Bandura: nws yog dab tsi, muaj pes tsawg leeg, keeb kwm, nws suab li cas

Bandurists tau ntev ua ib qho ntawm Ukrainian lub teb chaws cim. Nrog lub bandura, cov neeg hu nkauj no tau ua ntau yam nkauj ntawm ib hom ntawv epic. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX, lub suab paj nruag tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo; bandura players tseem tuaj yeem pom hnub no.

Dab tsi yog bandura

Bandura yog Ukrainian pej xeem suab paj nruas ntsuas. Nws belongs rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm plucked hlua. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim los ntawm lub cev loj oval thiab lub caj dab me me.

Lub suab yog ci, muaj tus yam ntxwv timbre. Bandurists ua si los ntawm plucking cov hlua nrog lawv cov ntiv tes. Slip-on "nails" qee zaum siv. Thaum ua si nrog rau tes, lub suab nrov dua thiab ntse tau txais.

Keeb kwm

Tsis muaj kev pom zoo rau keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm bandura. Ib txhia historians ntseeg hais tias nws yog los ntawm lub gusli, ib tug Lavxias teb sab pej xeem suab paj nruas ntsuas. Thawj hom gusli tsis muaj ntau tshaj 5 txoj hlua, thiab hom kev ua si ntawm lawv zoo ib yam li balalaika. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX, lwm yam kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim, nrog rau ntau txoj hlua, thiab nrog rau qhov kev pom uas tsis zoo ib yam li bandura.

Cov keeb kwm feem ntau txhawb cov version hais txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov cuab yeej los ntawm kobza. Lub kobza belongs rau cov twj paj nruag zoo li lute, uas ua rau lawv zoo ib yam li cov symmetry ntawm banduras thaum ntxov. Qee lub npe ntawm cov hlua ntawm cov twj paj nruag muaj ntau. Lub repertoire ua los ntawm bandurists thiab kobza players yog zoo sib xws, nrog ntau yam compositions.

Lub npe yog qiv los ntawm Polish. Lub npe Polish "bandura" los ntawm Latin lo lus "pandura", denoting cithara - Greek ntau yam ntawm lyre.

Bandura ntaus ntawv

Lub cev yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom linden ntoo. Lub caj dab ntawm qhov ntsuas yog dav, tab sis luv. Lub npe ntawm lub caj dab yog tus kov. Qhov nkhaus ntawm lub caj dab yog hu ua lub taub hau. Ntawm lub taub hau muaj tuning pegs tuav cov hlua. Tig lub pegs qis los yog tsa cov hlua, yog li tus neeg ua si bandura kho lub suab.

Lub ntsiab ntawm lub cev ntawm lub ntsuas yog hu ua qhov ceev. Outwardly, lub speedboat zoo li ib tug txiav taub dag. Los ntawm saum toj no, lub speedboard yog them nrog ib tug lawj, hu ua saum. Nyob rau sab ntawm lub lawj yog ib tug ntoo stringer uas tuav cov hlua ntawm ib sab. Ib lub qhov yog txiav nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub soundboard, resonating lub extracted suab.

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlua bandura yog 12. Ib nrab yog ntev thiab tuab, lwm qhov yog nyias thiab luv. Niaj hnub nimno versions muaj ntau txoj hlua, mus txog 70.

Siv lub cuab tam

Txij li thaum Nrab Hnub nyoog lig, bandura tau siv los ua ib qho kev sib txuas rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ntseeg psalms. Tom qab ntawd, Cossacks ntawm Zaporozhian Sich pib ua lawv tus kheej tej hauj lwm, uas tau los ua ib feem ntawm pej xeem suab paj nruag.

Niaj hnub no, cov twj paj nruag kuj tseem siv sab nraum zoov suab paj nruag. Piv txwv li, Ukrainian suab paj nruas pab pawg B&B Project cov ntaub ntawv npog cov qauv ntawm cov nkauj nrov pob zeb. Ntawm cov kev txhais lus ntawm Ukrainian duo yog "Qhia Yuav Tsum Mus Rau" los ntawm poj huab tais, "Tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv" los ntawm Metallica, "Deutschland" los ntawm Rammstein.

Hauv 2019, cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg rau tus naj npawb ntawm bandura players ua si tib lub sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Taras Shevchenko lub hnub yug, 407 tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag ib txhij ua cov kws sau paj huam nto moo - "Lub Testament" thiab "Roars and moans the wide Dnieper".

Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias nyob rau xyoo pua XNUMX lub bandura txuas ntxiv mus siv rau hauv Ukrainian pej xeem suab paj nruag thiab dhau mus. Nws tau tso nws lub cim rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Ukrainian kab lis kev cai thiab tau koom nrog nws.