Evgeny Gedeonovich Mogilevsky |

Evgeny Mogilevsky

Evgeny Gedeonovich Mogilevsky yog los ntawm tsev neeg suab paj nruag. Nws niam nws txiv yog xib fwb ntawm Odessa Conservatory. Niam, Serafima Leonidovna, uas ib zaug kawm nrog GG Neuhaus, txij thaum pib tag nrho saib xyuas nws tus tub txoj kev kawm suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv nws kev saib xyuas, nws zaum ntawm lub piano thawj zaug (qhov no yog nyob rau hauv 1952, cov tshooj lus tau tuav nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nto moo Stolyarsky) thiab nws, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo, kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no. Mogilevsky hais tias "Nws ntseeg tias nws tsis yooj yim rau cov niam txiv uas ua suab paj nruag qhia lawv cov menyuam, thiab rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm lawv cov txheeb ze," Mogilevsky hais. “Tej zaum qhov no yog li ntawd. Tsuas yog kuv tsis hnov. Thaum kuv los rau hauv kuv niam lub chav kawm lossis thaum peb ua haujlwm hauv tsev, muaj ib tug kws qhia ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob ib sab - thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Niam lossi nrhiav tej yam tshiab – cov tswv yim, kev qhia. Kuv ib txwm nyiam nws ”…

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Txij li thaum 1963 Mogilevsky nyob rau hauv Moscow. Qee lub sij hawm, hmoov tsis luv, nws kawm nrog GG Neuhaus; tom qab nws tuag, nrog SG Neuhaus thiab, thaum kawg, nrog YI Zak. "Los ntawm Yakov Izrailevich kuv tau kawm ntau yam uas kuv tsis muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Hais lus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv dav dav tshaj plaws, nws qhuab qhia kuv qhov kev ua yeeb yam. Raws li, kuv qhov kev ua si. Kev sib txuas lus nrog nws, txawm tias nws tsis yooj yim rau kuv ntawm qee lub sijhawm, yog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo. Kuv tsis tau tso tseg kev kawm nrog Yakov Izrailevich txawm tias tom qab kawm tiav, tseem nyob hauv nws chav kawm ua tus pab.

Puas tau txij li thaum yau, Mogilevsky tau siv rau theem - thaum muaj cuaj xyoo nws ua si nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib thawj zaug, thaum kaum ib nws ua yeeb yam nrog ib tug orchestra. Qhov pib ntawm nws cov hauj lwm artistic yog reminiscent ntawm zoo xws li biography ntawm cov me nyuam prodigies, hmoov zoo, tsuas yog thaum pib. Geeks feem ntau yog "tau txaus" rau lub sijhawm luv luv, ntau xyoo; Mogilevsky, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tau nce ntau thiab ntau dua txhua xyoo. Thiab thaum nws muaj kaum cuaj, nws lub koob meej nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag lub voj voog tau los ua universal. Qhov no tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1964, hauv Brussels, ntawm Kev Sib Tw Poj huab tais Elizabeth.

Nws tau txais thawj qhov khoom plig hauv Brussels. Kev yeej tau yeej nyob rau hauv kev sib tw uas tau ntev tau suav tias yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws: nyob rau hauv lub peev ntawm Belgium, rau ib qho laj thawj, koj tuaj yeem ua tau. tsis txhob noj qhov khoom plig; koj tsis tuaj yeem coj nws los ntawm kev sib tsoo. Ntawm Mogilevsky cov neeg sib tw muaj ob peb tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag zoo heev, suav nrog ntau tus masters tshwj xeeb hauv chav kawm siab. Nws tsis zoo li tias nws yuav dhau los ua thawj yog tias kev sib tw tau tuav raws li cov qauv "nws cov txheej txheem zoo dua". Txhua yam lub sijhawm no txiav txim siab lwm yam - qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm nws cov txuj ci.

Yog. I. Zak ib zaug hais txog Mogilevsky tias muaj "ntau tus cwj pwm ntxim nyiam" hauv nws qhov kev ua si (Zak Ya. In Brussels // Sov. Music. 1964. No. 9. P. 72.). GG Neuhaus, txawm tias ntsib tus tub hluas rau lub sijhawm luv luv, tau tswj xyuas pom tias nws "zoo nraug heev, muaj kev ntxim nyiam ntawm tib neeg, sib haum xeeb nrog nws cov txuj ci zoo nkauj" (Neigauz GG Reflections of a jury member // Neugauz GG Reflections, memoirs, diaries. Cov ntawv xaiv. Cov ntawv rau niam txiv. p. 115.). Ob leeg Zach thiab Neuhaus tau hais qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tib yam, txawm hais tias sib txawv. Ob leeg txhais tau hais tias yog kev ntxim nyiam yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo txawm tias yooj yim, "txhua hnub" kev sib txuas lus ntawm tib neeg, nws tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau tus kws kos duab - tus neeg uas mus rau theem, sib txuas lus nrog ntau pua, txhiab tus neeg. Ob leeg pom tias Mogilevsky tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog qhov khoom plig zoo siab (thiab tsis tshua muaj!) txij thaum yug los. Qhov no "tus kheej ntxim nyiam," raws li Zach muab tso rau, coj Mogilevsky kev vam meej nyob rau hauv nws thaum yau ua yeeb yam; Tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab nws txoj hmoo zoo nkauj hauv Brussels. Nws tseem nyiam cov neeg mus rau nws concerts rau hnub no.

