Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub bagpipe

Lub bagpipe yog ib txwm siv suab paj nruag cua tshuab ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Hauv Scotland nws yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws. Nws yog ib lub hnab, uas feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cowhide (li no lub npe), calf los yog tshis tawv nqaij, tshem tawm tag nrho, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug wineskin, sewn li nruj nreem thiab nruab nrog ib tug raj nyob rau sab saum toj rau sau cov khoom. pluav nrog huab cua, nrog ib, ob los yog peb ua si reed hlab txuas los ntawm hauv qab no, pab tsim polyphony.

Hauv tsab xov xwm no, cov kws tshaj lij ntawm lub khw "Student" yuav qhia rau koj yuav ua li cas xaiv lub bagpipes uas koj xav tau, thiab tsis them nyiaj ntau dhau tib lub sijhawm.

Bagpipe ntaus ntawv

1. Lub pob tawb
2. Hnab
3. Lub dav hlau cua
4. Bass tube
5, 6. Tenor reed

Cane

Txawm li cas los xij ntawm lub bagpipe, nws tsuas yog siv xwb ob hom reeds . Cia peb ua tib zoo saib ob hom no:

1. Thawj saib- ib tug cane, uas tuaj yeem hu ua ib leeg-edged lossis ib tus nplaig pas dej. Piv txwv ntawm bagpipes nrog ib tug reed: Swedish sakpipa, Belarusian duda, Bulgarian phau ntawv qhia. Cov pas nrig no zoo li lub tog raj kheej uas kaw ntawm ib kawg. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub reed muaj tus nplaig lossis, raws li nws tseem hu ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, lub suab nrov. Tus nplaig tuaj yeem ua rau nyias nyias los ntawm cov reed thiab muab khi rau nws. Qee lub sij hawm tus nplaig yog ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov cuab yeej thiab yog ib qho me me ntawm cov khoom sib cais los ntawm reed nws tus kheej. Thaum ua si lub bagpipe, lub reed vibrates, yog li tsim suab vibrations. Qhov no yog li cas suab raug tsim. Tsis muaj ib yam khoom los ntawm cov canes ib leeg yog tsim. Nws tuaj yeem yog - reed, reed, yas, tooj dag, bronze thiab txawm laus thiab xyoob. Xws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau nce mus ua ke canes. Piv txwv li, lub cev ntawm tus pas nrig yuav ua los ntawm xyoob, thaum tus nplaig yuav ua los ntawm yas. Ib qho canes yooj yim ua. Yog xav tau, lawv tuaj yeem ua tau hauv tsev. Bagpipes nrog lub raj zoo li no txawv ntawm lub suab ntsiag to thiab mos. Cov ntawv sau sab saud yog nrov tshaj qhov qis dua.
   

   Swedish kev cai

2. thib ob saib- ib tug khub cane, uas kuj yuav ua tau ob los yog ob-bladed. Piv txwv ntawm bagpipes nrog ob lub reed: gaita gallega, GHB, me me yeeb nkab, uillean yeeb nkab. Los ntawm lub npe nws tus kheej nws yog tseeb hais tias xws li ib tug pas nrig yuav tsum muaj ob yam. Tseeb tiag, nws yog ob daim hlau reed khi ua ke. Cov phaj no yog ntsia rau ntawm tus pin thiab sharpened nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev. Tsis muaj qhov tsis meej meej rau cov duab ntawm cov canes lossis txoj kev uas lawv sharpened. Cov qauv no txawv nyob ntawm tus tswv thiab hom bagpipe. Yog tias cov canes ib leeg tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ntau, ces cov canes ua ke yog ntau dua capricious hauv qhov no. Cov khoom siv tsawg yog siv rau lawv: Arundo Donax reed thiab qee hom yas. Qee zaum broom sorghum kuj tseem siv tau. Nyob rau hauv ib tug khub pas nrig, oscillatory txav yog tsim los ntawm "sponges" ntawm tus pas nrig nws tus kheej, lawv txav vim huab cua dhau ntawm lawv. Ob-reed bagpipes suab nrov dua ib-reed bagpipes.

Gaita Galega

Ntoo yog ib yam khoom muag heev. Nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias txhua tsob ntoo muab qee qhov ntxoov ntxoo rau lub suab. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, yog qhov zoo, tab sis muaj qee qhov pitfalls. Cov qhov tseeb yog tias tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tuav thiab saib xyuas tas li los ntawm tus kws ntaus nkauj. Nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj ob tus neeg zoo ib yam, tsis muaj ob lub cuab yeej zoo ib yam. Txawm tias ob qho tib si twj paj nruag ua los ntawm tib ntoo yuav suab txawv me ntsis. Ntoo, zoo li txhua yam khoom siv ntuj tsim, yog qhov yooj yim heev. Nws tuaj yeem tawg, tawg, lossis khoov.

