Kev txhais lus |

lat. transscriptio, lit. - rov sau dua

Kev npaj, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag, muaj kev ywj pheej kos duab muaj nqis. Muaj ob hom kev sau ntawv: kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho kev ua haujlwm rau lwm lub twj paj nruag (piv txwv li, piano transcription ntawm lub suab, violin, orchestral composition lossis vocal, violin, orchestral transcription ntawm piano muaj pes tsawg leeg); hloov (rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev yooj yim dua los yog ntau dua virtuosity) ntawm kev nthuav qhia yam tsis tau hloov cov cuab yeej (lub suab) uas cov hauj lwm yog npaj nyob rau hauv thawj. Paraphrases tej zaum erroneously ntaus nqi rau cov transcription hom.

Kev sau ntawv muaj keeb kwm ntev, rov qab mus rau cov ntawv sau nkauj thiab seev cev rau ntau yam twj paj nruag hauv 16th thiab 17th centuries. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sau ntawv zoo tau pib nyob rau xyoo pua 18th. (cov ntawv sau, feem ntau yog rau harpsichord, ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm JA Reinken, A. Vivaldi, G. Telemann, B. Marcello thiab lwm tus, muaj los ntawm JS Bach). Hauv pem teb 1. Lub xyoo pua 19th Piano transcriptions, txawv los ntawm lub virtuosity ntawm lub salon hom, tau nthuav dav (transcriptions los ntawm F. Kalkbrenner, A. Hertz, Z. Thalberg, T. Döhler, S. Heller, AL Henselt, thiab lwm yam); feem ntau lawv yog adaptations ntawm nrov opera suab paj nruag.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nthuav tawm cov txuj ci thiab xim muaj peev xwm ntawm lub piano tau ua si los ntawm ntau qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm F. Liszt (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nkauj los ntawm F. Schubert, caprices los ntawm N. Paganini thiab fragments los ntawm operas los ntawm WA ​​Mozart, R. Wagner, G. Verdi; nyob rau hauv tag nrho txog 500 kev npaj). Ntau yam haujlwm hauv hom no tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg ua tiav thiab cov thwjtim ntawm Liszt - K. Tausig (Bach's toccata thiab fugue hauv d-moll, Schubert's "Military March" hauv D-dur), HG von Bülow, K. Klindworth, K. Saint -Saens, F. Busoni, L. Godovsky thiab lwm tus.

Busoni thiab Godowsky yog tus tswv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev hloov pauv piano ntawm lub sijhawm tom qab daim ntawv teev npe; thawj ntawm lawv tau nto moo rau nws cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm los ntawm Bach (toccatas, chorale preludes, thiab lwm yam), Mozart thiab Liszt (Spanish Rhapsody, etudes tom qab Paganini's caprices), qhov thib ob rau nws hloov kho ntawm harpsichord pieces ntawm 17th-18th centuries. , Chopin's etudes thiab Strauss waltzes.

Liszt (nrog rau nws cov thwjtim) tau qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj hauv kev rau hom ntawv sau ntau dua li nws cov thawj coj. Ntawm ib sab, nws tsoo nrog tus yam ntxwv ntawm salon pianists ntawm 1st pem teb. 19th caug xyoo los sau cov ntawv sau nrog cov ntawv khoob uas tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog cov suab paj nruag ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tau npaj los ua kom pom kev tsim txiaj ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam; Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws kuj tau txav mus deb ntawm qhov kev luam tawm ntau dhau ntawm cov ntawv qub, xav tias nws muaj peev xwm thiab tsim nyog los them nyiaj rau qhov kev poob qis ntawm qee yam ntawm kev kos duab tag nrho thaum sau los ntawm lwm txoj kev muab los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshiab.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Liszt, Busoni, Godowsky, kev nthuav qhia pianistic, raws li txoj cai, yog raws li tus ntsuj plig thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub suab paj nruag; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau yam kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab kev sib haum xeeb, kev sib dhos thiab daim ntawv, kev sau npe thiab lub suab coj, thiab lwm yam, tau tso cai rau hauv kev nthuav qhia, tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej tshiab (ib lub tswv yim tiag tiag ntawm ​​qhov no yog muab los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm cov ntawv sau ntawm tib Paganini caprice - E-dur No 9 los ntawm Schumann thiab Liszt).

Ib tus tswv ntawm violin transcription yog F. Kreisler (kev npaj ntawm daim los ntawm WA ​​Mozart, Schubert, Schumann, thiab lwm yam).

Ib daim ntawv uas tsis tshua muaj neeg txhais lus yog orchestral (piv txwv li, Mussorgsky-Ravel's Pictures at an Exhibition).

Ib hom ntawv sau, feem ntau yog piano, hauv Lavxias (AL Gurilev, AI Dyubyuk, AS Dargomyzhsky, MA Balakirev, AG Rubinshtein, SV Rachmaninov) thiab suab paj nruag Soviet (AD Kamensky, II Mikhnovsky, SE Feinberg, DB Kabalevsky, GR Per Ginzman, NE. , TP Nikolaev, thiab lwm yam).

Cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sau ntawv ("The Forest King" los ntawm Schubert-Liszt, "Chaconne" los ntawm Bach-Busoni, thiab lwm yam) muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj; Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev nplua nuj ntawm cov ntawv sau qis uas tsim los ntawm ntau yam kev tsim txiaj tau lees paub qhov no thiab ua rau nws ploj mus los ntawm ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam.

References: Tsev kawm ntawv ntawm piano transcription, comp. Kogan GM, vol. 1–6, M., 1970–78; Busoni F., Entwurf einer neuen Ästhetik der Tonkunst, Triest, 1907, Wiesbaden, 1954

GM Koj