(Thaum ntxov, ntau dua ib zaug nws tau hais txog qhov dav dav uas coj qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab kev ua yeeb yam ua ke. "Koj puas paub cov neeg ua yeeb yam uas tsuas yog yuav tsum tau tshwm sim ntawm theem, thiab cov neeg tuaj saib twb hlub lawv?" sau KS Stanislavsky. " Vim li cas? (Stanislavsky KS Ua hauj lwm rau tus kheej hauv cov txheej txheem muaj tswv yim ntawm incarnation // Sau tej hauj lwm – M., 1955. T. 3. S. 234.))

Lub ntxim nyiam ntawm Mogilevsky ua ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam, yog tias peb tso tseg ib qho "tsis paub" thiab "tsis paub meej", yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws intonation: mos, ntxim nyiam insinuating; tus pianist lub intonations-kev tsis txaus siab, intonations-sighs, "sau" ntawm kev sib tw thov, kev thov Vajtswv yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav. Piv txwv suav nrog Mogilevsky qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov pib ntawm Chopin's Fourth Ballade, ib lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov thib peb ntawm Schumann's Fantasy hauv C loj, uas yog ib qho ntawm nws txoj kev vam meej; ib tug yuav nco qab ntau heev nyob rau hauv lub thib ob Sonata thiab lub thib peb Concerto ntawm Rachmaninov, nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Tchaikovsky, Scriabin thiab lwm yam sau ntawv. Nws lub suab piano kuj ntxim nyiam - suab paj nruag, qee zaum ntxim nyiam languid, zoo li lub suab paj nruag tenor hauv opera - lub suab uas zoo li ntim nrog bliss, warmth, aromatic xim. (Qee lub sij hawm, ib yam dab tsi sultry, aroma, thickly ntsim nyob rau hauv cov xim - zoo li nyob rau hauv Mogilevsky lub suab sketches, tsis yog qhov no tshwj xeeb ntxim nyiam?)

Thaum kawg, tus kws ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam kuj tseem ntxim nyiam, nws coj tus cwj pwm ntawm tib neeg: nws tshwm sim ntawm theem, ua yeeb yam thaum lub sijhawm ua si, gestures. Nyob rau hauv nws, nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov tsos tom qab lub cuab tam, muaj ob lub puab delicacy thiab zoo yug me nyuam, uas ua rau ib tug involuntary disposition rau nws. Mogilevsky ntawm nws clavirabends tsis yog tsuas yog qab ntxiag rau mloog, nws yog qhov zoo rau saib nws.

Cov artist yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo nyob rau hauv lub romantic repertoire. Nws tau ntev tau lees paub rau nws tus kheej hauv cov haujlwm xws li Schumann's Kreisleriana thiab F ntse me me novelta, Liszt's sonata hauv B me, etudes thiab Petrarch's Sonnets, Fantasia thiab Fugue ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm Liszt's Opera Tus Yaj Saub - Busoni, impromptu thiab Schubert's. ", sonatas thiab Chopin's Second Piano Concerto. Nws yog nyob rau hauv no suab paj nruag uas nws cuam tshuam rau cov neeg tuaj saib yog feem ntau pom, nws theem magnetism, nws zoo kawg li muaj peev xwm mus. kis mob lawv tej kev paub ntawm lwm tus. Nws tshwm sim hais tias qee lub sij hawm dhau mus tom qab lub rooj sib tham tom ntej nrog tus pianist thiab koj pib xav tias: puas tsis muaj qhov ci ntsa iab ntau dua hauv nws cov lus qhia txog qhov tob? Kev ntxim nyiam ntxim nyiam tshaj li qhov nkag siab hauv suab paj nruag li kev xav, kev xav ntawm sab ntsuj plig, kev nkag siab ntawm tus kheej? .. Nws tsuas yog xav paub tias tag nrho cov kev xav no tuaj rau hauv lub siab tom qabthaum Mogilevsky conchaet ua si.

