Pablo de Sarasate |

Paul ntawm Sarasate

Sarasate. Andalusian Romance →

Sarasate yog phenomenal. Txoj kev nws lub suab violin yog txoj kev uas nws yeej tsis tau hnov ​​los ntawm leej twg. L. Auer

Tus kws ntaus nkauj Spanish thiab tus kws sau nkauj P. Sarasate yog tus sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua neej nyob, virtuoso art. "Paganini ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua, tus huab tais ntawm kev kos duab ntawm cadence, ib tug tshav ntuj ci artist," yog dab tsi Sarasate hu ua los ntawm nws contemporaries. Txawm tias tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm kev tsim txiaj hauv kev kos duab, I. Joachim thiab L. Auer, tau nyo hau ua ntej nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo kawg nkaus. Sarasate yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug tub rog bandmaster. Glory nrog nws tiag tiag los ntawm thawj cov kauj ruam ntawm nws cov hauj lwm artistic. Twb yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoo nws tau muab nws thawj concerts hauv La Coruña thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Madrid. Tus poj huab tais Spanish Isabella, qhuas txog cov txuj ci ntawm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag me me, tau txais Sarasate nrog A. Stradivari violin thiab muab nws cov nyiaj pabcuam rau kev kawm ntawm Paris Conservatory.

Tsuas yog ib xyoos ntawm kev kawm nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm D. Alar yog txaus rau lub kaum peb-xyoo-laus violinist kawm tiav los ntawm ib tug zoo tshaj plaws conservatories nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nrog ib tug kub puav pheej. Txawm li cas los xij, xav tias yuav tsum ua kom tob rau nws cov suab paj nruag thiab theoretical kev paub, nws tau kawm txog kev sau ntawv rau lwm 2 xyoo. Tom qab ua tiav nws txoj kev kawm, Sarasate ua ntau qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj mus rau Tebchaws Europe thiab Asia. Ob zaug (1867-70, 1889-90) nws tau ua qhov kev ua yeeb yam loj ntawm cov teb chaws ntawm North thiab South America. Sarasate tau rov mus xyuas Russia. Kaw muaj tswv yim thiab phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo txuas nrog nws nrog Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag: P. Tchaikovsky, L. Auer, K. Davydov, A. Verzhbilovich, A. Rubinshtein. Hais txog kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov tom kawg hauv xyoo 1881, Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag xovxwm tau sau tias: "Sarasate yog qhov sib piv tsis tau ntawm kev ua si nkauj laus ncas li Rubinstein tsis muaj kev sib tw hauv kev ua si piano ..."

Contemporaries pom qhov zais cia ntawm Sarasate txoj kev muaj tswv yim thiab kev ntxim nyiam ntawm tus kheej hauv qhov yuav luag me ntsis ntawm nws lub ntiaj teb saib. Raws li kev nco qab ntawm cov phooj ywg, Sarasate yog ib tug txiv neej yooj yim-hearted, passionately nyiam sau canes, snuff thawv, thiab lwm yam antique gizmos. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag hloov tag nrho cov khoom uas nws tau sau rau hauv nws lub nroog Pamplrne. Qhov tseeb, zoo siab kos duab ntawm Spanish virtuoso tau ntxim nyiam mloog rau yuav luag ib nrab xyoo pua. Nws kev ua si nyiam nrog lub suab nrov tshwj xeeb-nyiaj ntawm lub violin, tshwj xeeb virtuoso perfection, enchanting lightness thiab, ntxiv rau, romantic elation, paj huam, nobility ntawm phrasing. Lub violinist lub repertoire yog heev uas nws kim heev. Tab sis nrog kev vam meej tshaj plaws, nws tau ua nws tus kheej sau: "Spanish Dances", "Basque Capriccio", "Aragonese Hunt", "Andalusian Serenade", "Navarra", "Habanera", "Zapateado", "Malagueña", lub npe nrov. "Gypsy Melodies". Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub teb chaws cov yam ntxwv ntawm Sarasate lub composing thiab ua yeeb yam style tau tshwj xeeb yog vividly manifested: rhythmic originality, coloristic suab ntau lawm, hloov maj mam ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm pej xeem kos duab. Tag nrho cov haujlwm no, nrog rau ob qho kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj Faust thiab Carmen (ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm Ch. Gounod thiab G. Bizet), tseem nyob twj ywm hauv violinists 'repertoire. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Sarasate tshuav ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Spanish instrumental music, muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm I. Albeniz, M. de Falla, E. Granados.

