Piano Keeb Kwm

Piano yog ib lub npe nrov rau cov twj paj nruag nrog rauj. Muaj peev xwm ua si nws yog ib qho cim ntawm kev saj zoo. Daim duab ntawm ib tug neeg mob siab rau, txawj ntse tshuab raj ntawm lub xyoo pua nrog rau txhua tus pianist. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no yog ib qho cuab yeej rau cov neeg tseem ceeb, txawm hais tias kev paub txog qhov kev ua si ntawm nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm suab paj nruag.

Kev kawm txog keeb kwm pab kom nkag siab zoo txog cov qauv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub piano

Keeb kwm ntawm lub piano spans ntau tshaj ob centuries. Qhov tseeb, thawj lub piano tau tsim ib txhij hauv Asmeskas (J. Hawkins thaum kawg ntawm 1800) thiab Austria (M. Müller thaum pib ntawm 1801). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cuab yeej tsim tau txais pedals. Daim ntawv tiag tiag nrog lub cam khwb cia-hlau thav duab, hla cov hlua, thiab ntau theem ntawm cov dampers tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.

Feem ntau yog "lub rooj zaum pianos". Lawv muaj tus qauv lub cev loj ntawm 1400 × 1200 hli, ntau yam ntawm 7 octaves, lub pedal mechanism mounted rau hauv qab daus pem teb, ib tug ntsug console txuas nrog lub piano ceg thiab beam. Yog li, keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov piano yog yuav luag ib puas xyoo luv dua li lub sijhawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov cuab yeej no.

Lub forerunner ntawm lub piano yog lub monochord

Tag nrho cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg nyob ntawm txoj kev tsim suab. Cov no yog cov twj paj nruag, cov twj paj nruag cua thiab cov twj paj nruag percussion. Cov cuab yeej xws li clavichord, harpsichord thiab dulcimer tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog tus thawj coj ntawm piano. Tab sis yog tias peb saib ntxiv, nws pom tseeb tias lub piano yog ib tug xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lub monochord. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, raws li keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub piano, nws muaj peev xwm raug ntaus nqi mus rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm stringed instruments.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub piano

Lub mechanism ntawm lub piano yog tib yam li lub dulcimer

Lub piano tuaj yeem raug cais raws li cov cuab yeej siv hlua, raws li qhov tseeb tias lub suab los ntawm kev vibration ntawm cov hlua. Tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov twj paj nruag percussion, vim hais tias lub suab tshwm vim yog lub tshuab ntawm cov hammers ntawm cov hlua. Qhov no ua rau lub piano cuam tshuam nrog lub dulcimer.

Dulcimer tau tshwm sim hauv Middle East thiab tau nthuav dav hauv Tebchaws Europe hauv xyoo pua 11th. Nws yog ib lub cev nrog cov hlua stretched los saum toj no. Raws li nyob rau hauv lub piano, ib tug me me rauj ntaus cov hlua. Qhov no yog vim li cas lub dulcimer yog suav hais tias yog tus thawj coj ntawm piano.

Clavichord - ib kauj ruam loj rau lub piano

Lub piano kuj yog tsev neeg ntawm cov twj paj nruag keyboard. Cov twj paj nruag keyboard tau muaj txij li thaum Nrab Hnub nyoog. Lawv los ntawm ib qho khoom nruab nrog uas huab cua xa los ntawm qee cov raj los tsim suab. Cov tswv tau txhim kho lub cev thiab tsim ib qho cuab yeej uas dhau los ua ib kauj ruam ze rau lub piano - clavichord.

Lub clavichord thawj zaug tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 14th thiab tau txais koob meej thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance. Thaum tus yuam sij raug nias, tus pin hlau nrog lub taub hau tiaj tus - tangent - ntaus txoj hlua, ua rau kev co. Yog li, nws muaj peev xwm rho tawm suab hauv thaj tsam ntawm plaub mus rau tsib octaves.

Zoo sib xws ntawm piano thiab harpsichord

Lub harpsichord tau tsim nyob rau hauv Ltalis nyob ib ncig ntawm 1500 thiab tom qab ntawd kis mus rau Fabkis, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Flanders thiab Great Britain. Thaum tus yuam sij raug nias, tus pas nrig tshwj xeeb (spiller) tau sawv mus rau txoj hlua, thawb lub pllectrum, uas teeb tsa cov hlua hauv kev txav.

Lub kaw lus ntawm cov hlua thiab soundboard, nrog rau cov qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej no, zoo li cov qauv ntawm lub piano niaj hnub.

Cristofori, tus tsim thawj piano

Lub piano tau tsim los ntawm Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655-1731) hauv Ltalis.

Nyob rau hauv lub harpsichord, Cristofori tsis nyiam qhov tseeb hais tias cov suab paj nruag muaj me ntsis cuam tshuam rau lub ntim ntawm lub suab. Nyob rau hauv 1709, nws hloov lub plucked mechanism nrog rauj nkaus thiab tsim lub piano niaj hnub.

Cov twj paj nruag thawj zaug hu ua "clavicembalo col piano e forte" (harpsichord with soft and loud sound). Tom qab ntawd, lub npe no nyob rau hauv cov lus European tau luv luv mus rau niaj hnub no tau txais "piano". Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, lub npe ze rau tus thawj tau khaws cia - lub pianoforte.

Cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov cuab yeej niaj hnub

Cov neeg sawv cev qub tshaj plaws ntawm chav kawm no yog clavichord thiab harpsichord. Leej twg thiab nyob rau xyoo twg invented los yog invented cov keyboard-plucked instruments ua ntej lub piano tsis paub. Keeb kwm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th, lawv tau nthuav dav hauv Tebchaws Europe hauv 16th-18th centuries.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub harpsichord yog ib lub suab qhia. Nws yog tau ua tsaug rau ib tug pas nrig nrog ib tug feather txuas mus rau qhov kawg ntawm tus yuam sij. Cov cuab yeej no rub cov hlua, ua rau lub suab. Lub peculiarity yog tsawg melodiousness, uas tsis tso cai rau tsim dynamic ntau yam, yuav tsum tau lub ntaus ntawv ntawm ob keyboards, nrov thiab nyob ntsiag to. Nta ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv ntawm harpsichord: elegance thiab thawj xim ntawm cov yawm sij. Cov keyboard sab saum toj yog dawb, hauv qab yog dub.

Lwm tus forerunner ntawm lub piano yog clavichord. Hais txog chamber-type instruments. Cov reeds yog hloov los ntawm hlau daim hlau uas tsis rub, tab sis kov cov hlua. Qhov no txiav txim siab lub suab melodious, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau ib tug dynamically nplua nuj ua hauj lwm.

Lub zog thiab ci ntsa iab ntawm lub suab qis dua, yog li cov cuab yeej tau siv los ua suab paj nruag hauv tsev, thiab tsis nyob hauv concerts.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm ib tug tshiab ntsuas thiab nws evolution

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev kos duab ntawm cov suab paj nruag tau dhau los ua qhov xav tau ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov dynamics. Cov cuab yeej keyboard qub tau maj mam hloov kho tshiab. Qhov no yog li cas tus piano tau yug los. Nws inventor yog Florentine Bartalameo Cristofori. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1709, Italian tus tsim piano tso rau hauv cov hlua. Qhov kev tsim no hu ua gravicembalo col piano e forte. Nyob rau hauv Fabkis, ib tug zoo xws li innovation yog tsim los ntawm J. Marius nyob rau hauv 1716, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees los ntawm KG Schroeter nyob rau hauv 1717. Ua tsaug rau Erar lub invention ntawm ob rehearsal, nws muaj peev xwm sai re-stripe cov yawm sij, evoking ib tug ntau refined thiab haib suab. . Los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, nws ntseeg siab hloov cov harpsichords thiab clavichords uas tau tshwm sim ua ntej. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, peculiar hybrids sawv, combining organ, harpsichord thiab piano furs.nisms.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas tshiab yog qhov muaj cov hlau phaj es tsis txhob reeds. Qhov no cuam tshuam lub suab, tso cai rau koj hloov lub ntim. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm nrov (forte) thiab ntsiag to (piano) suab ntawm tib lub keyboard muab lub ntsuas nws lub npe. Piano factories maj mam nce. Cov lag luam nrov tshaj plaws yog Streicher thiab Stein.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, Tischner thiab Wirta tau koom nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv 1818-1820s.

Ua tsaug rau kev tsim tshwj xeeb, kev txhim kho ntawm cov cuab yeej tau pib, uas tau coj nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua puv XNUMX. Nws tsim tau hloov ntau zaus. Thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua, Italian, German, Askiv craftsmen tau txhim kho cov cuab yeej. Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Silbermann, Zumpe, Schroeter thiab Stein. Tam sim no, cais kab lig kev cai ntawm kev tsim piano tau tsim, sib txawv hauv cov tshuab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub classical instrument, tshiab sawv daws yuav: synthesizers, hluav taws xob pianos.

Kev tso tawm cov twj paj nruag hauv USSR, txawm tias muaj coob leej ntau tus, tsis yog qhov zoo. Factories "Liab Lub Kaum Hli", "Zarya", "Accord", "Lira", "Kama", "Rostov-Don", "Nocturne", "Nqaij" tau tsim cov khoom pheej yig zoo los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim, qis dua rau European counterparts. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Union, zus tau tej cov pianoforte nyob rau hauv Russia xyaum ploj mus.

Cov cuab yeej muaj txiaj ntsig hauv keeb kwm

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub piano yog qhov hloov pauv hauv keeb kwm suab paj nruag. Ua tsaug rau nws cov tsos, concerts nyob rau hauv uas nws coj ib tug thawj coj tau hloov. Qhov no tau txiav txim siab qhov kev loj hlob sai hauv kev muaj koob meej thaum lub sijhawm classicism thiab romanticism. Ib lub galaxy ntawm composers tau tshwm sim uas mob siab rau lawv txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau qhov ntsuas no. Ib tug thawj coj nws yog WA Mozart, J. Haydn, L. Beethoven, R. Schumann, C. Gounod. Ntau tus masterpieces ntawm piano suab paj nruag yog paub. Txawm tias daim ntawv tsis npaj rau lub piano suab ntau nthuav rau nws dua li lwm yam twj paj nruag.

Piano History hauv Video

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Cov tsos ntawm lub piano yog ib hom kev teb rau qhov kev xav tau ceev hauv suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai rau cov twj paj nruag tshiab nrog lub suab muaj zog thiab ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo. Ua kom haum rau kev ua si zoo tshaj plaws thiab nyuaj suab paj nruag, nws tau dhau los ua tus cwj pwm tsis sib xws ntawm cov vaj tse thiab cov tsev ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse niaj hnub no. Thiab keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm lub piano yog ib tug triumphal procession ntawm ib tug zoo tagnrho ntsuas.