuav dav. hom, tsim los rau kev koom ua ke ntawm prof. cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab cov neeg saib (cov menyuam yaus ua yeeb yam los ntawm P. Hindemith thiab B. Britten).
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tau zoo txiav txim siab qhov kev faib tawm ntawm ntau hom. Qhov no feem ntau yog faib rau hauv wok. thiab instr. hom ntawv.
Box hom nrog ob peb qhov tshwj xeeb (vocalization) yog txuam nrog poetic. (tsis tshua muaj prosaic) cov ntawv. Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv feem ntau raws li suab paj nruag thiab poetic. Ib hom ntawv (nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm ancient civilizations, lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, nyob rau hauv lub pej xeem suab paj nruag ntawm txawv teb chaws), qhov twg cov lus thiab suab paj nruag raug tsim ib txhij, muaj ib tug ntau atherosclerosis. koom haum. Box tej hauj lwm tau muab faib ua solo (song, romance, aria), ensemble thiab choral. Lawv tuaj yeem ua suab nrov (solo lossis xop yam tsis muaj kev sib tham, cappella; cappella muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov suab paj nruag polyphonic ntawm Renaissance, nrog rau cov suab paj nruag Lavxias teb sab ntawm 17-18 centuries) thiab suab-instr. (feem ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th) - nrog ib tug (feem ntau keyboard) los yog ob peb. instruments los yog orchestra. Box khoom. nrog rau ib qho lossis ntau dua. cov cuab yeej muaj nyob rau hauv chamber woks. hom, nrog orchestra accompaniment - mus rau loj wok.-instr. hom (oratorio, pawg, requiem, passions). Tag nrho cov hom no muaj keeb kwm nyuaj uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau cais lawv. Yog li, cantata tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si chamber solo ua haujlwm thiab muaj ntau yam sib xyaw ua suab paj nruag. muaj pes tsawg leeg (xop, soloists, orchestra). Rau lub xyoo pua 20th feem ntau koom nrog wok.-instr. prod. nyeem ntawv, ua yeeb yam, koom tes ntawm pantomime, seev cev, ua yeeb yam (ua yeeb yam oratorios los ntawm A. Onegger, "theem cantatas" los ntawm K. Orff, nqa cov suab paj nruag los ze zog rau ntau hom kev ua yeeb yam).
Ib qho kev ua yeeb yam siv tib cov neeg ua yeeb yam (soloists, xop, orchestra) thiab feem ntau tib yam li wok-instr. hom, yog txawv los ntawm nws theem. thiab dram. xwm thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb hluavtaws. ib hom ntawv nyeem, uas muab sib txawv. hom kev thov.
Cov cuab yeej cuab tam pib los ntawm kev seev cev, ntau dua los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov suab paj nruag nrog kev txav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, wok hom yeej ib txwm cuam tshuam lawv txoj kev loj hlob. suab paj nruag. Main yam instr. suab paj nruag - solo, ensemble, orchestral - coj zoo nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Viennese classics (thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 2th). Cov no yog symphony, sonata, quartet thiab lwm yam chamber ensembles, concerto, overture, rondo, thiab lwm yam. Lub generalization ntawm lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yam ntawm tib neeg lub neej (kev txiav txim thiab tawm tsam, kev xav thiab kev xav, so thiab ua si, thiab lwm yam) ua lub luag hauj lwm txiav txim siab. nyob rau hauv crystallization ntawm hom no. ) nyob rau hauv ib txwm sonata-symphonic daim ntawv. lub voj voog.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov classical instr. genres coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv parallel nrog kev sib txawv ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam. compositions, nrog kev loj hlob yuav qhia. thiab tech. cuab yeej muaj peev xwm. Txoj kev ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm solo, ensemble thiab orchestral hom. Yog li, ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm sonata yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub luag haujlwm loj ntawm tus neeg pib, symphony - los ntawm ntau dua generalization thiab nplai, nthuav tawm qhov pib ntawm pawg, sib sau ua ke, concerto - kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qauv no nrog improvisation.
Nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm romanticism nyob rau hauv instr. suab paj nruag, hu ua. poetic genres – ballad, paj huam (fp. thiab symphonic), as well as lyric. yam me me. Nyob rau hauv cov hom ntawv no, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, ib qho kev nyiam rau kev ua haujlwm, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lyrical-psychological thiab pictorial-painting cov hauv paus ntsiab lus. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim ntawm romantic. instr. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tau ua si los ntawm kev nthuav tawm ntawm kev nthuav qhia nplua nuj thiab timbre muaj peev xwm ntawm FP. thiab lub orchestra.