Ntau tus kws sau ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau mob siab rau lawv cov haujlwm rau Sarasata. Nws yog nrog nws qhov kev ua tau zoo hauv siab tias cov suab paj nruag zoo li no tau tsim los ua Kev Taw Qhia thiab Rondo-Capriccioso, "Havanese" thiab Thib Peb Violin Concerto los ntawm C. Saint-Saens, "Spanish Symphony" los ntawm E. Lalo, Tus Violin Thib Ob Concerto thiab "Scottish Fantasy" M Bruch, concert suite los ntawm I. Raff. G. Wieniawski (Second Violin Concerto), A. Dvorak (Mazurek), K. Goldmark thiab A. Mackenzie mob siab rau lawv tej hauj lwm rau tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag Spanish. "Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Sarasate," Auer tau sau tseg hauv qhov kev sib txuas no, "raws li kev lees paub dav uas nws yeej nrog nws qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm." Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Sarasate, ib qho ntawm cov kev vam meej tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm Spanish virtuoso.

I. Vetlitsyna

Virtuoso art yeej tsis tuag. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws yeej ntawm artistic tiam sis, muaj ib txwm musicians uas captivate nrog "ntshiab" virtuosity. Sarasate yog ib tug ntawm lawv. "Paganini ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua", "tus huab tais ntawm kev kos duab ntawm cadence", "sunny-ci artist" - qhov no yog li cas contemporaries hu ua Sarasate. Ua ntej nws virtuosity, zoo kawg li instrumentalism bowed txawm cov neeg uas fundamentally rejected virtuosity nyob rau hauv kos duab - Joachim, Auer.

Sarasate kov yeej txhua tus. Lub secrets ntawm nws ntxim nyiam nyob rau hauv yuav luag childish immediacy ntawm nws kos duab. Lawv "tsis txhob npau taws" nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam, lawv cov suab paj nruag raug lees txais raws li kev hu nkauj ntawm cov noog, zoo li lub suab ntawm xwm - lub suab ntawm hav zoov, suab nrov ntawm cov kwj deg. Tshwj tsis yog muaj peev xwm thov rau ib tug nightingale? Nws hu nkauj! Zoo li Sarasate. Nws hu nkauj ntawm lub violin - thiab cov neeg tuaj saib khov nrog kev zoo siab; nws "painted" cov yeeb yuj duab ntawm Spanish pej xeem seev cev - thiab lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg mloog thaum muaj sia nyob.

Auer ranked Sarasate (tom qab Viettan thiab Joachim) saum toj no tag nrho cov violinists ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Nyob rau hauv Sarasate qhov kev ua si, nws xav tsis thoob los ntawm qhov txawv tshaj plaw, naturalness, yooj yim ntawm nws cov cuab yeej siv. “Ib hmo ntuj,” I. Nalbandian sau rau hauv nws cov memoirs, “Kuv thov Auer qhia kuv txog Sarasat. Leopold Semyonovich tau sawv ntawm lub rooj zaum, ntsia kuv lub sijhawm ntev thiab hais tias: Sarasate yog qhov tshwm sim zoo heev. Txoj kev nws lub suab violin yog txoj kev uas nws yeej tsis tau hnov ​​los ntawm leej twg. Hauv Sarasate qhov kev ua si, koj tsis tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​"chav ua noj" tag nrho, tsis muaj plaub hau, tsis muaj rosin, tsis muaj hneev hloov thiab tsis ua haujlwm, nruj - nws ua txhua yam jokingly, thiab txhua yam suab zoo nrog nws ... "Xa Nalbandian mus rau Berlin, Auer qhia nws kom coj kom zoo dua ntawm txhua lub sijhawm, mloog Sarasate, thiab yog tias lub sijhawm nthuav tawm nws tus kheej, ua si nkauj laus ncas rau nws. Nalbandian ntxiv tias tib lub sijhawm, Auer muab nws tsab ntawv pom zoo, nrog qhov chaw nyob laconic heev ntawm lub hnab ntawv: "Tebchaws Europe - Sarasate." Thiab qhov ntawd txaus.