Cov kab yas  tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas zoo li no. Cov twj siv yas tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ib yam, yog li cov yas feem ntau siv los ntawm bagpipe orchestras kom cov twj paj nruag zoo ib yam thiab tsis sawv tawm ntawm cov suab paj nruag dav dav. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog ib lub hnab yas tuaj yeem muab piv rau kev nplua nuj ntawm cov suab nrov nrog cov cuab yeej ua los ntawm cov ntoo zoo.

Hnab

Tam sim no, tag nrho cov khoom siv los ntawm cov hnab ntim khoom tuaj yeem muab faib ua tej yam ntuj tso thiab hluavtaws . Synthetic: leatherette, roj hmab, banner ntaub, gore-tex. Qhov zoo ntawm lub hnab ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog tias lawv yog airtight thiab tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas ntxiv. Ib tug loj qhov tsis zoo ntawm synthetics (nrog rau kev zam ntawm Gortex membrane ntaub) yog tias cov hnab zoo li no tsis txhob tso dej tawm. Qhov no muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov reeds thiab ntoo ntawm qhov ntsuas. Xws li cov hnab yuav tsum tau qhuav tom qab qhov kev ua si. Lub hnab Gortex yog deprived ntawm qhov tsis zoo no. Cov ntaub ntawm lub hnab zoo kawg nkaus khaws cia siab, tab sis cia dej vapor tawm.

Cov khoom siv ntuj hnab yog tsim los ntawm tsiaj tawv nqaij los yog zais zis. Cov hnab zoo li no, hauv kev xav ntawm cov pipers feem ntau, tso cai rau koj kom hnov ​​​​cov cuab yeej zoo dua, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, cov hnab no xav tau kev saib xyuas ntxiv. Piv txwv li, impregnation nrog cov sib txuas tshwj xeeb kom ceev ceev thiab tiv thaiv kom qhuav ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hnab no yuav tsum tau qhuav tom qab qhov kev ua si.

Tam sim no, ua ke hnab ob txheej (Gortex sab hauv, tawv sab nraud) tau tshwm sim hauv khw. Cov hnab no muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab cov hnab ntuj, tsis muaj qee qhov tsis zoo, thiab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov hnab zoo li no muaj ntau txog tam sim no tsuas yog rau Great Scottish bagpipe.

Qhov loj ntawm lub hnab bagpipe tuaj yeem ua tau ob npaug - loj lossis me. Yog li ntawd, Italian bagpipe zampogna muaj ib lub hnab loj, thiab lub zais zis yeeb nkab muaj ib tug me me. Qhov ntev ntawm lub hnab feem ntau nyob ntawm tus tswv. Txhua tus ua nws ntawm lawv tus kheej kev txiav txim siab. Txawm tias muaj ntau hom bagpipes, lub hnab yuav txawv. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog Scottish bagpipe, nws lub hnab loj yog tus qauv. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv lub hnab me me, nruab nrab lossis loj raws li koj qhov siab thiab tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua lub cev cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab xaiv qhov loj ntawm lub hnab. Txhawm rau xaiv "koj" lub hnab, koj yuav tsum ua si qhov ntsuas, "sim" nws. Yog tias qhov ntsuas tsis ua rau koj tsis xis nyob, uas yog, koj tsis ntsoos mus rau sab, koj txhais tes so, ces koj tau pom koj lub hnab .

Ntau yam ntawm bagpipes

Great Scottish bagpipe (Great Highland Bagpipes, Piob-mhor)

Scottish bagpipe yog lub npe nrov tshaj plaws thiab nrov tshaj plaws niaj hnub no. Nws muaj peb bourdons (bass bass thaj tsam thiab ob tenors), ib tug chanter nrog 8 qhov ua si (9 sau ntawv) thiab ib lub raj rau tshuab cua. Lub kaw lus yog los ntawm SI bimol, tab sis nrog cov suab paj nruag, lub Highland system raug xaiv los ua Ib qho loj (rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ua si nrog lwm cov twj paj nruag hauv Asmeskas, lawv txawm pib tsim cov qauv ntawm cov bagpipes hauv A). Lub suab seev nrov nrov heev. Siv nyob rau hauv Scottish tub rog bands "Pipe Bands"

Great Scottish bagpipe

Irish bagpipe (Uillean Pipes)

