Formant |

hom ntawv (los ntawm lat. formans, genus formantis – forming) – ib cheeb tsam ntawm amplified ib nrab tones nyob rau hauv lub spectrum ntawm muses. suab, suab ntawm kev hais lus, nrog rau cov overtones lawv tus kheej, uas txiav txim siab lub originality ntawm timbre ntawm lub suab; ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov ntoo. F. sawv Ch. arr. nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm resonators (hauv kev hais lus, hu nkauj - lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, thiab lwm yam., nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag - lub cev, huab cua ntim, soundboard, thiab lwm yam), yog li ntawd lawv qhov chaw siab tshaj nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus. suab nrov. Lub sij hawm "F." qhia los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb hais lus, tus kws kho mob physiologist L. Herman kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qee cov lus los ntawm lwm tus. G. Helmholtz tau ua ntau qhov kev sim ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus ntawm kev hais lus siv cov kav dej hauv lub cev hauv ib txoj hauv kev. Nws tau raug tsim los hais tias lub suab "u" yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce hauv ib nrab lub suab ntawm 200 mus rau 400 hertz, "o" - 400-600 hertz, "a" - 800-1200, "e" - 400-600 thiab 2200-2600, "thiab"- 200-400 thiab 3000-3500 hertz. Hauv kev hu nkauj, ntxiv rau cov kev hais lus ib txwm muaj, cov yam ntxwv chanters tshwm sim. F.; ib tug ntawm lawv yog ib tug neeg hu nkauj siab. F. (kwv yees li 3000 hertz) muab lub suab "brilliance", "silverness", pab rau lub "flight" ntawm lub suab, zoo intelligibility ntawm vowels thiab consonants; lwm yam - qis (txog 500 hertz) muab lub suab softness, roundness. F. muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov muses. cuab yeej. Piv txwv li, lub flute yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm F. los ntawm 1400 txog 1700 hertz, rau oboe - 1600-2000, rau lub bassoon - 450-500 hertz; nyob rau hauv lub spectrum ntawm zoo nkauj violins - 240-270, 500-550 thiab 3200-4200 hertz (qhov thib ob thiab thib peb F. yog ze rau F. hu nkauj suab). Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim cov timbre thiab kev tswj timbre yog dav siv hauv kev hais lus synthesis, hauv electromusic. cov cuab yeej, hauv suab engineering (magnetic thiab kaw, xov tooj cua, TV, xinesmas).

References: Rzhevkin SN, Hnov thiab hais lus nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm niaj hnub kev tshawb fawb lub cev, M. – L., 1928, 1936; Rabinovich AV, Short course of music acoustics, M., 1930; Solovieva AI, Fundamentals of the Psychology of hearing, L., 1972; Helmholtz H., Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen als physiologische Grundlage für die Theorie der Musik, Braunschweig, 1863, Hildesheim, 1968 ); Hermann L., Phonophotographische Untersuchungen, “Pflger's Archiv”, Bd 1875, 45, Bd 1889, 47, Bd 1890, 53, Bd 1893, 58, Bd 1894, 59; Stumpf C., Die Sprachlaute, B., 1895; Trendelenburg F., Einführung in die Akustik, V., 1926, V.-Gött.-Hdlb., 1939.

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