"Thaum kuv rov qab mus rau Russia," Nalbandian hais ntxiv, "Kuv tau tshaj tawm cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws rau Auer, uas nws tau hais tias: "Koj pom qhov txiaj ntsig zoo li cas koj qhov kev mus txawv tebchaws tau coj koj mus. Koj tau hnov ​​​​cov piv txwv siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm classical tej hauj lwm los ntawm cov suab paj nruag zoo-artists Joachim thiab Sarasate - lub siab tshaj plaws virtuoso perfection, phenomenon phenomenon ntawm violin ua si. Tus txiv neej muaj hmoo npaum li cas Sarasate, tsis zoo li peb yog cov qhev violin uas yuav tsum ua haujlwm txhua hnub, thiab nws nyob rau nws txoj kev txaus siab. Thiab nws hais ntxiv: "Vim li cas nws yuav tsum ua si thaum txhua yam twb ua tiav rau nws?" Thaum hais li no, Auer ntsia tu siab ntawm nws txhais tes thiab sighed. Auer muaj txhais tes "tsis muaj kev ris txiaj" thiab yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm hnyav txhua hnub kom khaws cov txheej txheem."

K. Flesh sau hais tias, "Lub npe Sarasate yog tej yam yees siv rau violinists. - Nrog kev hwm, zoo li nws yog qee qhov tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho kev xav tsis thoob, peb cov tub (qhov no yog xyoo 1886) tau saib tus me me dub-eyed Spanish - nrog ua tib zoo txiav jet-dub mustaches thiab tib lub curly, curly, ua tib zoo combed plaub hau. Tus txiv neej me me no tau nce mus rau theem nrog kev sib tw ntev, nrog qhov tseeb Spanish grandeur, sab nraud nyob ntsiag to, txawm phlegmatic. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws pib ua si nrog qhov tsis hnov ​​​​tsw ntawm kev ywj pheej, nrog kev ceev coj mus rau qhov txwv, coj cov neeg tuaj saib mus rau qhov zoo siab tshaj plaws.

Sarasate lub neej tau zoo siab heev. Nws yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev nkag siab ntawm lo lus ib tug nyiam thiab minion ntawm txoj hmoo.

Nws sau hais tias, “Kuv yug los rau lub Peb Hlis 14, 1844, hauv Pamplona, ​​lub nroog loj ntawm lub xeev Navarre. Kuv txiv yog ib tug thawj coj tub rog. Kuv kawm ua si violin txij thaum yau. Thaum kuv muaj 5 xyoos xwb, kuv twb ua si nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm poj huab tais Isabella. Vajntxwv nyiam kuv qhov kev ua yeeb yam thiab nws muab nyiaj laus rau kuv, uas tso cai rau kuv mus kawm Paris.

Kev txiav txim los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Sarasate, cov ntaub ntawv no tsis raug. Nws yug los tsis yog rau lub Peb Hlis 14, tab sis lub Peb Hlis 10, 1844. Thaum yug los, nws tau hu ua Martin Meliton, tab sis nws tau muab lub npe Pablo nws tus kheej tom qab, thaum nyob hauv Paris.

Nws txiv, ib tug Basque los ntawm haiv neeg, yog ib tug zoo suab paj nruag. Thaum pib, nws tus kheej qhia nws tus tub lub violin. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoo, tus me nyuam prodigy muab kev hais kwv txhiaj hauv La Coruna thiab nws lub peev xwm tau pom tseeb tias nws txiv txiav txim siab coj nws mus rau Madrid. Ntawm no nws muab tus tub mus kawm Rodriguez Saez.

Thaum tus kws ntaus nkauj ua yeeb yam muaj 10 xyoo, nws tau tshwm sim hauv tsev hais plaub. Qhov kev ua si ntawm me me Sarasate ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob. Nws tau txais ib lub violin zoo nkauj Stradivarius los ntawm poj huab tais Isabella ua khoom plig, thiab lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Madrid tau txais cov nqi ntawm nws txoj kev kawm ntxiv.

Xyoo 1856, Sarasate raug xa mus rau Paris, qhov chaw nws raug lees txais rau hauv nws chav kawm los ntawm ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Fabkis txoj violin, Delphine Alar. Cuaj hlis tom qab (yuav luag unbelievably!) nws ua tiav tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawm lub conservatory thiab yeej thawj nqi zog.

