Hluav taws xob guitar: muaj pes tsawg leeg, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, keeb kwm, hom, kev ua si, siv

Ib qho hluav taws xob guitar yog ib hom plucked ntsuas nruab nrog electromagnetic pickups uas hloov txoj hlua vibrations rau hauv hluav taws xob tam sim no. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob guitar yog ib qho ntawm cov suab paj nruag yau tshaj plaws, nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Outwardly zoo ib yam li cov pa acoustic, tab sis muaj ib tug complex tsim, nruab nrog ntxiv ntsiab.

Ib qho hluav taws xob guitar ua haujlwm li cas

Lub cev ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob yog ua los ntawm maple, mahogany, ntoo tshauv. Lub fretboard yog ua los ntawm ebony, rosewood. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlua yog 6, 7 lossis 8. Cov khoom hnyav 2-3 kg.

Cov qauv ntawm lub caj dab yog yuav luag zoo ib yam li cov acoustic guitar. Muaj frets ntawm tus ntiv tes, thiab tuning pegs ntawm headstock. Lub caj dab yog txuas nrog lub cev nrog cov kua nplaum los yog bolts, hauv nws yog nruab nrog lub thauj tog rau nkoj - tiv thaiv kev khoov vim qhov nro.

Lawv ua ob hom ntawm lub cev: hollow thiab khoom, ob leeg yog tiaj. Hollow hluav taws xob guitars suab velvety, mos, thiab siv nyob rau hauv blues thiab jazz compositions. Ib qho khoom siv ntoo guitar muaj qhov tho ntau dua, lub suab nrov nrov haum rau cov suab paj nruag pob zeb.

Ib qho hluav taws xob guitar yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus uas paub qhov txawv ntawm nws cov txheeb ze acoustic. Cov no yog cov hauv qab no ntawm cov hluav taws xob guitar:

• Choj - kho cov hlua ntawm lub lawj. Nrog tremolo - txav tau, tso cai rau koj hloov txoj hlua nro thiab suab los ntawm ob peb lub suab, ua si vibrato nrog cov hlua qhib. Tsis muaj tremolo - motionless, nrog ib tug yooj yim tsim.
• Pickups yog cov sensors rau kev hloov txoj hlua vibrations rau hauv lub teeb liab hluav taws xob ntawm ob hom: ib leeg-coil, uas muab lub suab huv, zoo tshaj plaws rau kev nyuaj siab thiab lub teb chaws, thiab humbucker, uas ua rau muaj zog, nplua nuj suab, zoo rau pob zeb.

Txawm nyob rau hauv lub cev yog lub suab thiab ntim tswj kev txuas nrog rau cov pickups.

Txhawm rau ua si lub guitar hluav taws xob, koj yuav tsum tau yuav khoom siv:

• combo amplifier - lub ntsiab tseem ceeb rau kev rho tawm lub suab guitar, nws tuaj yeem yog lub raj (zoo tshaj plaws hauv suab) thiab transistor;
• pedals los tsim ntau yam suab nrov;
• processor - ib qho cuab yeej siv rau kev siv ib txhij ntawm ntau lub suab.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm

Cov qauv ntawm 6-txoj hlua hluav taws xob guitar yog tib yam li acoustic ib qho: mi, si, sol, re, la, mi.

Cov hlua tuaj yeem "tso tawm" kom lub suab hnyav dua. Feem ntau, 6th, cov hlua tuab tshaj plaws yog "tso tawm" los ntawm "mi" mus rau "re" thiab hauv qab no. Nws hloov tawm lub kaw lus uas nyiam los ntawm cov hlau hlau, lub npe ntawm uas yog "poob". Hauv 7-txoj hlua hluav taws xob guitars, cov hlua hauv qab feem ntau yog "tso tawm" hauv "B".

