Nkauj me nyuam |
Me nyuam suab paj nruag yog suab paj nruag los mloog los yog ua los ntawm cov me nyuam. Nws cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua kom pom tseeb, muaj zog poetic. cov ntsiab lus, imagery, simplicity thiab clarity ntawm daim ntawv. Instrumental D.m. yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm programming, cov ntsiab lus ntawm figurativeness, onomatopoeia, seev cev, marching, thiab simplicity ntawm suab paj nruag. textures, cia siab rau cov lus dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm music prod. rau cov me nyuam muaj feem ntau nar. fairy tales, duab ntawm xwm, dluab ntawm cov tsiaj ntiaj teb no. Muaj ntau hom D. m. - nkauj, hu nkauj, instr. lus, orc. production, suab paj nruag theem essays. Kev tsim khoom tsim los rau kev ua tau zoo los ntawm cov menyuam yaus sib haum rau lawv cov peev xwm ua tau zoo. Wok. prod. lub suab ntau, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab tsim thiab diction, chorus raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. npaj, instr. plays – degree ntawm technical. nyuaj. Suab paj nruag lub voj voog. cov khoom siv nkag mus rau kev nkag siab ntawm cov menyuam yaus yog dav dua li thaj tsam ntawm D. m. Hauv cov menyuam yaus cov neeg tuaj saib, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov laus, ntau tus neeg nyiam. prod. MI Glinka, PI Tchaikovsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, WA Mozart, L. Beethoven, F. Chopin thiab lwm yam classics, prod. owls. composers.
Nkauj, tso dag, seev cev, nplaig twisters, dab neeg, thiab lwm yam. feem ntau tau ua lub hauv paus rau prof. D. m. Tseem nyob hauv Dr. Greece twb paub Nar. cov menyuam yaus zaj nkauj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lullabies tau tshwm sim. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm qhia tau hais tias ob peb zaj nkauj me nyuam yaus tau sau ua lus Greek. Singer thiab composer Pindar (522-442 BC). Nyob rau hauv Dr. Sparta, Thebes, Athens, cov menyuam yaus thaum yau raug qhia kom ua si aulos, hu nkauj hu nkauj.
Hnub Wednesday. nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, D. m. tau txuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm shpilmans (wandering pej xeem suab paj nruag). Cov menyuam yaus German cov nkauj qub "Cov noog txhua tus tuaj rau peb", "Koj, hma, rub lub goose", "Ib tug noog ya mus rau hauv", "Parsley yog cov nyom zoo heev" tau khaws cia. European fret puag. cov me nyuam zaj nkauj – loj thiab me, qee zaus – pentatonic scale (German cov me nyuam zaj nkauj "Flashlight, teeb nyem"). Ch. suab paj nruag nta. lus: harmon. qhov xwm ntawm lub suab, quartic overbeats, lub uniformity ntawm daim ntawv (couplet). Gor. txoj kev cov me nyuam zaj nkauj (der Kurrenden) nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Lub teb chaws Yelemees tau nrov los ntawm thawj chants. collectives (tuag Kurrende) - itinerant choirs ntawm cov tub ntxhais hu nkauj uas ua nyob rau hauv txoj kev rau ib tug me me nqi. Rus. cov menyuam yaus cov nkauj qub uas tau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg, luam tawm hauv Sat. nar. nkauj ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th VF Trutovsky, I. Prach. Qee cov nkauj no tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm ("Laj, koj, luav", "Dhia-dhia", "Bunny taug kev hauv lub vaj", thiab lwm yam). Tsim cov ntaub ntawv suab paj nruag pedagogical rau cov menyuam yaus tau mloog mus rau classical composers ntawm 18th - thaum ntxov. 19th centuries: JS Bach, WA Mozart, L. Beethoven. Haydn's "Children's Symphony" (1794) nyob hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Hauv pem teb 1. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, nrog rau kev ntxiv dag zog ntawm kev ntseeg-kev saib xyuas hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus, D. m. tau txais ib qho kev hais lus cult orientation.
Hauv pem teb 2. 19th caug xyoo ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm prof. prod. D. m.: Sat. MA Mamontova "Cov me nyuam zaj nkauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab Me Melodies" (kev npaj cov nkauj rau cov menyuam yaus ua los ntawm PI Tchaikovsky, qhov teeb meem 1, 1872), fp. pieces rau pib pianists. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom no tau nkag mus rau hauv kev xyaum ntawm kev kawm ua si piano, piv txwv li. Tchaikovsky's "Children's Album" (op. 39, 1878) yog ib hom pianoforte. suite, qhov twg nyob rau hauv ntau yam me me daim nar. tus cwj pwm, cov menyuam yaus tau ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntau yam kev kos duab thiab ua yeeb yam. Qhov tsis muaj melodic, harmonic, textural nyuaj ua rau cov khoom no. siv tau rau cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam. Zoo sib xws ntawm cov dej num thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov kev daws teeb meem yog cov sau ntawm fp. ua si rau menyuam yaus los ntawm AS Arensky, SM Maykapar, VI Rebikov.