Daim ntawv niaj hnub ntawm Irish bagpipe thaum kawg tau tsim tsuas yog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim. Qhov no yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws bagpipes nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov respects. Nws muaj ob chav reed chanter nrog ib ntau yam ntawm ob octave. Yog hais tias muaj li qub ntawm lub chanter (5 daim) - tag nrho chromaticity. Cua raug yuam rau hauv lub hnab los ntawm ib tug qav (nws hloov tawm ib qho kev xyaum: ib lub hnab, ib tug chanter thiab ib tug qav).
Peb lub Uilleann Pipes drones tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub qhov dej ntws thiab ua kom nyob rau hauv ib qho octave txheeb ze rau ib leeg. Thaum qhib nrog lub valve tshwj xeeb (nres qhov tseem ceeb), lawv muab lub suab zoo heev uas nplua nuj nyob rau hauv overtones. Nres qhov tseem ceeb (hloov pauv) yog qhov yooj yim rau kev tua lossis tig ntawm lub drones thaum lub sijhawm hauv kev ua si. Xws li ib txheej hu ua Halfset.
Muaj ob lub qhov ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub collector saum toj no cov drones, uas nyob rau hauv ib nrab teeb feem ntau yog ntsaws nrog plugs. Tenor thiab baritone regulators raug tso rau hauv lawv. Lub bass tswj yog superimposed nyob rau sab ntawm lub manifold thiab nws muaj nws tus kheej ntws.
Regulators muaj tag nrho ntawm 13 - 14 li qub, uas feem ntau raug kaw. Lawv suab tsuas yog thaum tus neeg uas ua ntawv nias lawv thaum ua si nrog ntug ntawm oni ntxhov siab los yog ntiv tes hauv Slow air. Cov regulators zoo li drones, tab sis lawv yog tiag tiag peb hloov chanters nrog conical drilling thiab ob chanter reed. Tag nrho cov cuab yeej sib dhos yog hu ua Fullset.
Uilleannpipes yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas tus kws ntaus nkauj tuaj yeem rho tawm txog 7 lub suab los ntawm nws tib lub sijhawm. Vim nws txoj kev nyuaj, ntau yam thiab aristocracy, nws muaj txhua txoj cai hu ua lub crowning ua tiav ntawm lub tswv yim bagpipe.

Irish hnab

Galician gaita (Galician Gaita)

Hauv Galicia, muaj txog plaub hom bagpipes. Tab sis Galician Gaita (Gaita Gallega) tau txais koob meej tshaj plaws, feem ntau yog vim nws cov suab paj nruag zoo. Qhov ib thiab ib nrab octave ntau yam (kev hloov mus rau qhov thib ob octave yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev nce lub siab ntawm lub hnab) thiab yuav luag tiav chromaticity ntawm chanter, ua ke nrog cov suab paj nruag thiab suab paj nruag. stamp ntawm cov twj paj nruag, ua rau nws yog ib lub bagpipes nrov tshaj plaws rau cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov cuab yeej tau nthuav dav hauv 15th thiab 16th centuries, ces kev txaus siab rau nws faded, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th nws twb revived dua. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th muaj lwm qhov poob mus txog rau xyoo 1970.
Lub ntiv tes ntawm qhov ntsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaw lus, nrog rau cov ntiv tes ntawm Renaissance thiab medieval seev (shawl, krumhorn). Kuj tseem muaj tus ntiv tes laus (ib nrab kaw) hu ua "pechado", tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm niaj hnub Gaita Gallega thiab Gaita Asturiana ntiv tes. Tam sim no nws tsis tshua siv.

Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm Gaita bagpipes hauv Galicia:

1. Tumbal gaita (Roucadora)
   Qhov loj tshaj plaws gaita thiab qis tshaj hauv stamp , B ca tuning, chanter tuning yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev kaw tag nrho cov ntiv tes qhov tsuas yog qhov qis dua rau tus ntiv tes me ntsis.
   Muaj ob lub drones - ib tug octave thiab ib tug thib tsib.
2. Gaita Normal (Redonda)
   Qhov no yog qhov nruab nrab bagpipe thiab feem ntau. Feem ntau nws muaj ib qho ntses bass thaj tsam octave drone, tsawg dua ob lub drones ( lub thib ob tenor yuav luag ib txwm nyob rau hauv ib qho octave los yog dominant).
   Muaj cov piv txwv nrog plaub drones bass, baritone, tenor, sopranino.
   Tsim kom muaj.
3. Gaita Grileira (zeeg)
   Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, finest thiab siab tshaj nyob rau hauv stamp (kev lig kev cai muaj ib tug bass drone ib octave). Tsim Re.

Galician kev

Belarusian Duda

Duda yog pej xeem cua reed suab paj nruag. Nws yog ib lub hnab tawv me nrog lub me me "txiv mis" raj rau sau nws nrog huab cua thiab ob peb lub raj ua si uas muaj lub suab nrov nrog ib tus nplaig ua los ntawm reed lossis goose ( qaib ntxhw) plaub. Thaum ua si, dudar inflates lub hnab, nias nws nrog lub luj tshib ntawm sab laug tes, huab cua nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab ua rau tus nplaig vibrate. Lub suab muaj zog thiab ntse. Duda tau paub hauv Belarus txij thaum xyoo pua 16th.

Belarusian Duda

Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub bagpipe