Osip Antonovich Kozlovsky |

Osip Kozlovsky

Lub Plaub Hlis 28, 1791, ntau tshaj peb txhiab tus qhua tuaj rau qhov zoo kawg nkaus Tauride Palace ntawm Prince Potemkin hauv St. Cov pej xeem hauv nroog loj, coj los ntawm Empress Catherine II nws tus kheej, tau sib sau ua ke ntawm no nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev yeej ntawm tus thawj coj loj A. Suvorov hauv kev ua tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish - kev ntes ntawm Izmail fortress. Architects, kws ua yeeb yam, kws sau paj lug, suab paj nruag raug caw tuaj koom kev ua koob tsheej solemn. Tus naas ej G. Derzhavin sau, commissioned los ntawm G. Potemkin, "poem rau hu nkauj ntawm lub Success." Tus kws tshaj lij hauv tsev hais plaub, tus kws tshaj lij Fab Kis Fab Kis Le Pic, ua las voos. Cov suab paj nruag muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm pawg hu nkauj thiab orchestra tau tso siab rau ib tug neeg tsis paub suab paj nruag O. Kozlovsky, ib tug koom nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab-Turkish tsov rog. "Thaum cov neeg tuaj saib siab tshaj plaws tau txiav txim siab zaum ntawm cov rooj zaum npaj rau lawv, ces tam sim ntawd lub suab thiab suab paj nruag thundered, muaj peb puas tus neeg." Ib tug loj hu nkauj thiab orchestra hu nkauj "Thunder ntawm yeej, re suab." Lub Polonaise ua rau muaj kev xav zoo. Kev zoo siab dav dav tsis yog tsuas yog los ntawm Derzhavin cov nqe lus zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev ua siab ntev, ci ntsa iab, tag nrho ntawm cov suab paj nruag jubilation, tus sau uas yog Osip Kozlovsky - tib tug tub ceev xwm, tus ncej los ntawm haiv neeg, uas tuaj txog hauv St. lub retinue ntawm Prince Potemkin nws tus kheej. Txij thaum yav tsaus ntuj, lub npe ntawm Kozlovsky los ua nto moo nyob rau hauv lub capital, thiab nws polonaise "Thunder ntawm yeej, resound" los ua lub Lavxias teb sab anthem rau lub sij hawm ntev. Leej twg yog tus kws sau nkauj txawj ntse uas pom lub tsev thib ob hauv tebchaws Russia, tus sau ntawm polonaises zoo nkauj, nkauj, suab paj nruag theatrical?

Kozlovsky yug los rau hauv ib tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe Polish. Keeb kwm tsis tau khaws cia cov ntaub ntawv hais txog thawj zaug, lub sijhawm Polish ntawm nws lub neej. Tsis paub tias nws niam nws txiv yog leej twg. Cov npe ntawm nws thawj xib fwb, uas muab nws lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo, tsis tau los rau peb. Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Kozlovsky pib hauv Warsaw Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Jan, qhov chaw uas cov tub ntxhais hluas tshuab raj tau ua ib tus kws ua yeeb yam thiab hu nkauj. Nyob rau hauv 1773 nws raug caw mus ua ib tug kws qhia suab paj nruag rau cov me nyuam ntawm Polish diplomat Andrzej Ogiński. (Nws cov tub ntxhais kawm Michal Kleofas Oginsky tom qab ntawd los ua ib tus kws sau ntawv zoo.) Xyoo 1786 Kozlovsky koom nrog cov tub rog Lavxias. Tus tub ceev xwm hluas tau pom los ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Potemkin. Cov tsos ntxim nyiam, txuj ci, lub suab zoo ntawm Kozlovsky nyiam txhua tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, tus paub zoo Italian composer J. Sarti, tus organizer ntawm suab paj nruag kev lom zem hlub los ntawm tus tub huabtais, nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam ntawm Potemkin. Kozlovsky kuj koom nrog lawv, ua nws cov nkauj thiab polonaises. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Potemkin, nws nrhiav tau ib tug tshiab patron nyob rau hauv tus neeg ntawm lub St. Petersburg philanthropist Count L. Naryshkin, ib tug zoo kawg li tus hlub ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Kozlovsky nyob hauv nws lub tsev ntawm Moika tau ntau xyoo. Celebrities los ntawm lub peev tau lossi nyob ntawm no: paj huam G. Derzhavin thiab N. Lvov, musicians I. Prach thiab V. Trutovsky (thawj compilers ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem nkauj), Sarti, violinist I. Khandoshkin thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

Alas! - uas yog lub ntuj raug txim qhov twg architecture, kho kom zoo nkauj saj Enthralled tag nrho cov saib Thiab qhov twg, nyob rau hauv lub qab zib hu nkauj ntawm muses Kozlovsky yog captivated los ntawm lub suab! —

sau, nco txog cov suab paj nruag yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Naryshkin, tus kws sau paj huam Derzhavin. Xyoo 1796, Kozlovsky so haujlwm, thiab txij li lub sijhawm ntawd suab paj nruag tau dhau los ua nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws twb paub thoob plaws hauv St. Nws polonaises xob quaj ntawm lub tsev hais plaub pob; Txhua qhov chaw lawv hu nws "Lavxias teb sab nkauj" (uas yog lub npe ntawm kev sib hlub raws li nqe lus los ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam). Ntau yam ntawm lawv, xws li "Kuv xav ua ib tug noog", "Txoj hmoo phem", "Bee" (Art. Derzhavin), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov. Kozlovsky yog ib tug ntawm cov creators ntawm Lavxias teb sab romance (contemporaries hu nws tus creator ntawm ib tug tshiab hom ntawm Lavxias teb sab nkauj). Paub cov nkauj no thiab M. Glinka. Nyob rau hauv 1823, thaum tuaj txog rau hauv Novospasskoye, nws qhia nws tus muam Lyudmila lub ces-fashionable Kozlovsky zaj nkauj "Golden bee, yog vim li cas koj buzzing". “… Nws zoo siab heev uas kuv hu nws…” - L. Shestakova tom qab ntawd nco qab.

