Ntsiab. Cov suab nrov.

Dab tsi yuav pab yog tias koj xav ua suab paj nruag saum toj lossis hauv qab tus thawj?

Hauv tshooj dhau los, peb tau kawm txog qhov loj. Hauv cov piv txwv ntawm tsab xov xwm dhau los, daim ntawv qis tshaj yog C. Nws yog lub tonic, los ntawm tag nrho lwm cov ntawv ntawm cov nplai loj tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, rau ib tug loj scale, nws tsis muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov uas koj yuav tsum tau ua raws li lub hauv paus (uas daim ntawv yuav ua lub tonic). Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua kom muaj qhov raug ncua ntawm cov kauj ruam (lawv kuj tau piav qhia hauv tshooj dhau los). Ua piv txwv, cia peb tsim cov nplai loj los ntawm daim ntawv "sol".

Daim duab 1. Loj loj ntawm daim ntawv "sol"

Thov nco ntsoov tias txhawm rau txhawm rau tswj lub sijhawm kom raug ntawm kev sau ntawv, peb raug yuam kom siv daim ntawv F-ntse (kawg hauv daim duab), vim tias muaj qhov loj thib ob (tag nrho cov suab) lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm qib VI thiab VII.

Ntsiab

Hauv peb qhov piv txwv, peb tau sau ntawv "ntsev" ua lub hauv paus (tonic). Peb tuaj yeem hais tias peb hom yog nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm daim ntawv "ntsev". Nws yog qhov siab ntawm kev ntxhov siab uas hu ua lo lus " suab ". Lub npe ntawm tus yuam sij muaj ob lo lus: tonic + fret. Peb tonic yog daim ntawv "sol", thiab hom yog loj. Yog li, peb tonality hu ua "G Major". Hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los, peb tau tsim qhov loj me los ntawm daim ntawv "rau", uas txhais tau tias peb siv tus yuam sij "C loj".

Txhawm rau xaiv lub tonic nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm tonality, ib tsab ntawv xaiv yog siv. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lo lus "loj", lo lus "dur" lossis lo lus "maj" yog siv, lossis kev xaiv ntawm qhov loj feem ntau raug tshem tawm. Cov. C loj tuaj yeem txhais tau raws li hauv qab no: "C-dur", "C-maj" lossis tsuas yog "C" (yog tias peb sau ib tsab ntawv xwb, ces yuav tsum muaj ib tsab ntawv loj xwb). G loj tuaj yeem txhais tau zoo ib yam: "G-dur", "G-maj", lossis tsuas yog "G". Nco qab tias tsab ntawv teev npe ntawm daim ntawv "ua" yog "C", thiab daim ntawv "sol" yog "G" (qhov no yog cov khoom siv ntawm ntu "Notation of Music").

Vim li cas thiaj muaj lub suab sib txawv? Txhua yam yog yooj yim heev thiab, tseem ceeb tshaj, yooj yim. Cia peb ua ib qho piv txwv. Nco ntsoov tias tonality yog lub suab ntawm qhov ntsuas. Tam sim no cia hais tias koj xav ua ib zaj nkauj. Tab sis koj "tsis xis nyob" ua nws, vim. Koj tsis ncav cuag qee cov ntawv nrog koj lub suab - lawv siab dhau. Tsis muaj teeb meem. Ua si zaj nkauj hauv tus yuam sij qis - tag nrho cov ntawv sau ntawm zaj nkauj yuav ua kom qis dua. Cia peb ua tib lub suab sib txawv hauv cov yuam sij sib txawv ua piv txwv. Thawj zaug hauv C loj, zaum thib ob hauv G loj:

Ib feem ntawm "Suab Nkauj ntawm Cov Phooj Ywg" los ntawm cov tas luav "Lub Bremen Town Musicians", C loj:

Daim duab 2. “Zaj Nkauj Ntawm Cov Phooj Ywg” nyob rau hauv tus yuam sij C loj

Tam sim no tib qhov tawg, tab sis hauv G loj:

Daim duab 3. “Zaj Nkauj Ntawm Cov Phooj Ywg” nyob rau hauv tus yuam sij ntawm G loj

Koj pom, hauv G loj lub suab paj nruag siab dua hauv C loj, txawm hais tias qhov kev xav tseem zoo li qub.

Cov yuam sij loj

Dab tsi yog "tonality", peb twb xam pom lawm. Cia peb hu tus yuam sij tseem ceeb uas hom, nruab nrab ntawm cov kauj ruam uas lub caij nyoog ntawm hom loj tau pom.

Peb nyuam qhuav saib cov yuam sij C-dur thiab G-dur. Peb tsim cov yuam sij no los ntawm kev sau ntawv "ua" thiab "ntsev". Lawv yog cov tonics. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias txhua daim ntawv tuaj yeem ua lub tonic ntawm lub ntsiab tseem ceeb: ob qho tib si lub ntsiab thiab cov khoom siv. Cov. peb tuaj yeem tsim hom loj, piv txwv li, los ntawm "D-sharp" kauj ruam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, peb tonality yuav hu ua "D-sharp loj", los yog raws li tsab ntawv system "D#-dur".

Hom ntawm cov yuam sij loj

Tau kawg, koj pom tias hauv tus yuam sij ntawm G-maj, peb siv daim ntawv "F-sharp" es tsis txhob sau ntawv "fa". Cov. tus yuam sij no siv cov qib siab. Nyob ntawm cov tonic xaiv, cov yuam sij loj tuaj yeem siv ntau tus lej sib txawv - ob qho tib si tsa (peb rooj plaub nrog G-maj) thiab qis dua (sim ua kom muaj qhov loj ntawm daim ntawv "fa" koj tus kheej). Nyob ntawm qhov siv tsis raug, cov yuam sij tseem ceeb tau muab faib ua  Ntse thiab  tiaj . Qhov tseem ceeb C-dur nkaus xwb tsis siv kev sib tsoo, yog li nws tsis yog ntse los yog tiaj tus.

Ntawm cov yuam sij loj, muaj 7 tus yuam sij ntse (G, D, A, E, B, F#, C#) thiab 7 tus yuam sij tiaj tus (F, Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb). Cov cim ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov yuam sij yog sau rau ntawm tus yuam sij (tam sim ntawd tom qab tus yuam sij). Peb nco ntsoov tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov tsis sib haum xeeb sau nrog tus yuam sij siv rau tag nrho kev ua haujlwm (tshwj tsis yog, qhov tseeb, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis hloov pauv - peb yuav kawm qhov no ntxiv), yog li tsis tas yuav tsum tau sau lub ntse lossis tiaj tus. kos npe txhua lub sijhawm. Qhov no ua kom yooj yim rau ob qho tib si kaw suab thiab nyeem ntawv.

Cov yuam sij cuam tshuam

Cov yuam sij uas sib txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv ib lub cim tseem ceeb yog hu ua txheeb ze . Hauv peb cov piv txwv hauv kab lus no, peb siv cov yuam sij cuam tshuam: C-dur thiab G-dur.

tau

Peb tau nrog cov yuam sij loj. Qhov no yog ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab yooj yim txaus to taub. Peb vam tias koj nkag siab.