ntxa, ntxa |

Italian, lit. - nyuaj, hnyav, tseem ceeb

1) Suab paj nruag. ib lub sij hawm uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th Nws qhia txog cov kev sib tw ntawm lub hauv paus, "yuag", loj, yam ntxwv ntawm Baroque style. Tau txuam nrog txoj kev xav ntawm kev cuam tshuam (saib. cuam tshuam txoj kev xav). S. Brossard hauv 1703 txhais lo lus "G." raws li "hnyav, tseem ceeb, majestic thiab yog li yuav luag ib txwm qeeb". G. qhia txog lub sijhawm ze rau largo, nruab nrab ntawm lento thiab adagio. Nws tshwm sim ntau zaus nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm JS Bach (Cantata BWV 82) thiab GF Handel (choirs "Thiab cov neeg Ixayees hais tias", "Nws yog kuv tus tswv" los ntawm lub oratorio "Israel nyob rau hauv Egypt"). Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau tau txais kev pab raws li ib qho kev qhia ntawm pace thiab xwm ntawm qeeb introductions - intrads, introductions rau overtures ("Messiah" los ntawm Handel), mus rau thawj qhov chaw ntawm lub cyclic. ua hauj lwm (Beethoven's Pathetic Sonata), mus rau opera scenes (Fidelio, taw qhia rau scene nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj), thiab lwm yam.

2) Suab paj nruag. ib lo lus siv los txhais lus rau lwm lo lus thiab lub ntsiab lus "dub", "low". Yog li, graves suab (sab suab, feem ntau tsuas yog graves) yog lub npe hu los ntawm Hukbald rau lub qis tetrachord ntawm lub suab system ntawm lub sij hawm (tetrachord dag hauv qab plaub finalis; Gc). Octaves graves (qis octave) - suboctave-koppel nyob rau hauv ib qho khoom nruab nrog (ib qho khoom siv uas tso cai rau lub cev ua ob lub suab ua rau hauv qis qis; zoo li lwm cov octave doublers, nws tau siv feem ntau hauv 18-19th centuries; nyob rau hauv lub 20th. xyoo pua nws poob rau hauv kev siv tsis siv, txij li nws tsis tau muab lub zog ntawm lub suab thiab txo cov pob tshab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg).

References: Brossard S. de, Dictionary of Music, muaj cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov lus Greek, Latin, Italian thiab Fabkis feem ntau siv hauv suab paj nruag…, Amst., 1703; Hermann-Bengen I., Tempobezeichnungen, “Mьnchner Verцffentlicungen zur Musikgeschichte”, Kuv, Tutzing, 1959.