Tonic |

tonic (Fabkis tonique, note tonique; ntm. Tonika) - chaw. lub suab nrov; Lub suab nrov, raws li Krom, tag nrho cov kab ke tau txais nws lub npe (hauv C-dur thiab c-moll - lub suab ua o), nrog rau lub ntsiab chord-nyob, uas hom no tau tsim (hauv C-dur , lub chord ce-g, hauv c-moll-c-es-g); npe - T. Tonic - lub hauv paus, pib taw tes thiab ua tiav ntawm harmonics. txheej txheem, logical center ntawm harmonic xav, esp. ustoy (nyob ntawm Krom yog xav tias yog lub sijhawm so, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum rov qab mus rau T., kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj). Hauv kev ua haujlwm sib haum xeeb ntawm tonality, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm T. Nws raug pom ncaj qha thoob plaws hauv ib daim ntawv tsaus ntuj (lub sijhawm, ob- thiab peb-ntu; piv txwv li, hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm 1 feem ntawm 12th piano sonata ntawm Beethoven, ntu 1 ntawm kev ua si "Lub Ib Hlis" los ntawm "Lub Caij Ntuj Sov. "Tchaikovsky); modulation teev zoo sib xws. qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lwm tus T. (qhov no piav qhia txog kev sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm T. thiab tsim cov ntsiab lus, articulation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv suab paj nruag). Lub zog ntawm T. hauv functional harmonic. system ntawm tonality yog txiav txim los ntawm ob peb yam: qhov xwm ntawm muses. cov ntsiab lus, imbued nrog lub tswv yim ntawm rationalistic. centralization; qhov kev xaiv ntawm lub teev uas yog diatonic nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus thiab tsis muaj ib tug tritone rau ib yam ntawm cov suab ntawm T.; lub koom haum ntawm fret siv "triple proportions" (functions S - T - D), uas ua rau lub siab tshaj plaws ntxiv dag zog rau qhov chaw-T; ib qho metric hais txog qhov hnyav ntawm qhov xaus. cadence moments (lub thiaj li hu ua hnyav ntsuas - 4th, 8th - raws li metrical foundations, zoo ib yam li T.; saib Tonality). Raws li ib qeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag T. txoj kev xav yog ib yam ntawm cov chaw (kev txhawb nqa) uas ua haujlwm raws li kev txhawb nqa hauv kev tsim ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm suab (saib Lad). Qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qeb T. xws li ib lub chaw tso cai rau peb txuas lub sij hawm no mus rau qhov chaw. cov ntsiab lus ntawm lwm cov tshuab (ntawm cov qauv ntawm pej xeem suab paj nruag, lub ntiaj teb thaum ub, hom medieval, modal kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Renaissance, symmetrical hom ntawm 19th-20th centuries, systems nrog lub suab nruab nrab lossis chord hauv suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th). Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau paub qhov txawv ntawm hom chaw (cov hauv paus) - baroque thiab classical-romantic. T. (los ntawm J. S. Bach, W. A. Mozart, F. Chopin, R. Wagner, M. I. Glinka, S. V. Rachmaninov), nruab nrab-xyoo pua. finalis (uas, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau classical T., tej zaum yuav tsis permeate tag nrho cov suab paj nruag nrog nws cov yeeb yam; piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub antiphons Miserere mei Deus I tone, Vidimus stellam ejus IV suab), T. tshiab key ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. (piv txwv li, tonic G hauv opera Wozzeck los ntawm Berg, dissonant complex T. hauv orc. interlude ntawm 4th thiab 5th scenes ntawm 3rd act ntawm tib opera), center. tone (tone mi thaum pib thiab xaus ntawm Penderecki's Dies irae), nruab nrab. pab pawg (thaj thib 1 los ntawm Schoenberg's Lunar Pierrot), quasi-tonic siv cov koob (piv txwv li, ntu 1 ntawm E. V.

References: saib hauv qab cov ntawv Tonality, Hom, Harmony.

Yu. N. Kholopov