Obviously, tus hluas nkauj violinist tuaj rau Alar twb nrog ib tug txaus tsim cov txheej txheem, txwv tsis pub nws xob-ceev kawm tiav los ntawm lub conservatory tsis tau piav qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kawm tiav hauv chav violin, nws tau nyob hauv Paris rau 6 xyoo los kawm txog suab paj nruag, kev sib haum xeeb thiab lwm yam kev kos duab. Tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo kaum xya ntawm nws lub neej Sarasate tawm hauv Paris Conservatory. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no pib nws lub neej raws li ib tug itinerant concert performer.

Thaum pib, nws tau mus ncig ua si txuas ntxiv ntawm Asmeskas. Nws tau tsim los ntawm cov tub lag luam nplua nuj Otto Goldschmidt, uas nyob hauv Mexico. Ib tug kws pianist zoo, ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm impresario, nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg koom nrog. Qhov kev mus ncig tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab Goldschmidt tau los ua Sarasate qhov kev xav rau lub neej.

Tom qab Amelikas, Sarasate rov qab mus rau Tebchaws Europe thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev ntawm no. Nws concerts nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub yeej, thiab nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws nws yog ib lub teb chaws hero. Nyob rau hauv 1880, nyob rau hauv Barcelona, ​​​​Sarasate cov neeg txaus siab qhuas tau ua ib qho kev ua yeeb yam nrog 2000 tus neeg. Railways hauv Spain muab tag nrho cov tsheb ciav hlau rau nws siv. Nws tuaj rau Pamplona yuav luag txhua xyoo, cov neeg hauv nroog tau npaj rau nws cov rooj sib tham pom zoo, coj los ntawm lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm nws, bullfights yeej ib txwm muab, Sarasate teb rau tag nrho cov honors nrog concerts nyob rau hauv lub siab nyiam ntawm cov neeg pluag. Muaj tseeb, ib zaug (hauv 1900) lub koob tsheej ntawm lub sijhawm tuaj txog ntawm Sarasate hauv Pamplona yuav luag ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam. Tus thawj tswj hwm tshiab uas raug xaiv los ntawm lub nroog tau sim tshem lawv vim kev nom kev tswv. Nws yog ib tug monarchist, thiab Sarasate tau lub npe hu ua ib tug democrat. Tus kav nroog lub hom phiaj ua rau muaj kev npau taws. “Cov ntawv xov xwm cuam tshuam. Thiab lub nroog swb, ua ke nrog nws lub taub hau, raug yuam kom tawm haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv no tej zaum tsuas yog ib qho ntawm nws hom.

Sarasate tau mus xyuas Russia ntau zaus. Thawj zaug, xyoo 1869, nws tau mus xyuas Odessa nkaus xwb; rau zaum ob - nyob rau hauv 1879 nws ncig teb chaws nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab Moscow.

Nov yog qhov L. Auer tau sau tias: “Ib qho nthuav tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws nto moo uas tau caw los ntawm Lub Koom Haum (lub ntsiab lus ntawm Lavxias Lub Koom Haum Suab paj nruag. – LR) yog Pablo de Sarasate, tom qab ntawd tseem yog ib tug kws ntaus nkauj hluas uas tuaj rau peb tom qab nws ua yeeb yam thaum ntxov. kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Kuv pom thiab hnov ​​nws thawj zaug. Nws yog me me, nyias, tab sis tib lub sijhawm zoo nkauj heev, nrog lub taub hau zoo nkauj, nrog cov plaub hau dub tau muab faib rau hauv nruab nrab, raws li kev zam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Raws li kev sib txawv ntawm txoj cai dav dav, nws hnav ntawm nws lub hauv siab ib daim kab xev loj nrog lub hnub qub ntawm Spanish xaj nws tau txais. Qhov no yog xov xwm rau txhua tus, txij li feem ntau tsuas yog cov tub huabtais ntawm cov ntshav thiab cov thawj coj tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv xws li decorations ntawm official receptions.

