Bass Guitar Keeb Kwm

Nrog lub advent ntawm jazz-pob zeb, jazz musicians pib siv hluav taws xob cov twj paj nruag thiab ntau yam teebmeem, tshawb nrhiav tshiab "suab palettes" tsis yog yam ntxwv ntawm ib txwm jazz. Cov cuab yeej tshiab thiab cov teebmeem kuj ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov tswv yim ua si tshiab. Txij li cov kws ua yeeb yam jazz yeej ib txwm muaj npe nrov rau lawv lub suab thiab tus cwj pwm, cov txheej txheem no yog qhov zoo rau lawv. Ib tug kws tshawb fawb txog jazz tau sau tias: “Ib tug kws ntaus nkauj jazz muaj nws lub suab. Cov txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas nws lub suab yeej ib txwm ua raws li tsis yog ntau ntawm cov tswv yim ib txwm hais txog lub suab ntawm ib qho cuab yeej, tab sis ntawm nws [suab] kev xav. Thiab, ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej uas qhia nws tus kheej hauv jazz thiab jazz-pob zeb bands ntawm 70-80s yog ntses bass thaj tsam ,  lub keeb kwm ntawm uas koj yuav kawm hauv kab lus no.

Players xws li Stanley Clarke: XNUMX Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! thiab Jaco Pastorius  tau coj bass guitar ua si mus rau theem tshiab tag nrho hauv keeb kwm luv luv ntawm qhov ntsuas, teeb tsa tus qauv rau tiam neeg ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, thawj zaug raug tsis lees paub los ntawm "ib txwm" jazz bands (nrog ob lub suab bass thaj tsam), cov ntses bass thaj tsam tau coj nws qhov chaw muaj cai hauv jazz vim nws yooj yim ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab teeb liab amplification.

YUAV TSUM TAU TXAIS KEV TSO CAI TSHIAB

Lub suab nrov ntawm qhov ntsuas yog qhov teeb meem nyob mus ib txhis rau ob tus bassists. Yog tsis muaj amplification, nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev rau kev sib tw nyob rau hauv volume nrog ib tug ntaus nruas, piano, guitar thiab tooj dag band. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus bassist feem ntau tsis hnov ​​​​nws tus kheej vim tias txhua tus neeg ua si nrov heev. Nws yog lub siab xav los daws qhov teeb meem ob lub suab bass thaj tsam uas txhawb nqa Leo Fender thiab lwm tus neeg tsim guitar ua ntej nws los tsim ib qho cuab yeej uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm jazz bassist. Leo lub tswv yim yog los tsim ib qho hluav taws xob version ntawm ob lub ntses bass thaj tsam lossis ib qho ntses bass thaj tsam ntawm hluav taws xob guitar.

Qhov ntsuas tau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj ua si hauv cov seev cev me me hauv Asmeskas. Rau lawv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev thauj cov cuab yeej thaum piv nrog ob lub bass thaj tsam, ntau dua intonational raug [yuav ua li cas daim ntawv tsim], nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav qhov tsim nyog tshuav ntawm ntim nrog cov hluav taws xob guitar tau txais koob meej.

Ib qho yuav xav tias bass guitar yog nrov ntawm cov suab paj nruag nrov, tab sis qhov tseeb, nws yog feem ntau ntawm cov jazz bands ntawm 50s. Kuj tseem muaj lus dab neeg hais tias Leo Fender invented lub bass guitar. Qhov tseeb, nws tsim cov qauv tsim uas tau dhau los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab muag tau, piv rau cov neeg sib tw.

LUB SIJ HAWM NTAWM GUITAR MANUFACTURERS

Ntev ua ntej Leo Fender, txij li thaum xyoo pua 15th, tau sim ua kom muaj lub suab bass thaj tsam sau npe uas yuav tsim kom muaj qhov huv, tsim nyog nrov qis kawg. Cov kev sim no tsis yog tsuas yog nrhiav qhov loj thiab cov duab zoo xwb, tab sis kuj mus kom deb li deb ntawm kev sib txuas horns, xws li ntawm cov gramophones qub, hauv thaj chaw choj kom nthuav dav lub suab thiab taw qhia nws.