Hauv con. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th thawj operas rau cov me nyuam tau sau: "Tus miv, tshis thiab yaj" thiab "Cov Suab paj nruag" los ntawm Bryansky (1888, raws li cov ntawv ntawm cov dab neeg ntawm IA Krylov); "Tshis Dereza" (1888), "Pan Kotsky" (1891) thiab "Lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav, los yog Snow Beauty" (1892) Lysenko. Muses. Cov lus ntawm cov operas yog yooj yim, permeated nrog Lavxias teb sab intonations. thiab Ukrainian nkauj. Cov me nyuam nto moo operas los ntawm Ts. A. Cui – Snow Hero (1906), Little Red Riding Hood (1911), Puss in Boots (1912), Ivan the Fool (1913); AT Grechaninova - "Yolochkin Npau suav" (1911), "Teremok" (1921), "Cat, Rooster thiab Fox" (1924); BV Asafiev - "Cinderella" (1906), "Tus Huab tais Daus" (1907, ntsuas hauv 1910); VI Rebikova - "Yolka" (1900), "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Ntxhais fuabtais thiab Qav King" (1908). Lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas tau xav txog hauv cov menyuam yaus cov nkauj ntawm Tchaikovsky ("16 Nkauj rau Cov Me Nyuam" rau nqe lus los ntawm AN Pleshcheev thiab lwm tus kws sau paj huam, op. 54, 1883), Cui ("Thirteen Musical Pictures" rau kev hu nkauj, op. 15 ), Arensky (“Children's Songs”, op. 59), Rebikov (“Children's World”, “School Songs”), Grechaninov (“Ai, Doo-Doo”, op. 31, 1903; “Rabka Hen”, op. 85, 1919), ib.
Ntawm cov khoom Western European D. m.: "Children's Scenes" (1838), "Album for Youth" los ntawm R. Schumann (1848) - lub voj voog ntawm op. thumbnails, qhov chaw raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm yooj yim mus rau complex; "Children's Folk Songs" los ntawm Brahms (1887), J. Wiese's suite "Games for Children" (1871) - 12 daim rau piano. nyob rau hauv 4 txhais tes (tsib daim ntawm lub voj voog no, orchestrated los ntawm tus sau, ua ib tug suite ntawm tib lub npe rau ib tug symphony orchestra). Paub ntau lawm voj voog. rau piano: "Children's Corner" los ntawm Debussy (1906-08), "Niam Goose" los ntawm Ravel (1908) (suite rau piano hauv 4 tes; orchestrated hauv 1912). B. Bartok tau sau ntawv rau cov menyuam yaus (“To the Little Slovak”, 1905, a cycle of 5 melodies for voice and piano; in 1908-09, 4 notebooks of teaching repertoire for piano “For Children”); hauv nws cov yeeb yam, feem ntau yog pej xeem. tus cwj pwm, cov suab nkauj ntawm Slovak thiab Hungarian nkauj yog siv, hais txog cov ntsiab lus no yog hom fp. cov duab uas txuas ntxiv kev lig kev cai ntawm DM Schumann thiab Tchaikovsky. Xyoo 1926-37 Bartók tau sau 153 daim (6 phau ntawv) rau piano. "Microcosm". Cov khoom, txheej txheem nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm gradual teeb meem, qhia tus me pianist rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm kev kawm suab paj nruag. Cov nkauj rau menyuam yaus tau sau los ntawm: X. Eisler (“Six Songs for Children to the words of B. Brecht”, op. 53; “Children's Songs” rau cov lus ntawm Brecht, op. 105), Z. Kodaly (ntau zaj nkauj thiab hu nkauj rau cov menyuam yaus raws li Hungarian pej xeem suab paj nruag). D. m. ua ntau comp. B. Britten. Nws tau tsim ib phau nkauj hu nkauj “Friday Afternoon” (op. 7, 1934). Cov nkauj los ntawm phau ntawv no yog nrov ntawm cov lus Askiv. cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Rau isp. Cov menyuam yaus, nrog rau ib lub suab nrov, tau sau lub voj voog "Ritual Christmas Songs" (op. 28, 1942, raws li cov ntawv sau los ntawm cov paj huam Askiv qub). Cov nkauj zoo tshaj plaws yog "Lub caij ntuj no Frosty", "Huag, kuv tus hlub" (lullaby), canon "Tus Me Nyuam". Britten's Guide to the Orchestra (op. 34, 1946, rau cov hluas) tau nto moo - ib yam haujlwm uas ua rau cov neeg mloog niaj hnub paub. ua symp. suab paj nruag. K. Orff tsim lub voj voog loj ntawm cov khoom. "Suab paj nruag rau menyuam yaus"; xyoo 1950-54 lub voj voog tau ua tiav los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. nrog G. Ketman thiab tau txais lub npe. "Schulwerk" ("Schulwerk. Musik für Kinder") - nkauj, instr. plays thiab suab paj nruag melodic. kev tawm dag zog rau menyuam yaus ml. hnub nyoog. Ntxiv rau "Schulwerk" - sau "Music for Youth" ("Jugendmusik") - cov tswv yim. hauv paus ntawm collective music. upbringing (cov ntawv sau los ntawm FM Böhme “German Children's Song thiab Children's Game” – Fr. M. Böhme, “Deutsches Kinderlied und Kinderspiel”).