Cov ntawv sau thawj zaug nws tau muab rho tawm los ntawm nws Stradivarius - alas, tam sim no hais lus tsis meej thiab mus ib txhis faus rau hauv Madrid Tsev khaws puav pheej! - ua rau muaj kev xav rau kuv nrog kev zoo nkauj thiab crystalline purity ntawm lub suab. Muaj cov txheej txheem zoo kawg li, nws ua si yam tsis muaj qhov nro, zoo li NW nyuam qhuav kov cov hlua nrog nws rab hneev khawv koob. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ntseeg hais tias cov suab zoo no, caressing lub pob ntseg, zoo li lub suab ntawm cov hluas Adeline Patty, tuaj yeem los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo xws li cov plaub hau thiab cov hlua. Cov neeg mloog tau xav tsis thoob thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Sarasate yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.

"Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws St. Petersburg yeej," Auer sau ntxiv, "Pablo de Sarasate tseem yog ib tug phooj ywg zoo, nyiam lub tuam txhab ntawm nws cov phooj ywg suab paj nruag mus ua yeeb yam hauv tsev nplua nuj, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais los ntawm ob mus rau peb txhiab francs ib hmo - tus nqi siab heev rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Hmo ntuj dawb. nws siv Davydov, Leshetsky lossis nrog kuv, ib txwm zoo siab, luag ntxhi thiab zoo siab, zoo siab heev thaum nws tswj kom yeej ob peb rubles ntawm peb ntawm phaib. Nws zoo siab heev nrog cov poj niam thiab ib txwm nqa nrog nws ob peb tus kiv cua Mev me me, uas nws tau siv los muab rau lawv raws li khaws cia.

Russia tau kov yeej Sarasate nrog nws kev tos txais. Tom qab 2 xyoos, nws rov muab ib tug series ntawm concerts ntawm no. Tom qab thawj qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj, uas tau tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 28, 1881 hauv St. Petersburg, uas Sarasate tau ua yeeb yam nrog A. Rubinstein, cov xov xwm suab paj nruag tau sau tseg: Sarasate "yog qhov sib piv tsis tau ntawm kev ua si nkauj laus ncas li thawj zaug (ie, Rubinstein. - LR ) tsis muaj kev sib tw hauv kev ua si piano, nrog rau kev zam, ntawm chav kawm, ntawm Liszt.

Kev tuaj txog ntawm Sarasate hauv St. Petersburg thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1898 tau rov ua dua los ntawm kev kov yeej. Ib pawg neeg coob coob ntawm cov pej xeem tau puv lub tsev ntawm Noble Assembly (lub Philharmonic tam sim no). Ua ke nrog Auer, Sarasate muab quartet yav tsaus ntuj uas nws ua Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata.

Lub sij hawm kawg ntawm Petersburg tau mloog Sarasate twb nyob rau hauv txoj kab nqes ntawm nws lub neej, nyob rau hauv 1903, thiab xovxwm tshuaj xyuas qhia tau hais tias nws khaws nws virtuoso txawj mus txog rau thaum laus. "Qhov zoo ntawm tus kws kos duab yog lub suab nrov, tag nrho thiab muaj zog ntawm nws lub suab nkauj, cov txheej txheem ci ntsa iab uas kov yeej txhua yam teeb meem; thiab, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub teeb, maj mam thiab melodious hneev nyob rau hauv plays ntawm ib tug ntau intimate xwm - tag nrho cov no yog zoo kawg nkaus mastered los ntawm cov neeg Mev. Sarasate tseem yog tib "tus huab tais ntawm violinists", hauv kev lees paub ntawm lo lus. Txawm tias nws laus lawm, nws tseem xav tsis thoob nrog nws txoj kev ua neej thiab yooj yim ntawm txhua yam nws ua.

Sarasate yog ib qho phenomenon. Rau nws cov neeg kawm tiav, nws tau qhib lub qab ntug tshiab rau kev ua si nkauj laus ncas: “Ib zaug hauv Amsterdam,” sau K. Flesh, “Izai, thaum tham nrog kuv, tau muab cov kev ntsuam xyuas hauv qab no rau Sarasata: “Nws yog tus uas qhia peb ua si huv si. ” Lub siab xav ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab niaj hnub rau kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, qhov tseeb thiab qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev ua si yog los ntawm Sarasate los ntawm lub sijhawm nws tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj. Ua ntej nws, kev ywj pheej, fluidity thiab brilliance ntawm kev ua tau zoo yog suav hais tias tseem ceeb dua.

