Nkauj koob tsheej |
Lus Askiv thiab Fab Kis Success, los ntawm lat. festivus - zoo siab, festive
Festivities muaj ib lub voj voog ntawm concerts thiab ua yeeb yam, koom ua ke los ntawm ib lub npe, ib qho kev pab cuam thiab tuav hauv kev ua koob tsheej tshwj xeeb. ib puag ncig. Muses. F. muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm (los ntawm ob peb hnub mus rau rau lub hlis) thiab cov ntsiab lus. Muaj cov monographic (mob siab rau lub suab paj nruag ntawm ib tus kws sau nkauj), thematic (raug muab rau ib hom ntawv tshwj xeeb, lub sijhawm, lossis kev coj ua stylistic), thiab ua yeeb yam. kev foob, thiab lwm yam F. yog lub xeev. thiab cov tub ceev xwm hauv zos, philharmonics thiab muses. txog koj, nyob rau hauv lub capitalist. lub teb chaws - kuj cov tuam txhab thiab cov tib neeg. Lawv tau tuav tsis tu ncua: txhua xyoo, txhua 2 xyoos (biennale) lossis txhua 3-4 xyoos, nrog rau kev ua koob tsheej tshwj xeeb. xwm txheej. Lawv feem ntau yog teem rau hauv nroog nto moo rau lawv cov suab paj nruag. kab lig kev cai lossis cuam tshuam nrog lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj loj (qee qhov F., piv txwv li, International Society for Contemporary Music, tau teeb tsa hauv nroog hauv ntau lub tebchaws).
Muses. F. originated nyob rau hauv Great Britain (London, 1709) thiab yog Ameslikas koom nrog pawg ntseeg. suab paj nruag. Los ntawm 2nd pem teb. Xyoo pua 18th tau ua tiav hauv ntau lub tebchaws Center. Tebchaws Europe, suav nrog hauv Austria (Vienna, 1772), txij thaum pib. 19th caug xyoo - nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees (Frankenhausen, Thuringia, 1810); Tebchaws Asmeskas thawj lub suab paj nruag F. tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1869 (Worcester). Distribution tau txais thoob ntiaj teb. suab paj nruag F. nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm nruab nrab. 40s Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv nyob ib qho chaw tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv niaj hnub. music lub neej diff. lub teb chaws, pab txhawb rau cov suab paj nruag. art-va, kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg. Qhov loj tshaj soloists, qhov zoo tshaj plaws opera, symphonic artists koom nrog lawv. thiab hu nkauj. pawg, chamber ensembles los ntawm dec. lub teb chaws. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm F., cov txheej xwm thoob ntiaj teb tau tuav. kev sib tw suab paj nruag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee qhov F. hauv bourgeois. lub teb chaws tseem nyob tsis tau rau cov pej xeem sawv daws vim muaj daim pib nqi siab thiab yog ib tug elitist xwm, lwm F. yog tuav los ntawm Ch. arr. rau advertising lub hom phiaj (kom nyiam cov neeg ncig teb chaw).
Feem ntau txhais tau tias. intl. music F .: Austria – Salzburg (1920), “Vienna Festival Weeks” (1951); Great Britain - Glyndebourne (1934) thiab Edinburgh (theatrical thiab suab paj nruag, 1947); Hungary - "Budapest Muses. lub lim tiam” (1956); GDR – Handel F. in Halle (1952), “Berlin Muses. hnub” (1957); Denmark – Hnub tim. huab tais. F. opera thiab ballet (1949); Ltalis - "Florentine Muses. Tsib Hlis (1933), Venice Biennale (niaj hnub suab paj nruag, 1930), Festival of Ob Worlds (Spoleto, 1958); Netherlands - Dutch F. hauv Amsterdam (1948); Poland - "Warsaw Autumn" (niaj hnub suab paj nruag, 1954), "Poznan Music. caij nplooj ntoos hlav” (1960); Romania – F. im. J. Enescu hauv Bucharest (1958); USA – F. in Berkshire (chamber music, 1918), Rochester (Amer. music, 1931), Tanglewood (organized by SA Koussevitsky, 1935); FRG – F. hauv Bayreuth (1882), Donaueschingen (niaj hnub music, 1946); Finland - "Lub Limtiam Sibelius" hauv Helsinki (1951); Fabkis – Besancon F. (1947), im. Casals hauv Prada (1950), Theatre of Nations hauv Paris (1957); Czechoslovakia - "Prague Spring" (1946); Switzerland - International. lub lim tiam ua koob tsheej" hauv Lucerne (1939); Yugoslavia - Dubrovnik Summer Games (ua yeeb yam thiab suab paj nruag, 1950), Ohrid Summer (1961), Zagreb Music. Biennale (1961); Nyiv - Suab paj nruag. F. hauv Osaka (1957). Los ntawm 60s. nrov F. estr. kos duab thiab nkauj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv Europe.
Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, thawj muses. F. tau teeb tsa hauv 30s. (Leningrad). Distribution tau txais los ntawm con. 50s Xyoo 1957, All-Union Ph. Dram tau teeb tsa. thiab suab paj nruag. t-ditch, F. owls. suab paj nruag ntawm Latvia, Lithuania thiab Estonia, "Transcaucasian Spring". Txij li thaum 1962, All-Union F. niaj hnub. suab paj nruag hauv Gorky, txij li xyoo 1964 - lub suab paj nruag txhua xyoo. F. "Moscow Stars" thiab "Lavxias teb sab caij ntuj no" nyob rau hauv Moscow, "White Nights" nyob rau hauv Leningrad, raws li zoo raws li suab paj nruag. all-union, rov. F. thiab lwm yam. Xyoo 1977, thawj zaug All-Union F. Samoyeda tau tuav. kos duab. creativity ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm, mob siab rau lub 60th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Oct. revolutions ntawm 1917 (saib Amateur kev ua tau zoo).
Ntiaj teb Federation of Democratic Youth thiab International Union ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm txij li xyoo 1947 ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ib ntus. F. kev ywj pheej. Cov Hluas thiab Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm (tom qab World Funds of Youth and Students). Ntawm no F. arts raug teeb tsa. kev sib tw, kev nthuav qhia, kev sib tw kis las, thiab lwm yam.