Nws yog qhov nyuaj dua rau nws nrog cov classics. Mogilevsky, sai li sai tau thaum lawv hais lus rau nws ntawm lub ncauj lus no ua ntej, feem ntau teb tias Bach, Scarlatti, Hynd, Mozart tsis yog "nws" tus kws sau ntawv. (Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv me ntsis - tab sis ntxiv rau qhov ntawd tom qab.) Cov no yog, pom tseeb, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm pianist lub tswv yim "psychology": nws yooj yim dua rau nws. qhib nyob rau hauv post-Beethov music. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm qhov tseem ceeb - tus kheej cov khoom ntawm nws cov txheej txheem ua.

Cov kab hauv qab yog tias nyob rau hauv Mogilevsky nws ib txwm manifested nws tus kheej los ntawm lub feem ntau zoo sab precisely nyob rau hauv lub romantic repertoire. Rau pictorial decorativeness, "xim" dominated nyob rau hauv nws nyob rau hauv lub kos duab, ib tug muaj yeeb yuj qhov chaw - tshaj ib tug graphically meej qauv, ib tug tuab suab stroke - dhau qhuav, pedalless stroke. Qhov loj yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov me, poetic "general" - tshaj qhov tshwj xeeb, nthuav dav, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua kom nthuav dav.

Nws tshwm sim hais tias nyob rau hauv Mogilevsky qhov kev ua si ib tug yuav hnov ​​​​ib co sketchiness, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv nws txhais lus ntawm Chopin's preludes, etudes, thiab lwm yam. Tus pianist lub suab contours zoo li yuav plooj me ntsis nyob rau lub sij hawm (Ravel's "Night Gaspar", Scriabin's miniatures, Debussy's "Images ”, “Duab ntawm Exhibition” Mussorgsky, thiab lwm yam.) - ib yam li nws tuaj yeem pom hauv cov duab kos duab ntawm cov neeg nyiam ua yeeb yam. Undoubtedly, nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm ib yam - uas, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, uas tau yug los ntawm ib tug spontaneous romantic impulse - cov txheej txheem no yog ob qho tib si txaus nyiam thiab zoo nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev. Tab sis tsis yog nyob rau hauv classics, tsis nyob rau hauv lub meej thiab pob tshab suab tsim ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX.

Mogilevsky tsis tso tseg ua haujlwm hnub no ntawm "ua tiav" nws cov txuj ci. Qhov no kuj xav tau los ntawm uas nws ua si - dab tsi sau ntawv thiab ua haujlwm nws hais txog - thiab yog li ntawd, as tam sim no nws saib ntawm qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj. Nws yog cov tsos mob uas ob peb ntawm Haydn's sonatas thiab Mozart's piano concertos rov kawm tau tshwm sim hauv nws cov kev pab cuam ntawm nruab nrab thiab lig eighties; nkag mus rau cov kev pab cuam no thiab ruaj khov nyob rau hauv lawv xws li plays "Elegy" thiab "Tambourine" los ntawm Rameau-Godowsky, "Giga" los ntawm Lully-Godowsky. Thiab ntxiv. Beethoven cov lus sau tau pib suab ntau thiab ntau dua thaum yav tsaus ntuj - piano concertos (tag nrho tsib), 33 variations ntawm Waltz los ntawm Diabelli, Nees nkaum cuaj, Peb caug-ob thiab ib co lwm yam sonatas, Fantasia rau piano, hu nkauj thiab orchestra, thiab lwm yam. Tau kawg, nws muab kev paub txog kev nyiam rau cov classics uas tuaj nrog xyoo rau txhua tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag loj. Tab sis tsis yog xwb. Evgeny Gedeonovich lub siab tsis tu ncua los txhim kho, txhim kho "thev naus laus zis" ntawm nws qhov kev ua si kuj muaj txiaj ntsig. Thiab cov classics nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog indispensable ...

Mogilevsky hais tias "Hnub no kuv ntsib teeb meem uas kuv tsis tau them nyiaj txaus rau kuv cov hluas," Mogilevsky hais. Paub txog cov ntsiab lus muaj tswv yim txog keeb kwm ntawm pianist, nws tsis yooj yim los twv seb dab tsi yog zais tom qab cov lus no. Qhov tseeb yog tias nws, ib tug neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, ua si qhov cuab yeej txij thaum yau tsis muaj kev siv zog ntau; nws muaj ob qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo sab. Tsis zoo - vim tias muaj kev ua tiav hauv kev kos duab uas tau txais txiaj ntsig tsuas yog los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam tawv ncauj kov yeej "tsis kam ntawm cov khoom." Tchaikovsky tau hais tias muaj tswv yim muaj hmoo feem ntau yuav tsum tau "ua haujlwm tawm". Ib yam, ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv lub profession ntawm ib tug ua suab paj nruag.