Ib qho kev sim los tsim cov cuab yeej zoo li no yog Regal bass guitar (Regal Bassoguitar) , nthuav tawm thaum ntxov 30s. Nws cov qauv yog ib qho acoustic guitar, tab sis nws tau ua vertically. Qhov loj ntawm lub cuab yeej mus txog 1.5 m nyob rau hauv ntev, tsis suav nrog ib lub quarter-meter spire. Lub fretboard yog tiaj tus zoo li ntawm lub guitar, thiab qhov ntsuas yog 42 "zoo li ntawm ob lub bass. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej no, ib qho kev sim los daws cov teeb meem intonation ntawm ob lub bass thaj tsam - muaj frets ntawm tus ntiv tes, tab sis lawv raug txiav flush nrog lub caj dab. Yog li, nws yog thawj tus qauv ntawm lub fretless bass guitar nrog fretboard markings (Ex.1).

Tom qab ntawd thaum xyoo 1930s, Gibson qhia lawv Fais Bass Guitar , ib tug loj loj semi-acoustic guitar nrog ib tug ntsug nqa thiab ib tug electromagnetic pickup. Hmoov tsis zoo, tsuas yog amplifiers thaum lub sij hawm tau tsim rau lub guitar, thiab cov cuab yeej tshiab lub teeb liab tau distorted vim lub amplifier tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau tsawg zaus. Gibson tsuas yog tsim cov cuab yeej no rau ob xyoos txij xyoo 1938 txog 1940 (Ex. 2).

Ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob ob lub basses tau tshwm sim hauv 30s, thiab ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg no yog tus Rickenbacker Electro Bass-Viol tsim los ntawm George Beauchamp (George Beauchamp) . Nws tau nruab nrog ib tug hlau pas nrig uas daig rau hauv lub amp npog, ib tug nees-zoo li tus tuaj tos, thiab cov hlua tau qhwv nyob rau hauv ntawv ci nyob rau hauv qhov chaw cia li saum toj no lub pickup. Qhov hluav taws xob ob lub ntses bass thaj tsam no tsis yog lub hom phiaj los kov yeej kev lag luam thiab ua nrov heev. Txawm li cas los xij, Electro Bass-Viol yog suav tias yog thawj qhov hluav taws xob ntses bass thaj tsam sau rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Nws tau siv thaum sau cov Mark Allen & Nws Orchestra nyob rau hauv lub 30s.

Feem ntau, yog tias tsis yog tag nrho, ntawm cov bass guitar designs ntawm xyoo 1930s tau ua raws li cov qauv siv acoustic guitar lossis ob lub suab bass thaj tsam tsim, thiab yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv txoj haujlwm ncaj. Qhov teeb meem ntawm lub teeb liab amplification tsis yog mob heev vim yog siv cov pickups, thiab intonation teeb meem tau daws nrog kev pab los ntawm frets los yog tsawg kawg yog cov cim ntawm lub fingerboard. Tab sis cov teeb meem ntawm qhov loj thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov cuab yeej no tseem tsis tau daws.

LUB NTUJ BASS GUITAR AUDIOVOX MODEL 736

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo 1930, Paul H. Tutmarc tau nthuav tawm cov kev tsim kho tshiab tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim bass guitar qee qhov 15 xyoo ua ntej ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Xyoo 1936 Tutmark's Audiovox Manufacturing tuam txhab tso tawm lub ntiaj teb thawj bass guitar raws li peb paub tam sim no, lub Audiovox Model 736 . Lub guitar yog tsim los ntawm ib daim ntoo, muaj 4 txoj hlua, lub caj dab nrog frets thiab ib qho khoom sib nqus. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txog 100 ntawm cov guitars tau tsim, thiab hnub no tsuas yog peb tus neeg muaj sia nyob tau paub, tus nqi uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua $ 20,000. Xyoo 1947, Paulus tus tub Bud Tutmark sim tsim nws txiv lub tswv yim nrog rau Serenader Electric hlua Bass , tab sis ua tsis tiav.