“… Nws yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm ib hom violinist tshiab thiab ua si nrog kev yooj yim heev, tsis muaj qhov nruj me ntsis. Nws lub ntsis ntiv tes tsaws ntawm lub fretboard zoo heev thiab calmly, tsis txhob tsoo cov hlua. Qhov kev vibration tau dav dua li kev cai nrog violinists ua ntej Sarasate. Nws ntseeg tau tias kev muaj hneev nti yog thawj thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev rho tawm qhov zoo tagnrho - hauv nws txoj kev xav - lub suab. Lub "tshuab" ntawm nws tus hneev rau ntawm txoj hlua tsoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm tus choj thiab lub fretboard ntawm lub violin thiab tsis tshua tau mus txog ntawm tus choj, qhov twg, raws li peb paub, ib tug muaj peev xwm rho tawm cov yam ntxwv suab zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv nro. mus rau lub suab ntawm oboe.

Tus kws sau keeb kwm German ntawm violin art A. Moser kuj txheeb xyuas Sarasate cov txuj ci kev ua tau zoo: "Thaum nug los ntawm qhov txhais tau tias Sarasate ua tiav qhov kev vam meej zoo li no," nws sau, "peb yuav tsum ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov lus teb nrog suab. Nws lub suab, tsis muaj "tsis huv", tag nrho ntawm "qab zib", ua thaum nws pib ua si, ncaj qha stunning. Kuv hais tias "pib ua si" tsis yog tsis muaj lub siab xav, txij li lub suab ntawm Sarasate, txawm tias tag nrho nws cov kev zoo nkauj, yog monotonous, yuav luag tsis muaj peev xwm hloov, vim tias, tom qab ib ntus, dab tsi hu ua "tau dhuav", zoo li huab cua hnub ci tsis tu ncua hauv xwm. Qhov thib ob yam uas ua rau Sarasate txoj kev vam meej yog qhov yooj yim zoo kawg nkaus, kev ywj pheej uas nws siv nws cov txheej txheem colossal. Nws nkag mus rau hauv unmistakably huv si thiab kov yeej lub siab tshaj plaws kev nyuaj siab nrog exceptional kev tshav ntuj.

Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov txheej txheem kev ua si Sarasate muab Auer. Nws sau tias Sarasate (thiab Wieniawski) "muaj qhov nrawm thiab meej, ntev ntev trill, uas yog qhov kev lees paub zoo ntawm lawv cov kev txawj ntse." Lwm qhov hauv tib phau ntawv los ntawm Auer peb nyeem: “Sarasate, uas muaj lub suab nrov zoo nkauj, tsuas yog siv staccato volant (uas yog, ya staccato. – LR), tsis nrawm, tab sis infinitely graceful. Qhov kawg feature, uas yog, txoj kev tshav ntuj, illuminated nws tag nrho cov kev ua si thiab tau ua tiav los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb melodious suab, tab sis tsis muaj zog heev. Muab piv rau txoj kev tuav hneev ntawm Joachim, Wieniawski thiab Sarasate, Auer sau: "Sarasate tuav hneev nrog tag nrho nws cov ntiv tes, uas tsis tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev tsim lub suab nrov dawb, suab nrov thiab airy lightness nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus."

Feem ntau cov kev tshuaj xyuas nco ntsoov tias cov classics tsis tau muab rau Sarasata, txawm hais tias nws feem ntau thiab feem ntau tig mus rau Bach, Beethoven, thiab nyiam ua si hauv quartets. Moser hais tias tom qab thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Beethoven Concerto hauv Berlin hauv 80s, kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov suab paj nruag thuam E. Taubert ua raws, uas Sarasate qhov kev txhais lus tau raug thuam ntau heev hauv kev sib piv nrog Joachim's. "Hnub tom qab, ntsib kuv, Sarasate npau taws qw rau kuv: "Tau kawg, hauv tebchaws Yelemes lawv ntseeg tias ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam Beethoven Concerto yuav tsum tawm hws zoo li koj cov rog rog!"

