Tswb: ntsuas muaj pes tsawg leeg, keeb kwm, siv, ntau yam

Ib tug neeg sawv cev thaum ub ntawm tsev neeg percussion nqa lub ntsiab lus dawb ceev hauv nws lub suab. Hauv txhua lub nroog ntawm Russia, lub tsev teev ntuj tswb tau hnov ​​​​txog qhov pib ntawm kev pabcuam los saum ntuj. Thiab nyob rau hauv kev kawm paub, qhov no yog ib tug orchestral suab paj nruas instrument, keeb kwm ntawm uas rov qab mus rau lub mists ntawm lub sij hawm.

Tswb ntaus ntawv

Nws muaj ib lub dome khoob uas lub suab tsim, thiab tus nplaig nyob rau hauv lub axis. Qhov qis dua yog nthuav, sab sauv yog nqaim, crowned nrog "lub taub hau" thiab "crown". Cov qauv yog cam khwb cia los ntawm cov hlau sib txawv, feem ntau nws yog tswb bronze, tsis tshua muaj cam khwb cia hlau, hlau, txawm iav siv.

Cov cuab yeej raug tshem tawm ntawm kev txhawb nqa lossis kho ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb. Lub suab zoo siab los ntawm viav vias tus nplaig thiab tawm tsam ntawm phab ntsa, lossis los ntawm viav vias lub dome nws tus kheej.

Hauv Tebchaws Europe, tswb nrov uas tsis muaj tus nplaig muaj ntau dua. Yuav kom tshem tawm lub suab, lawv yuav tsum tau ntaus nrog ib tug mallet ntawm lub dome. Cov Europeans yog rocking lub cev nws tus kheej, thiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai cov lus yog teem nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab.

Keeb kwm

Feem ntau yuav yog thawj lub tswb tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv Suav teb. Cov kev tshawb pom rov qab mus rau xyoo pua BC ua tim khawv rau qhov no. Thawj lub suab paj nruag ntawm ntau lub kaum ob luam kuj tau tsim los ntawm Suav. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, cov qauv zoo li no tau tshwm sim ob xyoo tom qab.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, keeb kwm ntawm lub tswb pib nrog lub advent ntawm Christianity. Txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, tib neeg ntseeg hais tias ringing, suab nrov, rattling tshem tawm cov dab phem, tswb tau ua ib tug cwj pwm ntawm shamans rau ntau centuries.

Txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMXth, lub tswb nrov tau tshwm sim hauv Novgorod, Vladimir, Rostov, Moscow, thiab Tver. Lawv raug imported. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub npe yog ntaus nqi los ntawm lub qub Lavxias teb sab lo lus "kol", uas txhais tau tias "lub voj voog" los yog "log".

Thiab nyob rau hauv 1579 ib tug foundry tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Novgorod, qhov twg tswb tau cam khwb cia. Cov masters muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov qauv zoo tagnrho rau cov hlau, nws yuav tsum yog 80 feem pua ​​​​tooj liab thiab 20 feem pua ​​​​tin.

Nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, cov cuab yeej no muaj qhov sib txawv qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntev. Qhov ntev ntawm qee qhov tau zoo heev uas lawv tau muab lub npe ntaus ntawv. Xws li lub npe hu ua "Tsar Tswb", "Annunciation", "Godunovsky" yog paub.

Muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv nthuav dav txog tswb:

• Thaum kaj ntug ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv, lawv raug suav hais tias yog cov cwj pwm pagan.
• Nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, cov cuab yeej siv tau lub hom phiaj nyob deb ntawm txoj kev ntseeg Orthodox: nyob rau hauv ltalis nws hu ua thaum nws yog lub sij hawm los muab lub khob noom cookie rau lub khob cij, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees lub suab yuav txhais tau tias thaum pib ntawm kev ntxuav ntawm txoj kev, thiab nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland nws qhia rau cov pej xeem. uas cov tuam txhab npias tau qhib.
• Thaum hloov tus thawj coj ntawm Chaw Nres Tsheb Thoob Ntiaj Teb, lub tswb nrov ib txwm nrov.

Kev siv cov twj paj nruag tsis tu ncua nrog lub zog ntawm Bolsheviks. Hauv xyoo 1917, cov tsev teev ntuj raug puas tsuaj, lub tswb raug xa mus rau cov hlau tsis muaj hlau rau remelting. Mus rau cov tsev qiv ntawv. Lenin nyob rau hauv Moscow, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov siab siab nrog cov duab ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws sau ntawv. Txhawm rau tsim lawv, cov cuab yeej coj los ntawm belfries ntawm yim lub tsev teev ntuj hauv nroog tau yaj.

Kev siv tswb

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag, kev siv lub classical tswb yog nyob ntawm ntau yam duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Qhov loj dua qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, nws lub suab qis dua. Cov twj paj nruag yog monophonic, uas yog, nws muaj peev xwm tsim ib lub suab nkaus xwb. Qhov nruab nrab yog kaw nyob rau hauv cov qhab nia nyob rau hauv lub bass clef ib octave qis dua lub suab, ib tug me - nyob rau hauv lub violin clef. Ntau dhau qhov hnyav ntawm lub tswb nrog lub suab qis qis ua rau nws siv hauv suab paj nruag vim qhov tsis tuaj yeem tso nws rau ntawm theem.

Cov kws sau nkauj tau siv ntau yam ntawm cov tswb los qhia txog cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam nrog cov phiaj xwm. Classical designs tau siv hauv kev ua yeeb yam txij li thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Lawv tau hloov los ntawm orchestral sawv daws yuav, uas pib saib txawv - qhov no yog ib txheej ntawm cov hlab mounted rau ib tug ncej.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag, qhov no percussion ntsuas tau siv nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm los ntawm Glinka, Mussorgsky, Rachmaninoff, Rimsky-Korsakov. Kev lig kev cai tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm cov kws sau nkauj nto moo ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX: Shchedrin, Petrov, Sviridov.

Hom tswb

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub suab thiab cov qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab faib ua ob peb hom:

• ringing - tuaj yeem muaj ntau tus lej ntawm lawv, tus nplaig txuas nrog rau ib leeg nrog txoj hlua txuas rau ntawm kab ringing;
• percussion - tuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm interconnected 2,3 4 daim ntawv;
• nruab nrab - hom tswb uas ua hauj lwm rau decorate lub ntsiab ringing;
• Cov tub txib yog ib qho cuab yeej taw qhia uas ua haujlwm rau cov neeg tuaj koom rau ntau yam kev pabcuam (hnub so, hnub ua haujlwm, hnub Sunday).

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, lub npe ntawm lub tswb tshwm sim: "Perespor", "Falcon", "George", "Gospodar", "Bear".

Chimes - lwm yam, cais hom siv nyob rau hauv belfries nrog clockwork. Qhov no yog ib txheej ntawm cov tswb ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv nrog cov duab sib txawv, kho raws li chromatic lossis diatonic nplai.