Nyob rau hauv 1798, Kozlovsky tsim ib tug monumental choral ua hauj lwm - Requiem, uas tau ua nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 25 nyob rau hauv lub St.

Nyob rau hauv 1799, Kozlovsky tau txais txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg soj ntsuam, thiab tom qab ntawd, los ntawm 1803, tus thawj coj ntawm lub suab paj nruag rau lub imperial theaters. Kev paub nrog ib puag ncig kev ua yeeb yam, nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias tau ua rau nws tig mus ua suab paj nruag theatrical. Nws tau attracted los ntawm lub sublime style ntawm Lavxias teb sab tragedy uas reigned nyob rau theem thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 8th. Ntawm no nws tuaj yeem qhia nws cov txuj ci ua yeeb yam. Kozlovsky's suab paj nruag, tag nrho ntawm kev ua siab loj pathos, ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntawm tus phab ej tragic. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov xwm txheej tau koom nrog lub suab paj nruag. Purely symphonic tooj (overtures, intermissions), nrog rau cov choirs, tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub suab paj nruag accompaniment. Kozlovsky tsim suab paj nruag rau "heroic-sensitive" xwm txheej ntawm V. Ozerov ("Oedipus nyob rau hauv Athens" thiab "Fingal"), Y. Knyazhnin ("Vladisan"), A. Shakhovsky ("Deborah") thiab A. Gruzintsev (" Oedipus Rex ”), rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm Fab Kis tus kws ua yeeb yam J. Racine (hauv Lavxias txhais lus los ntawm P. Katenin) “Esther”. Kozlovsky txoj hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv hom no yog lub suab paj nruag rau Ozerov qhov xwm txheej "Fingal". Ob tus playwright thiab composer nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev cia siab rau cov hom ntawm yav tom ntej romantic ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv nws. Cov xim hnyav ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog, cov duab ntawm lub sijhawm qub Scottish epic (qhov xwm txheej yog raws li zaj nkauj ntawm cov lus dab neeg ntawm Celtic bard Ossian hais txog tus neeg siab tawv tub rog Fingal) yog vividly embodied los ntawm Kozlovsky nyob rau hauv ntau yam suab paj nruas ntu - overture, intermissions, choirs, ballet scenes, melodrama. Lub premiere ntawm qhov xwm txheej "Fingal" tau tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1805, XNUMX ntawm St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theatre. Qhov kev ua tau ntxim nyiam cov neeg tuaj saib nrog cov khoom kim heev ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, Ozerov cov paj huam zoo heev. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tragic actors ua si nyob rau hauv nws.

Kozlovsky qhov kev pabcuam hauv lub tebchaws ua yeeb yam txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1819, thaum tus kws sau nkauj, raug mob hnyav, raug yuam kom so haujlwm. Rov qab rau xyoo 1815, nrog rau D. Bortnyansky thiab lwm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, Kozlovsky tau los ua ib tus tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Society. Cov ntaub ntawv me me tau khaws cia txog xyoo tas los ntawm lub tshuab raj lub neej. Nws paub tias xyoo 1822-23. nws tau mus xyuas tebchaws Poland nrog nws tus ntxhais, tab sis tsis xav nyob ntawd: Petersburg tau ntev los ua nws lub nroog. "Lub npe ntawm Kozlovsky yog txuam nrog ntau yam nco, qab zib rau Lavxias teb sab lub siab," sau tus sau ntawm obituary nyob rau hauv Sankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti. "Lub suab ntawm cov suab paj nruag tsim los ntawm Kozlovsky ib zaug tau hnov ​​​​hauv cov vaj ntxwv vaj ntxwv, hauv cov chav ntawm cov nom tswv thiab hauv tsev ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Leej twg tsis paub, leej twg tsis tau hnov ​​​​cov yeeb yam polonaise nrog cov hu nkauj: "Thunder ntawm yeej, suab" ... Leej twg tsis nco qab lub polonaise tsim los ntawm Kozlovsky rau lub coronation ntawm Emperor Alexander Pavlovich "Lus xaiv yoov zoo li Lavxias teb sab xub rau. golden tis” … Ib tiam neeg hu nkauj thiab tam sim no hu ntau zaj nkauj Kozlovsky, tsim los ntawm nws rau cov lus ntawm Y. Neledinsky-Meletsky. Tsis muaj kev sib tw. Ntxiv rau suav Oginsky, nyob rau hauv lub compositions ntawm polonaises thiab pej xeem suab paj nruag, Kozlovsky tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm connoisseurs thiab ntau dua compositions. … Osip Antonovich Kozlovsky yog ib tug neeg siab zoo, nyob ntsiag to, tsis tu ncua ntawm kev phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo, thiab tau tso tseg lub cim xeeb zoo. Nws lub npe yuav coj qhov chaw ntawm kev hwm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag. Muaj tsawg heev Lavxias teb sab composers nyob rau hauv dav dav, thiab OA Kozlovsky sawv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kab ntawm lawv.

A. Sokolova