Tito Schipa (Tito Schipa) |
Tito Sib
Lub npe ntawm tus neeg hu nkauj Italian Skipa yog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov npe ntawm cov npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. VV Timokhin sau hais tias: “… Skipa tau los ua ib tug neeg hu nkauj tshwj xeeb. Nws cov ntsiab lus tau txawv los ntawm kev nplua nuj ntawm kev nthuav qhia nuances, nws tau kov yeej nrog rhiab thiab softness ntawm lub suab, tsis tshua muaj plasticity thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm cantilena.
Tito Skipa yug rau lub Ib Hlis 2, 1889 nyob rau yav qab teb Ltalis, hauv nroog Lecce. Tus tub nyiam hu nkauj txij thaum yau. Twb yog thaum muaj xya xyoo, Tito hu nkauj hauv pawg ntseeg hu nkauj.
"Opera troupes feem ntau tuaj rau Lecce, nrhiav cov menyuam yaus rau kev hu nkauj ib ntus ntawm lawv lub tsev ua yeeb yam," sau I. Ryabova. - Little Tito yog ib tus neeg koom nrog hauv txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam. Thaum tus npis sov hnov tus tub hluas hu nkauj, thiab ntawm nws qhov kev caw, Skipa pib mus koom lub koom txoos kev ntseeg, qhov chaw uas nws nyiam tshaj plaws yog kev qhia suab paj nruag thiab hu nkauj. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, Tito Skipa pib kawm hu nkauj nrog ib tug neeg muaj koob muaj npe hauv zos - amateur singer A. Gerunda, thiab sai sai no los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub conservatory nyob rau hauv Lecce, qhov chaw uas nws tau mus kawm cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv piano, suab paj nruag txoj kev xav thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Tom qab ntawd, Skipa kuj kawm hu nkauj hauv Milan nrog tus kws qhia suab nrov E. Piccoli. Lub tom kawg tau pab nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv los ua nws thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1910 ntawm lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam ntawm lub nroog Vercelli li Alfred hauv Verdi opera La traviata. Tsis ntev Tito tsiv mus rau lub nroog ntawm Ltalis. Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Costanci Theatre coj kev ua tiav zoo rau cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam, uas qhib txoj hauv kev rau nws mus rau qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws ua yeeb yam.
Xyoo 1913, Skipa ua luam dej hla dej hiav txwv thiab ua yeeb yam hauv Argentina thiab Brazil. Rov qab los tsev, nws rov hu nkauj ntawm Costanzi, thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm Neapolitan theatre San Carlo. Nyob rau hauv 1915, tus singer ua nws debut ntawm La Scala li Vladimir Igorevich nyob rau hauv Prince Igor; Tom qab ntawd ua ib feem ntawm De Grieux hauv Massenet's Manon. Nyob rau hauv 1917, nyob rau hauv Monte Carlo, Skipa hu ib feem ntawm Ruggiero ntawm lub premiere ntawm Puccini's Opera The Swallow. Rov ua dua tus kws kos duab ua yeeb yam hauv Madrid thiab Lisbon, thiab ua tiav zoo.
Xyoo 1919, Tito tau tsiv mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, thiab tau los ua ib tus thawj coj soloists ntawm Chicago Opera House, qhov chaw nws hu nkauj txij xyoo 1920 txog 1932. Tab sis tom qab ntawd nws feem ntau mus ncig hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab lwm lub nroog Asmeskas. Txij xyoo 1929, Tito ua ntu zus ntawm La Scala. Thaum lub sijhawm mus ncig no, tus kws kos duab ntsib nrog cov kws ntaus nkauj zoo nkauj, hu nkauj hauv kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm cov thawj coj loj. Tito yuav tsum tau ua yeeb yam ntawm theem thiab ua ke nrog cov suab nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Feem ntau nws tus khub yog tus naas ej singer A. Galli-Curci. Ob zaug Skipa muaj hmoo txaus los hu nkauj nrog FI Chaliapin, hauv Rossini's The Barber of Seville ntawm La Scala hauv xyoo 1928 thiab ntawm Colon Theatre (Buenos Aires) xyoo 1930.
Cov rooj sib tham nrog Chaliapin tshuav ib qho cim tsis tuaj yeem ntawm lub cim xeeb ntawm Tito Skipa. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau sau tias: “Nyob hauv kuv lub neej kuv tau ntsib ntau tus neeg zoo, zoo thiab ci ntsa iab, tab sis Fyodor Chaliapin yees rau lawv zoo li Mont Blanc. Nws tau ua ke qhov tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm tus kws tshaj lij, txawj ntse - ua yeeb yam thiab ua yeeb yam. Tsis yog txhua txhua xyoo pua muab lub ntiaj teb no tus neeg.