Mogilevsky xav tau kev txhim kho nws cov txheej txheem kev ua si, ua tiav kev ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm sab nrauv, kho kom zoo nkauj hauv kev txhim kho cov ntsiab lus, tsis yog tsuas yog txhawm rau nkag mus rau qee qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov classics - Scarlatti, Haydn lossis Mozart. Qhov no kuj yuav tsum tau los ntawm cov suab paj nruag uas nws feem ntau ua. Txawm hais tias nws ua tau zoo, lees paub, zoo heev, piv txwv li, Medtner's E minor sonata, lossis Bartok's sonata (1926), Liszt's First Concerto lossis Prokofiev's Second. Tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag paub - thiab niaj hnub no zoo dua li yav dhau los - tias leej twg xav nce siab tshaj qib "zoo" lossis txawm tias "zoo heev" kev ua si yuav tsum muaj hnub no kom muaj kev txawj ntse, kev ua yeeb yam. Qhov ntawd tsuas yog qhov tsuas yog "tsim txom" xwb.

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Nyob rau hauv 1987, ib tug nthuav tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Mogilevsky. Nws tau raug caw los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm pawg neeg txiav txim plaub ntug ntawm Poj huab tais Elizabeth Kev Sib Tw hauv Brussels - tib yam uas nws ib zaug, 27 xyoo dhau los, yeej tau txais txiaj ntsig kub. Nws nco qab ntau, xav txog ntau yam thaum nws nyob ntawm lub rooj ntawm pawg neeg txiav txim plaub ntug - thiab txog txoj kev nws tau taug kev txij li xyoo 1964, txog qhov tau ua tiav, ua tiav lub sijhawm no, thiab txog yam tseem tsis tau ua tiav, tsis tau muab coj los siv raws li qhov koj xav tau. Cov kev xav zoo li no, uas qee zaum nyuaj rau kev tsim thiab nthuav dav kom raug, yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj tswv yim: coj kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab rau hauv tus ntsuj plig, lawv zoo li lub zog uas txhawb kom lawv mus tom ntej.

Hauv Brussels, Mogilevsky hnov ​​ntau tus tub ntxhais hluas pianists los ntawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Yog li nws tau txais, raws li nws hais, ib lub tswv yim ntawm qee yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm piano niaj hnub. Tshwj xeeb, nws zoo nkaus li rau nws tias tam sim no txoj kev tiv thaiv kev sib hlub tau ua tiav ntau dua thiab meej.

Thaum kawg ntawm XNUMXs, muaj lwm yam kev lom zem ua yeeb yam thiab cov rooj sib tham rau Mogilev; muaj ntau lub suab paj nruag zoo nkauj uas cuam tshuam rau nws, zoo siab rau nws, tshuav ib txoj hauv kev hauv nws lub cim xeeb. Piv txwv li, nws tsis nkees ntawm kev sib koom cov kev xav zoo siab los ntawm Evgeny Kissin cov concerts. Thiab nws tuaj yeem nkag siab: hauv kev kos duab, qee zaum tus neeg laus tuaj yeem kos tau, kawm los ntawm tus menyuam tsis muaj tsawg dua tus menyuam los ntawm tus neeg laus. Kissin feem ntau impresses Mogilevsky. Tej zaum nws xav tias nyob rau hauv nws ib yam dab tsi zoo li nws tus kheej - txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb nco ntsoov lub sijhawm thaum nws tus kheej pib nws txoj haujlwm theem. Yevgeny Gedeonovich nyiam cov tub ntxhais hluas pianist ua si kuj vim nws khiav tawm tsam "kev tawm tsam kev sib hlub" nws pom hauv Brussels.

…Mogilevsky yog ib tug active concerter. Nws yeej ib txwm tau hlub los ntawm cov pej xeem, los ntawm nws thawj thawj kauj ruam ntawm theem. Peb hlub nws rau nws cov txuj ci, uas, txawm tias tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv, qauv, saj thiab fashions, tau ua thiab yuav nyob twj ywm "tus naj npawb ib" tus nqi hauv kev kos duab. Txhua yam tuaj yeem ua tiav, ua tiav, "extorted" tsuas yog rau txoj cai hu ua Talent. ("Koj tuaj yeem qhia yuav ua li cas ntxiv metres, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem kawm ntxiv cov lus piv txwv," Aristotle ib zaug hais.) Mogilevsky, txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntseeg txoj cai no.

G. Tsipin