Reassuring nws, Kuv pom tias kuv npau taws heev thaum cov neeg tuaj saib, zoo siab nrog nws kev ua si, cuam tshuam lub orchestral tutti nrog npuaj teg tom qab thawj solo. Sarasate lashed rau kuv, "Nyob zoo txiv neej, tsis txhob hais lus tsis muaj tseeb! Orchestral tutti muaj nyob kom muab sijhawm rau tus soloist so thiab cov neeg tuaj qhuas. " Thaum kuv tuav kuv lub taub hau, poob siab los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim me me no, nws hais ntxiv tias: “Cia kuv nyob ib leeg nrog koj txoj haujlwm symphonic. Koj nug vim li cas kuv tsis ua si Brahms Concerto! Kuv tsis xav tsis kam lees tias qhov no yog suab paj nruag zoo nkauj. Tab sis koj puas xav txog kuv tiag tiag tsis muaj qhov saj uas kuv, tau nce mus rau theem nrog lub violin hauv kuv txhais tes, sawv thiab mloog yuav ua li cas hauv Adagio oboe plays tib lub suab ntawm tag nrho cov haujlwm rau cov neeg tuaj saib?

Moser thiab Sarasate lub chamber suab paj nruag tau piav qhia meej: “Lub sijhawm nyob hauv Berlin ntev dua, Sarasate tau caw kuv cov phooj ywg Spanish thiab cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm EF Arbos (violin) thiab Augustino Rubio mus rau nws lub tsev so Kaiserhof los ua si quartet nrog kuv. (cello). Nws tus kheej ua si ib feem ntawm thawj violin, Arbos thiab kuv alternated ib feem ntawm lub violin thiab lub violin thib ob. Nws nyiam quartets, nrog rau Op. 59 Beethoven, Schumann thiab Brahms quartets. Cov no yog cov uas feem ntau tau ua. Sarasate ua si tsis tshua muaj neeg mob siab rau, ua tiav txhua tus neeg sau cov lus qhia. Nws suab zoo, tau kawg, tab sis "sab hauv" uas yog "nruab nrab ntawm cov kab" tseem tsis tau nthuav tawm.

Moser cov lus thiab nws cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov xwm ntawm Sarasate txoj kev txhais ntawm classical tej hauj lwm nrhiav kev pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov khoom thiab lwm cov neeg xyuas. Nws yog feem ntau tau taw qhia txog lub monotony, monotony uas txawv lub suab ntawm Sarasate lub violin, thiab qhov tseeb tias cov haujlwm ntawm Beethoven thiab Bach tsis ua haujlwm zoo rau nws. Txawm li cas los xij, Moser tus cwj pwm tseem nyob ib sab. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ze rau nws tus cwj pwm, Sarasate tau qhia nws tus kheej los ua tus kws kos duab hloov maj mam. Raws li tag nrho cov kev txheeb xyuas, piv txwv li, nws tau ua Mendelssohn's concerto incomparably. Thiab qhov ua tau phem npaum li cas ntawm Bach thiab Beethoven tau ua, yog tias tus neeg saib xyuas nruj li Auer tau hais lus zoo txog Sarasate txoj kev txhais lus!

"Nruab nrab ntawm 1870 thiab 1880, txoj kev nyiam ua suab paj nruag zoo nkauj hauv pej xeem concerts tau loj hlob heev, thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no tau txais kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov xovxwm, tias qhov no ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xws li Wieniawski thiab Sarasate - cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv no. - kom dav siv nyob rau hauv lawv cov concertos violin compositions ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws hom. Lawv suav nrog Bach's Chaconne thiab lwm yam haujlwm, nrog rau Beethoven's Concerto, hauv lawv cov haujlwm, thiab nrog cov neeg txhais lus tshaj plaws (Kuv txhais tau tias tus kheej hauv qhov kev nkag siab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lo lus), lawv cov kev txhais lus zoo nkauj thiab kev ua tau zoo txaus tau pab txhawb ntau rau. lawv koob meej. ".