Txij li thaum tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm Tutmark thiab Fender bass guitars, nws yog qhov xav paub yog tias Leo Fender pom Tutmark tsev neeg guitars hauv xov xwm tshaj tawm, piv txwv li? Leo Fender txoj hauj lwm thiab lub neej kws tshawb fawb Richard R. Smith, tus sau ntawm Fender: Lub Suab Hnov 'puag ncig lub ntiaj teb, ntseeg tias Fender tsis tau luam tawm Tutmark lub tswv yim. Cov duab ntawm Leo's bass tau theej los ntawm Telecaster thiab muaj qhov loj dua li Tutmark's bass.

LUB SIJ HAWM NTAWM FENDER BASS EXPANSION

Nyob rau hauv 1951, Leo Fender patented ib tug tshiab bass guitar tsim uas cim ib tug tig taw tes nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm bass guitar thiab suab paj nruag feem ntau. Kev tsim khoom loj ntawm Leo Fender basses daws txhua yam teeb meem uas bassists ntawm lub sijhawm yuav tsum tau ntsib: tso cai rau lawv kom nrov dua, txo tus nqi thauj khoom, thiab tso cai rau lawv ua si nrog cov suab nrov dua. Kuj ceeb tias, Fender ntses bass thaj tsam guitars pib muaj koob meej nyob rau hauv jazz, txawm hais tias thaum xub thawj muaj ntau tus ntses bass thaj tsam tsis kam lees nws, txawm tias tag nrho nws qhov zoo.

Kev npaj txhij txog rau peb tus kheej, peb pom tias muaj ib yam dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm ntawm pab pawg. Nws tsis muaj bassist, tab sis peb tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​cov ntses bass thaj tsam kom meej. Ib thib ob tom qab, peb pom ib qho txawv txawv: muaj ob tus guitarists, txawm hais tias peb tsuas yog hnov ​​ib qho guitar. Ib me ntsis tom qab, txhua yam tau pom meej. Zaum ntawm tus guitarist yog ib tug kws ntaus suab paj nruag uas ua si zoo li lub guitar hluav taws xob, tab sis ntawm kev soj ntsuam ze dua, lub caj dab ntawm nws lub guitar ntev dua, muaj frets, thiab lub cev zoo li lub cev tsis zoo nrog cov pob qhov rooj thiab cov hlua uas khiav mus rau. cov amp.

DOWNBEAT MAGAZINE Lub Xya Hli 1952

Leo Fender xa ob peb ntawm nws cov basses tshiab rau cov thawj coj ntawm cov suab paj nruag nrov thaum lub sijhawm. Ib tug ntawm lawv mus rau lub lionel hampton Orchestra xyoo 1952. Hampton nyiam cov cuab yeej tshiab no heev uas nws hais tias tus ntaus ntses bassist. Monk Montgomery , tij laug guitarist Peb Montgomery , ua si. Bassist Steve Swallow , hais txog Montgomery ua ib tus neeg tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam: "Tau ntau xyoo nws tsuas yog tus uas tau qhib lub cuab yeej muaj peev xwm hauv pob zeb thiab yob thiab blues." Lwm tus bassist uas pib ntaus ntses bass thaj tsam yog Hloov Henry los ntawm New York, uas ua si hauv jazz thiab dhia bands (dhia kev nyuaj siab).

Thaum cov kws ntaus nkauj jazz tau ceev faj txog qhov kev tsim kho tshiab, Precision Bass tau nyob ze rau lub suab paj nruag tshiab - pob zeb thiab yob. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov style no uas cov ntses bass thaj tsam pib siv mercilessly vim nws dynamic muaj peev xwm - nrog rau txoj cai amplification, nws tsis yooj yim mus cuag lub ntim ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob guitar. Cov ntses bass thaj tsam ib txwm hloov pauv qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog hauv pawg: hauv ntu ntu ntu, nruab nrab ntawm tooj dag band thiab lwm yam twj paj nruag.