Lub suab ntawm hluav taws xob guitar yog muab los ntawm cov khoom siv: ib qho kev sib nqus ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab cov hlau kauj nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Ntawm rooj plaub, lawv yuav zoo li cov hlau phaj.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus nqa khoom yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm txoj hlua vibrations rau hauv kev hloov pauv tam sim no mem tes. Step by step nws tshwm sim li no:

• Cov kev vibrations ntawm txoj hlua propagate nyob rau hauv daim teb tsim los ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
• Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txuas tab sis thaum so guitar, kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom nqa tsis ua rau cov hlau nplaum ua haujlwm.
• Qhov kov ntawm lub tshuab raj mus rau txoj hlua ua rau pom cov hluav taws xob tam sim no hauv lub kauj.
• Cov xaim nqa tam sim no mus rau lub amplifier.

Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm

Nyob rau xyoo 1920, cov neeg ua si blues thiab jazz siv cov suab paj nruag acoustic, tab sis raws li cov hom tsim, nws lub zog sonic pib tsis muaj. Nyob rau hauv 1923, engineer Lloyd Gore tau tuaj nrog ib tug electrostatic hom pickup. Xyoo 1931, Georges Beauchamps tsim cov khoom siv electromagnetic. Yog li pib keeb kwm ntawm hluav taws xob guitar.

Lub ntiaj teb thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob guitar yog lub npe hu ua "frying pan" rau nws lub cev hlau. Nyob rau hauv lub lig 30s, enthusiasts sim muab pickups rau ib tug hollow Spanish guitar los ntawm ib tug classical daim ntawv, tab sis qhov kev sim ua rau distortion ntawm lub suab, lub suab nrov. Cov kws kho tsheb tau tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag los ntawm kev siv ob npaug ntawm qhov rov qab kev taw qhia, damping suab nrov impulses.

Xyoo 1950, tus neeg ua lag luam Leo Fender tau pib Esquire guitars, tom qab ntawd cov qauv tshaj tawm thiab Telecaster tau tshwm sim hauv khw. Lub Stratocaster, daim ntawv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm hluav taws xob guitar, tau qhia rau kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1954. Xyoo 1952, Gibson tso tawm Les Paul, ib qho hluav taws xob guitar uas tau los ua ib qho ntawm cov qauv. Ibanez thawj 8-txoj hlua hluav taws xob guitar tau txiav txim rau Swedish hlau rockers Meshu.

Hom hluav taws xob guitars

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hluav taws xob guitars yog qhov loj. Cov guitars me me yog tsim los ntawm Fender. Lub npe nrov tshaj plaws compact cuab yeej yog Hard Tail Stratocaster.

Nrov hom ntawm hluav taws xob guitars thiab cov khoom nta:

• Lub Stratocaster yog tus qauv Asmeskas nrog 3 tus neeg nqa khoom thiab 5 txoj kev hloov mus nthuav cov suab sib txuas.
• Superstrat - Ameslikas yog ib hom stratocaster nrog sophisticated fittings. Tam sim no lub superstrat yog ib pawg loj ntawm guitars, txawv ntawm nws cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv ib qho txawv txawv lub cev contour ua los ntawm ntau hom ntoo, nrog rau headstock, ib txoj hlua tuav.
• Lespol yog ntau yam qauv ntawm cov duab zoo nkauj nrog lub cev mahogany.
• Telecaster - hluav taws xob guitar, ua nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim style ntawm tshauv los yog alder.
• SG yog thawj horned ntsuas ua los ntawm ib daim ntoo.
• Lub Explorer yog lub hnub qub zoo li guitar nrog lub suab hloov ntawm lub cev ntawm lub cev.
• Randy Rhoads yog luv luv nplai hluav taws xob guitar. Zoo tagnrho rau ceev enumeration.
• Flying V yog ib qho kev sib tw-rov qab guitar nyiam los ntawm cov hlau rockers. Raws li nws, King V tau tsim - tus qauv rau guitarist Robbin Crosby, lub npe menyuam yaus "tus huab tais".
• BC Rich yog qhov zoo nkauj rocker guitars. Cov qauv nrov suav nrog Mockingbird, uas tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1975, thiab Warlock hluav taws xob thiab bass guitar nrog "dab ntxwg nyoog" lub cev contour rau hnyav hlau.
• Lub Firebird yog Gibson thawj cov qauv ntoo txij li xyoo 1963.
• Lub Jazzmaster yog ib qho hluav taws xob guitar tsim txij li xyoo 1958. Lub "lub duav" ntawm lub cev tau hloov mus rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ua si zaum, txij li jazzmen, tsis zoo li rockers, tsis ua si sawv.