Hais txog Sarasate txoj kev txhais lus ntawm Saint-Saens's Thib Concerto mob siab rau nws, tus sau nws tus kheej tau sau tias: “Kuv tau sau ib lub concerto uas thawj zaug thiab qhov kawg yog qhov qhia tau zoo heev; lawv tau sib cais los ntawm ib feem uas txhua yam ua pa tranquility - zoo li lub pas dej ntawm roob. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj uas ua rau kuv muaj kev hwm ntawm kev ua si qhov haujlwm no feem ntau tsis nkag siab qhov sib txawv no - lawv vibrated rau ntawm lub pas dej, ib yam li hauv roob. Sarasate, uas tus concerto tau sau tseg, tau nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub pas dej thaum nws zoo siab heev nyob rau hauv lub roob. Thiab ces tus composer xaus lus: "Tsis muaj dab tsi zoo dua thaum ua suab paj nruag, yuav ua li cas qhia nws tus cwj pwm."

Ntxiv rau qhov concerto, Saint-Saëns tau mob siab rau Rondo Capriccioso rau Sarasata. Lwm cov kws sau nkauj tau qhia lawv txoj kev qhuas rau tus neeg ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam zoo ib yam. Nws tau mob siab rau: Thawj Concerto thiab Spanish Symphony los ntawm E. Lalo, Qhov thib ob Concerto thiab Scottish Fantasy los ntawm M. Bruch, Ob Concerto los ntawm G. Wieniawski. Auer tau hais tias "Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Sarasate," yog raws li kev lees paub dav dav uas nws yeej rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Nws kuj yog nws qhov tsim nyog uas nws yog thawj zaug ua kom nrov concertos ntawm Bruch, Lalo thiab Saint-Saens.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, Sarasate nthuav tawm cov nkauj zoo nkauj thiab nws tus kheej ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv lawv nws yog incomparable. Ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag, Spanish seev cev, Gypsy tunes, Fantasia ntawm motifs los ntawm opera "Carmen" los ntawm Bizet, Taw Qhia thiab tarantella tau txais koob meej. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab ze tshaj plaws rau qhov kev ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm Sarasate tus kws sau ntawv tau muab los ntawm Auer. Nws tau sau tias: "Qhov tseem ceeb, muaj peev xwm thiab kev hais kwv txhiaj tiag tiag ntawm Sarasate nws tus kheej - "Airs Espagnoles", yog li ci ntsa iab los ntawm kev sib hlub ntawm nws lub teb chaws - tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab violin."

Hauv Spanish seev cev, Sarasate tau tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov suab paj nruag rau nws, thiab lawv tau ua tiav nrog lub ntsej muag muag, kev tshav ntuj. Los ntawm lawv - txoj kev ncaj qha mus rau cov khoom me me ntawm Granados, Albeniz, de Falla. Fantasy ntawm motifs los ntawm Bizet's "Carmen" yog tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb violin ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm virtuoso fantasies xaiv los ntawm tus composer. Nws tuaj yeem raug muab tso rau ntawm qhov sib npaug nrog qhov kev xav tiag tiag ntawm Paganini, Venyavsky, Ernst.

Sarasate yog thawj tus kws ntaus nkauj ua yeeb yaj kiab uas nws ua si tau kaw rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv gramophone; nws ua qhov Prelude los ntawm E-major partita los ntawm J.-S. Bach rau violin solo, nrog rau Kev Taw Qhia thiab tarantella ntawm nws tus kheej muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Sarasate tsis muaj tsev neeg thiab qhov tseeb tau mob siab rau nws lub neej tag nrho rau lub violin. Muaj tseeb, nws muaj kev mob siab rau kev sau. Cov khoom nyob rau hauv nws collections yog heev lom zem. Sarasate thiab nyob rau hauv no mob siab rau zoo li ib tug me nyuam loj. Nws nyiam sau … taug kev (!); sau canes, decorated nrog kub pob qhov rooj thiab inlaid nrog precious pob zeb, muaj nuj nqis antiquities thiab antique gizmos. Nws tau tso tseg cov hmoov zoo kwv yees li ntawm 3000000 francs.

Sarasate tuag hauv Biarritz thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 20, 1908, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 64. Txhua yam uas nws tau txais, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig feem ntau rau cov koom haum ua yeeb yam thiab kev txhawb siab. Lub Paris thiab Madrid Conservatories txhua tus tau txais 10 francs; Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua tus ntawm lawv yog Stradivarius violin. Ib qho loj npaum li cas tau muab rau khoom plig rau cov kws ntaus nkauj. Sarasate pub nws cov khoom sau zoo nkauj rau nws lub nroog Pamplona.

L. Raaben