Chicago bluesman Dave Myers, tom qab siv lub bass guitar hauv nws pawg, teeb tsa tus qauv de facto rau bass guitar siv hauv lwm pab pawg. Cov qauv no tau coj cov kab me me tshiab rau qhov kev nyuaj siab thiab kev tawm mus ntawm cov pab pawg loj, vim qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm cov tswv club los them cov kab loj loj thaum cov kab me me tuaj yeem ua tib yam rau cov nyiaj tsawg.

Tom qab qhov kev taw qhia sai sai ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam rau hauv suab paj nruag, nws tseem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm qee tus bassists. Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej tshiab, cov ntses bass thaj tsam tsis muaj cov lus qhia uas muaj nyob hauv ob lub bass. Txawm hais tias "teeb ​​meem" ntawm lub suab ntawm cov cuab yeej hauv cov tsoos jazz, piv txwv li Tsuas yog cov twj paj nruag acoustic, ntau ob tus ntses bass thaj tsam xws li Ron Carter, piv txwv li, siv lub bass guitar thaum xav tau. Qhov tseeb, ntau "cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag jazz" xws li Stan Getz, Dizzy Gillespie, Jack DeJohnette tsis tawm tsam nws siv. Maj mam, cov ntses bass thaj tsam pib txav mus rau hauv nws tus kheej kev taw qhia nrog cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag maj mam nthuav tawm nws thiab coj mus rau qib tshiab.

Los ntawm qhov pib…

Thawj lub npe hu ua hluav taws xob bass guitar tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1930 los ntawm Seattle inventor thiab tshuab raj Paul Tutmark, tab sis nws tsis tau zoo heev thiab qhov invention tsis nco qab lawm. Leo Fender tsim lub Precision Bass, uas tau nthuav tawm hauv xyoo 1951. Kev hloov kho me me tau ua nyob rau nruab nrab-50s. Txij thaum ntawd los, kev hloov pauv tsawg heev tau ua rau qhov sai sai dhau los ua tus qauv kev lag luam. Lub Precision Bass tseem yog qhov siv ntau tshaj plaws bass guitar thiab ntau cov ntawv luam ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo no tau tsim los ntawm lwm cov tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb.

Ob peb xyoos tom qab tsim thawj bass guitar, nws tau nthuav tawm nws qhov kev xav thib ob rau lub ntiaj teb - Jazz Bass. Nws muaj ib tug slimmer, ntau playable caj dab thiab ob tug pickups, ib tug pickup ntawm lub tailpiece thiab lwm yam ntawm lub caj dab. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nthuav cov tonal ntau. Txawm hais tias lub npe, Jazz ntses bass thaj tsam tau siv dav hauv txhua hom suab paj nruag niaj hnub. Zoo li qhov Precision, cov duab thiab tsim ntawm Jazz Bass tau rov ua dua los ntawm ntau tus neeg tsim guitar.

Kaj ntug ntawm kev lag luam

Tsis yog yuav tsum tau ua dhau los, Gibson tau qhia thawj lub suab nkauj zoo li tus ntses bass thaj tsam uas tuaj yeem ua si ntsug lossis kab rov tav. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau tsim EB series ntawm basses, nrog rau EB-3 ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Tom qab ntawd tuaj qhov sib npaug nto moo Thunderbird bass, uas yog lawv thawj ntses bass thaj tsam nrog 34 " nplai.

Lwm qhov nrov ntses bass thaj tsam yog lub tuam txhab Music Man, tsim los ntawm Leo Fender tom qab tawm hauv lub tuam txhab uas dais nws lub npe. Tus txiv neej Music Stingray paub txog nws qhov sib sib zog nqus, punchy suab thiab classic tsim.

Muaj ib lub suab bass thaj tsam nrog ib tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag - Hofner Violin Bass, tam sim no feem ntau hu ua Beatle Bass. vim nws koom nrog Paul McCartney. Tus legendary singer-songwriter qhuas no bass rau nws lub teeb yuag thiab muaj peev xwm hloov tau yooj yim rau sab laug-handers. Yog vim li cas nws thiaj siv Hofner bass txawm tias 50 xyoo tom qab. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau ntau lwm yam bass guitar variations muaj, feem coob yog cov qauv piav nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no thiab lawv replicas.