Electric guitar ua si cov txheej txheem

Kev xaiv txoj hauv kev los ua si guitar hluav taws xob yog qhov zoo, lawv tuaj yeem txuas thiab hloov pauv. Feem ntau tricks:

• rauj-on - ntaus nrog ntiv tes perpendicular rau lub dav hlau ntawm fretboard ntawm cov hlua;
• rub tawm - qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem dhau los - rhuav cov ntiv tes los ntawm cov hlua suab;
• khoov - txoj hlua nias txav txav mus rau ntawm lub fretboard, lub suab maj mam siab dua;
• swb - txav cov ntiv tes lengthwise cov hlua nce thiab nqis;
• vibrato - trembling ntawm tus ntiv tes ntawm ib txoj hlua;
• trill - ceev hloov pauv ntawm ob daim ntawv;
• rake - hla cov hlua nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim ntawv kawg, tib lub sij hawm txoj hlua kab yog muted nrog rau sab laug ntiv tes;
• flageolet - me ntsis kov nrog ib tug ntiv tes ntawm ib txoj hlua tshaj 3,5,7, 12 txiv ntseej, ces xaiv nrog ib tug plectrum;
• tapping - ua si thawj daim ntawv nrog tus ntiv tes sab xis, tom qab ntawd ua si nrog cov ntiv tes laug.

siv

Feem ntau, hluav taws xob guitars yog siv los ntawm rockers ntawm txhua qhov kev qhia, suav nrog punk thiab lwm pob zeb. Kev txhoj puab heev thiab "torn" suab yog siv hauv cov pob zeb tawv, mos thiab polyphonic - hauv pej xeem.

Hluav taws xob guitar yog xaiv los ntawm jazz thiab blues musicians, tsawg dua los ntawm pop thiab disco ua yeeb yam.

Yuav ua li cas mus xaiv

Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg pib tshiab yog 6-txoj hlua 22-fret ntsuas nrog cov nplai ruaj khov thiab ntsia hlau-ntawm caj dab.

Xaiv qhov zoo guitar ua ntej yuav:

• Tshawb xyuas cov khoom. Xyuas kom tseeb tias tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag, khawb, chips.
• Mloog yuav ua li cas cov hlua suab tsis muaj amplifier ntawm txhua frets. Tsis txhob siv lub twj paj nruag yog tias lub suab nrov heev, rattling yog hnov.
• Xyuas seb lub caj dab yog tiaj, zoo txuas rau lub cev, thiab xis nyob hauv tes.
• Sim ua si los ntawm kev txuas lub twj paj nruag rau lub suab amplifier. Tshawb xyuas lub suab zoo.
• Tshawb xyuas seb txhua qhov kev thauj khoom ua haujlwm li cas. Hloov ntim thiab suab nrov. Lub suab hloov yuav tsum du, tsis muaj suab nrov extraneous.
• Yog tias muaj ib tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag paub, thov kom nws ua suab paj nruag paub. Nws yuav tsum ua kom huv si.

Ib qho hluav taws xob guitar tsis pheej yig, yog li coj koj qhov kev yuav khoom tiag. Ib qho cuab yeej zoo yuav kav ntev, tso cai rau koj txhim kho koj cov txuj ci suab paj nruag yam tsis muaj teeb meem.