Suab paj nruag txawv teb chaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th

Lub siab xav ntawm cov kws sau nkauj los ua kom tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm chromatic scale tso cai rau peb los qhia txog lub sijhawm sib cais hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev kawm suab paj nruag txawv teb chaws, uas tau sau tseg cov kev ua tiav ntawm ntau pua xyoo dhau los thiab npaj tib neeg kev nco qab rau kev xaav ntawm cov suab paj nruag sab nraud. 12-tone system.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau muab lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag 4 lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub npe niaj hnub: impressionism, expressionism, neoclassicism thiab neofolklorism - tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tsis tsuas yog nrhiav cov hom phiaj sib txawv, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg hauv tib lub suab paj nruag.

Kev tshoov siab

Tom qab ua tib zoo ua hauj lwm kom tus kheej ib tug neeg thiab qhia nws lub ntiaj teb sab hauv, suab paj nruag tsiv mus rau nws impressions, piv txwv li yuav ua li cas ib tug neeg perceives ib puag ncig thiab lub ntiaj teb no. Kev tawm tsam ntawm qhov tseeb tiag thiab kev npau suav tau muab txoj hauv kev rau kev xav ntawm ib qho thiab lwm qhov. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev hloov pauv no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev txav ntawm tib lub npe hauv Fab Kis cov duab zoo nkauj.

Ua tsaug rau cov duab kos ntawm Claude Monet, Puvis de Chavannes, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec thiab Paul Cézanne, cov suab paj nruag tau ntxim nyiam rau lub nroog, qhov muag plooj vim lub caij nplooj zeeg nag, kuj yog ib qho duab kos duab uas tuaj yeem ua tau. conveyed los ntawm suab.

Suab paj nruag impressionism thawj zaug tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thaum Erik Satie luam tawm nws opuses ("Sylvia", "Angels", "Peb Sarabands"). Nws, nws tus phooj ywg Claude Debussy thiab lawv cov thwjtim Maurice Ravel txhua tus tau txais kev tshoov siab thiab txhais tau tias kev qhia los ntawm kev pom kev pom.

Kev Tshaj Tawm

Expressionism, tsis zoo li impressionism, qhia tsis yog ib qho kev xav sab hauv, tab sis ib qho kev tshwm sim sab nraud ntawm kev paub. Nws pib nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Austria. Expressionism tau los ua ib qho kev tshwm sim rau Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, rov qab cov neeg sau rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cav ntawm tib neeg thiab kev muaj tiag, uas muaj nyob rau hauv L. Beethoven thiab romantics. Tam sim no qhov kev tawm tsam no muaj lub sijhawm los qhia nws tus kheej nrog tag nrho 12 sau ntawv ntawm European suab paj nruag.

Tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev nthuav qhia thiab suab paj nruag txawv teb chaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog Arnold Schoenberg. Nws tau tsim lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tshiab Viennese thiab tau los ua tus sau ntawm dodecaphony thiab serial txheej txheem.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Vienna Tshiab yog los hloov lub suab paj nruag "tseem ceeb" suab paj nruag nrog cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tshiab cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm dodecaphony, seriality, seriality thiab pointillism.

Ntxiv rau Schoenberg, lub tsev kawm ntawv suav nrog Anton Webern, Alban Berg, Rene Leibowitz, Victor Ullmann, Theodor Adorno, Heinrich Jalowiec, Hans Eisler thiab lwm tus kws sau nkauj.

Neoclassicism

Cov suab paj nruag txawv teb chaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau nce ib txhij rau ntau cov tswv yim thiab ntau yam kev qhia, uas tam sim ntawd pib cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg thiab cov suab paj nruag ua tiav ntawm ntau pua xyoo dhau los, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev soj ntsuam cov suab paj nruag ntawm lub sijhawm no.

Neoclassicism muaj peev xwm sib haum xeeb nqus ob qho tib si tshiab ntawm 12-tone suab paj nruag thiab cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov qauv ntawm cov classics thaum ntxov. Thaum lub sijhawm sib npaug ntawm kev ua siab ntev pom nws qhov muaj peev xwm thiab kev txwv, neoclassicism tau tsim nws tus kheej los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kawm suab paj nruag thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.

Tus neeg sawv cev loj tshaj plaws ntawm neoclassicism hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees yog Paul Hindemith.

Hauv Fab Kis, ib lub zej zog hu ua "Six" tau tsim, uas nws cov kws sau ntawv hauv lawv txoj haujlwm tau coj los ntawm Erik Satie (tus tsim ntawm kev xav) thiab Jean Cocteau. Lub koom haum suav nrog Louis Durey, Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc, Germaine Taillefer thiab Georges Auric. Txhua leej txhua tus tig mus rau Fabkis classicism, coj nws mus rau lub neej niaj hnub ntawm lub nroog loj, siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws.

Neofollorism

Lub fusion ntawm folklore nrog modernity coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm neofolklorism. Nws tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb yog Hungarian tus kws sau ntawv tshiab Bela Bartok. Nws tau hais txog "kev coj dawb huv ntawm haiv neeg" hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm txhua haiv neeg, cov tswv yim uas nws tau hais hauv phau ntawv tib lub npe.

Nov yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov kho kev kos duab uas muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag txawv teb chaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Muaj lwm qhov kev faib tawm ntawm lub sijhawm no, ib qho ntawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm sau sab nraud ntawm tonality thaum lub sijhawm no mus rau thawj nthwv dej ntawm avant-garde.