Loudspeakers - kev tsim kho thiab cov kev txwv

Lub suab yooj yim tshaj plaws muaj ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, lub suab nrov thiab lub suab nrov. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm saum toj no, koj yuav kawm me ntsis ntxiv txog tus qub thiab qhov koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum yuav peb lub suab tshiab.

tsev

Txhua lub suab nrov muaj lub tsev nyob, hais lus thiab crossover.

Lub vaj tsev, raws li koj paub, feem ntau hu ua lub tsev ntawm cov neeg hais lus. Nws yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau ib qho kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb, yog li yog tias koj puas xav hloov cov neeg hais lus nrog rau lwm yam uas tsis yog cov uas tsim lub vaj tse, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub suab tsis zoo. Lub suab nrov nws tus kheej kuj tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm vim qhov tsis raug vaj tsev tsis raug.

Lub suab nrov crossover kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm crossover yog faib cov teeb liab mus txog lub suab nrov rau hauv ob peb lub voj voos, txhua qhov yog rov tsim dua los ntawm lub suab nrov tsim nyog. Vim hais tias feem ntau cov neeg hais lus tsis tuaj yeem tsim tawm tag nrho cov khoom siv tau zoo, kev siv crossover yog qhov tsim nyog. Qee tus hais lus crossovers kuj muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo siv los tiv thaiv lub tweeter los ntawm kev kub hnyiab.

Hom kab

Feem ntau yog peb hom kab:

• Lub suab nrov puv nkaus

• satellites

• Cov suab bass thaj tsam.

Hom suab nrov peb xav tau yog nyob ntawm seb peb yuav siv peb lub suab rau dab tsi.

Cov kab bass thaj tsam, raws li lub npe hais, yog siv los tsim cov zaus qis tshaj plaws, thaum lub satellite yog siv los tsim cov khoom seem. Vim li cas thiaj muaj kev faib li no? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, thiaj li tsis mus "roj" cov satellites nrog ib tug tshaj ntawm qhov qis tshaj frequencies. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug active crossover yog siv los faib cov teeb liab.

Lub suab nrov tag nrho, raws li lub npe qhia, rov tsim dua tag nrho ntawm cov bandwidth. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no feem ntau ua tau zoo ntawm cov xwm txheej me me, qhov uas peb tsis xav tau cov ntim siab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov zaus qis tshaj plaws. Xws li ib sab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li satellite. Feem ntau raws li tweeter, nruab nrab thiab woofer (feem ntau yog 15 "), piv txwv li peb txoj kev tsim.

Kuj tseem muaj ob txoj kev tsim kho, tab sis lawv feem ntau kim dua (tab sis tsis tas li), vim tias tsis yog tus tsav tsheb tweeter thiab nruab nrab, peb muaj tus tsav tsheb theem.

Yog li dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm tus tsav tsheb thiab tus tweeter? Nws tuaj yeem ua si hauv ntau qhov ntau zaus.

Cov tweeters nrov tshaj plaws nrog kev xaiv kom raug crossover tuaj yeem ua tau zoo los ntawm qhov zaus ntawm 4000 Hz, thaum tus tsav tsheb tuaj yeem ua si los ntawm qhov qis dua, txawm tias 1000 Hz hauv cov neeg tsav tsheb siab. Yog li peb muaj tsawg dua cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv crossover thiab lub suab zoo dua, tab sis peb tsis tas yuav siv tus tsav tsheb nruab nrab.

Yog tias peb tab tom nrhiav rau txhua kab rau me me, cov xwm txheej sib raug zoo, peb tuaj yeem sim xaiv peb txoj kev tsim kho. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws kuj yog tus nqi qis dua vim tias tag nrho yog siv los ntawm ib lub zog amplifier thiab peb tsis tas yuav muaj crossover los faib cov qhab xws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm satellite thiab woofer, vim hais tias xws li ib tug hais lus feem ntau muaj ib tug zoo tsim. built-in passive crossover.

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb npaj yuav nthuav dav cov cuab yeej hauv theem nrog kev pom los muab lub suab rau cov xwm txheej loj lossis peb tab tom nrhiav rau cov txheej txheem me me, peb yuav tsum nrhiav cov satellites uas peb yuav tsum xaiv woofers ntxiv (bass). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov kev daws teeb meem kim dua, tab sis kuj yog ib feem zoo dua, vim tias tag nrho yog siv los ntawm ob lossis ntau lub hwj chim amplifiers (nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm lub suab) thiab qhov sib faib zaus ntawm satellite thiab bass yog faib los ntawm lub tshuab lim hluav taws xob, lossis crossover.

Yog vim li cas ib tug crossover zoo dua li ib txwm passive crossover? Cov ntxaij lim dej hauv hluav taws xob tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kab nqes ntawm qib 24 dB / oct thiab ntau dua, thaum nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm passive crossovers, peb feem ntau tau txais 6, 12, 18 dB / oct. Qhov no txhais li cas hauv kev xyaum? Koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov ntxaij lim dej tsis yog "ax" thiab tsis zoo kawg nkaus txiav qhov crossover zaus hauv crossover. Qhov ntau dua qhov kev nqes hav, qhov zoo dua cov zaus no yog "txiav", uas ua rau peb lub suab zoo dua thiab tso cai rau kev kho me me tib lub sijhawm los txhim kho qhov linearity ntawm qhov ntau zaus emitted.