Los ntawm jazz era mus rau thaum ntxov ntawm pob zeb thiab yob, ob lub bass thiab nws cov kwv tij tau siv. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm ob qho tib si jazz thiab pob zeb, thiab lub siab xav kom muaj kev txav mus los ntau dua, kev txav tau yooj yim, yooj yim ntawm kev ua si, thiab ntau yam hauv cov suab nrov hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob basses tau nce mus rau qhov tseem ceeb. Txij li thaum xyoo 1957, thaum Elvis Presley bassist Bill Black "mus hluav taws xob" nrog cov kab bass zoo nkauj ntawm Paul McCartney, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam ntawm Jack Bruce, lub puab tsaig-tso jazz kab ntawm Jaco Pastorius, txoj kev vam meej ntawm Tony Levine thiab Chris Squire. yog kis tau, tus ntses bass thaj tsam guitar tau ib tug unstoppable quab yuam. hauv suab paj nruag.

BASS GUITAR NTAWM STUDIO RECORDINGS

Nyob rau xyoo 1960, cov neeg ntaus ntses bass thaj tsam tseem nyob hauv cov studios. Thaum xub thawj, ob lub ntses bass thaj tsam tau dubbed nyob rau hauv cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv nrog ib tug bass guitar, uas tsim lub zuam-tock nyhuv uas cov producers xav tau. Qee lub sij hawm, peb lub basses tau koom nrog hauv kev kaw: ob lub bass, Fender Precision thiab 6-txoj hlua Danelectro. Realizing lub koob meej ntawm lub Dano ntses bass thaj tsam , Leo Fender tso nws tus kheej Fender Bass VI nyob rau hauv 1961.

Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo 60s, lub bass thaj tsam guitar tau ntaus nrog ntiv tes lossis xaiv. Txog thaum Larry Graham pib ntaus cov hlua nrog nws tus ntiv tes xoo thiab khi nrog nws tus ntiv tes xoo. Qhov tshiab "thumping thiab plucking" Cov txheej txheem percussion tsuas yog ib txoj hauv kev los ua kom tsis muaj tus ntaus nruas hauv pawg. Striking txoj hlua nrog nws tus ntiv tes xoo, nws xyaum ib lub nruas bass thaj tsam, thiab ua ib tug nuv nrog nws tus ntiv tes xoo, ib lub nruas nruas.

Tom qab me ntsis, Stanley Clarke: XNUMX Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! ua ke cov qauv ntawm Larry Graham thiab cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm ob tus bassist Scott LaFaro hauv nws qhov kev ua si, kab thawj tus zoo bass player hauv keeb kwm nrog Rov qab mus ib txhis nyob rau hauv 1971.

BASS GUITARS Los Ntawm Lwm Hom

Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb tau saib keeb kwm ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam ntawm nws qhov pib, kev sim ua qauv uas tau sim ua kom nrov dua, sib dua, thiab tonally ntau qhov tseeb dua li ob lub ntses bass thaj tsam ua ntej nthuav dav ntawm Fender basses. Ntawm chav kawm, Fender tsis yog tib lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm bass guitars. Thaum lub cuab yeej tshiab pib muaj koob meej, cov tuam txhab ua suab paj nruag tau ntes nthwv dej thiab pib muab lawv cov kev tsim kho rau cov neeg siv khoom.

Höfner tau tso tawm lawv cov violin-zoo li luv-scale bass guitar nyob rau hauv 1955, tsuas yog hu nws lub  Höfner 500/1 . Tom qab ntawd, tus qauv no tau paub dav vim qhov tseeb tias nws tau raug xaiv los ua cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb los ntawm Paul McCartney, tus ntaus ntses bass thaj tsam ntawm Beatles. Gibson tsis poob qab cov neeg sib tw. Tab sis, tag nrho cov cuab yeej no, zoo li Fender Precision Bass, tsim nyog ib tsab xov xwm cais hauv qhov blog no. Thiab muaj ib hnub koj yuav twv yuav raug nyeem txog lawv ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm lub xaib!