Nyob rau hauv lub 30s, Skipa yog nyob rau hauv lub zenith ntawm koob meej. Nws tau txais kev caw mus rau Metropolitan Opera, qhov twg hauv 1932 nws tau ua nws thawj zaug hauv Donizetti's Love Potion nrog kev ua tiav zoo, dhau los ua tus tsim nyog ua tiav rau cov kab lis kev cai ntawm nto moo Beniamino Gigli, uas nyuam qhuav tawm hauv tsev ua yeeb yam. Hauv New York, tus kws kos duab ua yeeb yam txog xyoo 1935. Nws hu nkauj rau lwm lub caij ntawm Metropolitan Opera hauv 1940/41.
Tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, Skipa ua yeeb yam hauv Ltalis thiab hauv ntau lub nroog thoob ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv 1955 nws tawm hauv lub opera theem, tab sis tseem yog ib tug concerts. Nws mob siab rau ntau lub sijhawm rau kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ua suab paj nruag, dhau ntawm nws qhov kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse rau cov tub ntxhais hluas hu nkauj. Skipa coj cov chav kawm suab hauv ntau lub nroog hauv Tebchaws Europe.
Nyob rau hauv 1957, tus singer mus ncig ua si nyob rau hauv lub USSR, ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Moscow, Leningrad thiab Riga. Tom qab ntawd nws ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm kev sib tw suab nrov ntawm VI World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow.
Xyoo 1962, tus neeg hu nkauj tau mus ncig ua si hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Skipa tuag rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 16, 1965 hauv New York.
Tus kws tshaj lij Italian suab paj nruag Celetti, uas tau sau cov lus piv txwv rau Skipa's memoirs, luam tawm hauv Rome xyoo 1961, hais tias tus neeg hu nkauj no tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm Italian opera theatre, tau cuam tshuam cov kev nyiam ntawm pej xeem thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov phooj ywg. ua yeeb yam nrog nws art.
Cheletti sau tseg tias "Tam sim no hauv 20s, nws tau ua ntej ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm pej xeem," Cheletti sau tseg, "tsis kam siv lub suab nrov nrov, nws nto moo rau nws txoj kev yooj yim ntawm lub suab lus, ceev faj tus cwj pwm rau lo lus. Thiab yog tias koj ntseeg tias bel canto yog hu nkauj organic, ces Skipa yog nws tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws. "
"Tus neeg hu nkauj lub repertoire tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm nws lub suab, ib tug mos mos lyrical tenor," sau I. Ryabova. - Cov kev txaus siab ntawm tus kws kos duab tau tsom mus rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, ntawm qee qhov chaw hauv Verdi operas. Tus neeg hu nkauj-tus kws ua yeeb yam ntawm cov txuj ci zoo, muaj suab paj nruag txawv tshaj plaw, cov txheej txheem zoo heev, kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj, Skipa tsim tag nrho cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab cov duab theem. Ntawm lawv yog Almaviva hauv Rossini's The Barber of Seville, Edgar hauv Lucia di Lammermoor thiab Nemorino hauv Donizetti's Potion of Love, Elvino hauv Bellini's La Sonnambula, Duke hauv Rigoletto thiab Alfred hauv Verdi's La Traviata. Skipa tseem paub tias yog ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw hauv operas los ntawm Fabkis cov kws sau ntawv. Ntawm nws qhov kev tsim zoo tshaj plaws yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm Des Grieux thiab Werther hauv kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm J. Massenet, Gerald hauv Lakma los ntawm L. Delibes. Ib tug kws ua yeeb yam ntawm cov suab paj nruag siab, Skipa tau tswj hwm los tsim cov suab paj nruag uas tsis nco qab hauv V.-A. Mozart."
Raws li kev hais kwv txhiaj hu nkauj, Skipa feem ntau ua yeeb yam Spanish thiab Italian pej xeem. Nws yog ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Neapolitan nkauj. Tom qab nws tuag, tus kws ua yeeb yaj kiab cov ntawv kaw tau tas li suav nrog txhua lub suab nkauj ntawm Neapolitan nkauj tshaj tawm txawv teb chaws. Skipa rov sau dua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv gramophone - piv txwv li, opera Don Pasquale tau kaw tag nrho nrog nws kev koom tes.
Tus kws ua yeeb yam tau qhia kev txawj ntse thiab ua yeeb yam hauv ntau zaj yeeb yaj kiab. Ib qho ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab no - "Favorite Arias" - tau tshwm sim ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus ntawm peb lub teb chaws.
Skipa kuj tau koob meej raws li ib tug composer. Nws yog tus sau choral thiab piano compositions thiab nkauj. Nyob rau hauv 1929 nws tau sau lub operetta "Princess Liana", staged nyob rau hauv Rome nyob rau hauv 1935.