Ib qho kev sib tw dhau los ua rau muaj ntau yam tshwm sim tsis zoo thiab nce tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho kab ke (khoom kim heev thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob), thiab nws kuj yog qhov nyuaj rau kev ua tiav los ntawm kev pom.

Kem parameters

Cov txheej txheem parameter piav qhia cov khoom ntawm kab. Peb yuav tsum xub ua tib zoo saib xyuas lawv thaum yuav khoom. Needless hais, lub hwj chim tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws parameter. Cov khoom lag luam zoo yuav tsum tau piav qhia meej txog cov kev ntsuas ua ke nrog cov qauv ntsuas meej.

Hauv qab no yog ib txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug uas yuav tsum tau pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom piav qhia:

• Libra

• Sinusoidal / Nominal / RMS / AES (AES = RMS) lub zog qhia hauv Watts [W]

• Efficiency, lossis Efficiency, SPL (muab nrog cov qauv ntsuas tsim nyog, xws li 1W / 1M) qhia hauv decibels [dB]

• Cov lus teb zaus, qhia nyob rau hauv hertz [Hz], muab rau cov zaus ib txwm poob (xws li -3 dB, -10dB).

Peb mam li so me ntsis ntawm no. Feem ntau, hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov neeg hais lus tsis zoo, cov chaw tsim khoom muab cov lus teb zaus ntawm 20-20000 Hz. Sib nrug los ntawm qhov ntau zaus uas tib neeg lub pob ntseg teb, tau kawg, 20 Hz yog qhov zaus tsawg heev. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tau nyob rau hauv cov khoom theem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog semi-professional. Qhov nruab nrab tus neeg hais lus bass thaj tsam ua si ntawm 40 Hz nrog qhov txo qis ntawm -3db. Qhov siab dua cov chav kawm ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov zaus ntawm tus neeg hais lus yuav qis dua.

• Impedance, qhia hauv ohms (feem ntau 4 lossis 8 ohms)

• Siv cov neeg hais lus (piv txwv li cov neeg hais lus dab tsi tau siv hauv kab)

• Daim ntawv thov, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov cuab yeej siv

Summation

Qhov kev xaiv ntawm lub suab tsis yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab nws yooj yim los ua yuam kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev yuav cov khoom nrov nrov yog ua rau nyuaj los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo uas muaj ntau ntawm cov khw muag khoom.

Hauv peb lub khw muag khoom koj yuav pom ntau cov lus pom zoo. Hauv qab no yog cov npe ntawm cov npe nyiam uas tsim nyog them rau. Tsis tas li ntawd, xyuam xim rau cov khoom siv ntawm Polish ntau lawm, uas tsuas yog nyob rau hauv dav dav kev xav yog phem, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev sib piv ncaj qha nws yog zoo li feem ntau txawv teb chaws designs.

• JBL

• Electro Voice

• FBT

• LD Systems

• Mackie

• LLC

• RCF

• TW Audio

Hauv qab no yog cov npe ntawm cov tswv yim tswv yim, uas tseem tsim nyog them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm kev yuav lub suab tsis zoo:

• Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg hais lus nrov nyob hauv kab - cov kev tsim kho tsis zoo feem ntau muaj ntau lub tweeters - piezoelectric, qee zaum kuj txawv. Lub suab nrov uas tsim tau zoo yuav tsum muaj ib qho tweeter / tsav tsheb

• Ntau lub zog (nws tuaj yeem hais tau qhov tseeb tias lub suab nrov me me, hais 8 ", tsis tuaj yeem siv lub zog siab heev ntawm 1000W.

• Lub suab nrov 15 ″ yog tsim rau kev tsim peb-txoj kev, lossis rau kev tsim ob txoj hauv kev ua ke nrog cov neeg tsav tsheb muaj zog (ua tib zoo mloog cov ntaub ntawv tsav tsheb). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug ob-txoj kev tsim, koj xav tau ib tug haib tsav tsheb, tsawg kawg yog 2 "qhov hluav taws xob. Tus nqi ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb zoo li no yog qhov siab, yog li tus nqi ntawm tus neeg hais lus kuj yuav tsum siab. Cov pob khoom zoo li no yog lub suab contoured, tsa treble thiab qis qis, tshem tawm nruab nrab.

• Ntau dhau los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom - cov khoom lag luam zoo tiv thaiv nws tus kheej, nws tseem tsim nyog nrhiav kev xav ntxiv hauv Is Taws Nem.

• Cov tsos mob tsis zoo (xim ci, teeb pom kev zoo ntxiv thiab ntau yam khoom siv). Cov cuab yeej siv yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb, tsis meej. Peb txaus siab rau lub suab thiab kev ntseeg siab, tsis yog kev pom thiab teeb pom kev zoo. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg, txawm li cas los xij, tias pob khoom siv rau pej xeem yuav tsum saib zoo nkauj heev.

• Tsis muaj cov grilles lossis lwm yam kev tiv thaiv rau cov neeg hais lus. Cov khoom siv yuav hnav, yog li cov neeg hais lus nrov yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo.

• Cov roj hmab muag muag hauv lub suab nrov = kev ua haujlwm qis. Mos suspension speaker yog npaj rau lub tsev lossis lub tsheb suab. Tsuas yog cov neeg hais lus nyuaj uas raug tshem tawm yog siv hauv cov khoom siv theem.

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