Kurt Weill |

Kurt Weill

Yug Lub Peb Hlis 2, 1900 hauv Dessau (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees). Nws kawm hauv Berlin Higher School of Music nrog Humperdinck, thiab hauv 1921-1924. yog ib tug tub kawm ntawm Ferruccio Busoni. Weill tau sau nws cov ntawv sau thaum ntxov hauv cov qauv neoclassical. Cov no yog cov nkauj orchestral ("Kvodlibet", concerto rau violin thiab cua tshuab). Qhov pib ntawm kev koom tes nrog "sab laug" German playwrights (H. Kaiser, B. Brecht) tau txiav txim siab rau Weill: nws tau los ua tus kws sau nkauj tshwj xeeb. Xyoo 1926, Weill's opera raws li G. Kaiser qhov ua yeeb yam "Tus Protagonist" tau tshwm sim hauv Dresden. Nyob rau hauv 1927, nyob rau hauv lub Success ntawm tshiab chamber suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv Baden-Baden, lub sensational premiere ntawm lub suab paj nruag sketch "Mahogany" rau Brecht cov ntawv tau tshwm sim, xyoo tom qab lub satirical ib tug ua yeeb yam "Lub Tsar yog yees duab" (H. Kaiser ) tau tshwm sim hauv Leipzig thiab tib lub sijhawm thundered thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe nto moo "Threepenny Opera" hauv Berlin theatre "Na Schifbauerdam", uas tau ua sai sai ("Threepenny Film"). Ua ntej nws raug yuam tawm ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees xyoo 1933, Weill tau tswj hwm los sau thiab ua yeeb yaj kiab The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (ib qho txuas ntxiv ntawm daim duab kos), The Guarantee (ntawv nyeem los ntawm Caspar Neuer) thiab Silver Lake (H. Kaiser. ).

Nyob rau hauv Paris, Weill tsim rau lub tuam txhab ntawm George Balanchine ib tug ballet nrog hu nkauj ntawm "Seven Deadly Sins" raws li Brecht tsab ntawv. Txij xyoo 1935, Weill nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab ua haujlwm rau Broadway theatre hauv New York hauv hom suab paj nruag Asmeskas nyiam. Cov xwm txheej hloov pauv tau yuam Weill maj mam maj mam ua rau lub suab nrov nrov ntawm nws cov haujlwm. Nws cov khoom tau dhau los ua qhov pom tseeb ntawm sab nrauv kho kom zoo nkauj, tab sis tsawg poignant hauv cov ntsiab lus. Lub caij no, hauv New York theatre, ib sab ntawm Weill qhov kev ua yeeb yam tshiab, Lub Threepenny Opera tau ua tiav ntau pua zaus nrog kev ua tiav.

Ib qho kev ua yeeb yam nrov tshaj plaws hauv Asmeskas los ntawm Weill yog "A Street Incident" - "kev ua yeeb yam pej xeem" raws li kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm E. Rice los ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg pluag hauv New York; Lub Threepenny Opera, uas ua rau German suab paj nruas ua yeeb yam ntawm lub 20s tribune ntawm kev nom kev tswv kev tawm tsam, ua tiav ib tug synthesis ntawm lub plebeian "txoj kev" suab paj nruas keeb nrog cov sophisticated technical txhais tau tias ntawm niaj hnub suab paj nruas kos duab. Qhov kev ua si tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm "neeg thov khawv lub opera", ib tug qub lus Askiv pej xeem ua yeeb yam parody ntawm ib tug aristocratic baroque opera. Weill tau siv "neeg thov khawv lub opera" rau lub hom phiaj ntawm parodic stylization (nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm no parody, nws tsis yog li ntawd Handel uas "sub" raws li platitudes, "qhov chaw" romantic opera ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX). Suab paj nruag yog tam sim no nyob rau ntawm no raws li ntxig cov lej - zongs, uas muaj qhov yooj yim, sib kis thiab tseem ceeb ntawm pop hits. Raws li Brecht, nws lub hwj chim ntawm Weill nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawd tsis muaj kev sib cais, thiaj li yuav tsim ib qho tshiab, niaj hnub suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam, tus neeg sau ntawv yuav tsum tso tseg txhua qhov kev xav ntawm lub tsev opera. Brecht consciously nyiam "lub teeb" suab paj nruag pop; Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau npaj los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov lus thiab suab paj nruag hauv opera, thaum kawg cais lawv ntawm ib leeg. Tsis muaj los ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm kev xav suab paj nruag hauv Weill-Brecht ua si. Cov ntawv yog luv luv thiab luv luv. Cov qauv ntawm tag nrho tso cai rau ntxig instrumental thiab vocal tooj, ballet, choral scenes.

Lub Nceeg Vaj thiab Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Zeeg ntawm Lub Nroog Mahagonny, tsis zoo li Lub Threepenny Opera, zoo li lub opera tiag tiag. Ntawm no suab paj nruag plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb dua.