Muaj ntau hom kev qub (17th-1st ib nrab ntawm 18th centuries) txuas ntxiv siv. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog romantic. era twb hloov lawm (piv txwv li, prelude thiab fantasy, nyob rau hauv uas improvisation plays lub luag hauj lwm loj, suite, revived nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug romantic voj voog ntawm miniatures), lwm tus neeg tsis muaj kev hloov tseem ceeb (concerto grosso, passacaglia, lub thiaj li hu ua. me me polyphonic voj voog - prelude thiab fugue, thiab lwm yam).
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov hom ntawv yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Kev ntaus suab paj nruag. cov ntsiab lus hauv ib lub suab paj nruag. daim ntawv (hauv lub siab dav ntawm lo lus) yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm Zh. m. Kev faib tawm ntawm Zh. m., ncaj qha cuam tshuam txog hom ntsiab lus, yog qiv los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv; Raws li nws, ua yeeb yam, lyrical thiab epic hom yog txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib cuam tshuam tas li ntawm cov hom kev nthuav qhia no ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev txheeb xyuas hom kev faib tawm no. Yog li ntawd, ib qho kev txhim kho ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem coj tawm cov nkauj. me me dhau ntawm lyric. Ib hom ntawv (C-moll Chopin's nocturne), piav qhia-epic. qhov xwm txheej ntawm zaj nkauj ballad tuaj yeem nyuaj los ntawm lyric. qhov xwm ntawm thematic thiab ua yeeb yam. kev loj hlob (Chopin's ballads); Ua yeeb yam symphonies tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov nkauj-lyrical cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, thematics (Schubert's h-moll symphony, Tchaikovsky's symphonies, thiab lwm yam).
Cov teeb meem ntawm Zh. m. raug cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm musicology. Txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm Zh. m. hauv kev nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm muses. prod. Nws yog hais nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm mob siab rau ntau yam teeb meem thiab phenomena ntawm muses. creativity (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv los ntawm A. Dolzhansky "Instrumental Music ntawm PI Tchaikovsky", nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm ntawm LA Mazel txog F. Chopin, DD Shostakovich, thiab lwm yam). Nco ntsoov pl. domestic thiab txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws, cov kws tshawb fawb tau nyiam los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev. hom ntawv. IB 60-70s. 20th xyoo pua teeb meem ntawm Zh. m. muaj ntau thiab ntau ze nrog muses. aesthetics thiab sociology. Qhov kev taw qhia no hauv kev kawm txog poj niam suab paj nruag tau piav qhia hauv cov haujlwm ntawm BV Asafiev ("Lavxias teb sab Music txij thaum pib ntawm 1930th Century", XNUMX). Cov credit rau kev tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm suab paj nruag belongs rau Soviet science ntawm suab paj nruag (ua haujlwm los ntawm AA Alschwang, LA Mazel, BA Zuckerman, SS Skrebkov, AA Coxopa, thiab lwm yam).
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm owls. Nyob rau hauv musicology, elucidation ntawm hom kev sib txuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm muses. ua hauj lwm, nws pab txhawb rau kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm muses. kos duab thiab zoo sib xws nrog cov teeb meem ntawm realism hauv suab paj nruag. Ib hom kev tshawb xav yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab paj nruag.
References: Alschwang AA, Opera genres “Karmen”, hauv nws phau ntawv: Xaiv Cov Ntawv, M., 1959; Zuckerman BA, Musical genres thiab foundations of music forms, M., 1964; Skrebkov CC, Artistic Principles of Musical Styles (Introduction and Research), in: Music thiab Modernity, vol. 3, M., 1965; ib. suab paj nruag hom. Sat. cov ntawv, ed. TB Popova, M., 1968; Coxop AH, Qhov zoo nkauj ntawm hom suab paj nruag, M., 1968; nws, Txoj Kev xav ntawm cov suab paj nruag: kev ua haujlwm thiab kev cia siab, hauv kev sau: Cov teeb meem theoretical ntawm cov ntawv suab paj nruag thiab lwm yam, M., 1971, p. 292-309 : kuv.
EM Tsareva