Hindemith's Peb Tsim Lub Nroog (1930), ua yeeb yam rau cov menyuam yaus, tau nthuav dav. Nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus lub suab paj nruag Britten cov yeeb yam "The Little Chimney Sweep, lossis Cia Peb Tso rau Opera" (op. 45, 1949) 12 lub luag haujlwm: 6 tus menyuam (cov menyuam hnub nyoog 8 txog 14 xyoos) thiab tib tus lej rau cov neeg laus. Lub tsev yog koom nrog hauv qhov kev nqis tes ua: cov neeg saib me me rov xyaum thiab hu nkauj tshwj xeeb. "Ib zaj nkauj rau pej xeem". Lub ntsiab ntawm lub orchestra - cov hlua. quartet, percussion thiab piano. hauv 4 tes. Kuj tseem nrov yog Britten cov menyuam yaus ua yeeb yam Noah's Ark (op. 59, 1958), raws li kev ua si tsis paub qub. Nyob rau hauv ib tug loj loj me nyuam orchestra (70 ua yeeb yam) rau prof. musicians sau tsuas yog 9 tog. Qee qhov kev ua si yog tsim rau cov menyuam yaus uas nyuam qhuav pib ua si. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam txawv txawv (hauv lub suab paj nruag - lub cev, piano, percussion, hlua, flute, horn thiab tes tswb; nyob rau theem - hais lus hu nkauj, soloists thiab 50 tus menyuam lub suab hu nkauj cais cov lus).
Sov. composer enriched los ntawm D. m., nthuav nws hom muaj peev xwm thiab txhais tau tias kev qhia. Ntxiv rau wok. thiab fp. miniatures, operas, ballets, cantatas, loj symphonies yog tsim rau cov me nyuam. production, concerts. Hom ntawm owls tau dhau los ua dav. cov me nyuam zaj nkauj, uas yog tsim los ntawm composers koom tes nrog cov kws sau paj lug (S. Yog Marshack, S. AT. Mikhalkov A. L. Barto, O. THIAB. Vysotskaya, W. THIAB. Lebedev-Kumach thiab lwm tus). Mn. cov tsiaj. Cov kws sau nkauj tau mob siab rau lawv txoj haujlwm rau D. m. Paub dav, piv txwv li, fp. ua si rau me nyuam M. Maykapara "Spikers" (op. 28, 1926) thiab Sat. “Thawj Kauj Ruam” (op. 29, 1928) rau fp. hauv 4 tes. Cov khoom no txawv los ntawm kev tshav ntuj thiab pob tshab ntawm kev ntxhib los mos, novelty thiab originality ntawm muses. lus, hloov maj mam siv cov txheej txheem polyphony. Nrov arr. Nar melodies G. G. Lobacheva: Sib. Tsib Zaj Nkauj rau Preschoolers (1928), Tsib Zaj Nkauj Rau Me Nyuam (1927); Lawv txawv los ntawm ingenuity ntawm accompaniment, cov ntsiab lus ntawm onomatopoeia, intonation. clarity thiab laconism ntawm melodies. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim ntawm M. THIAB. Krasev. Lawv sau ok. 60 pioneer nkauj, ob peb yam me me ua yeeb yam raws li Nar. fairy tales, dab neeg K. THIAB. Chukovsky, thiab S. Yog Marshak. Lub suab paj nruag ntawm operas yog cov duab, muaj yeeb yuj, nyob ze rau cov pej xeem. splint, muaj rau menyuam yaus kev ua tau zoo. Creativity M. R. Rauchverger feem ntau yog hais rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool. Cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws tus kws sau nkauj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub. intonations, melodic nthuav qhia. kiv puag ncig, sharpness ntawm harmony. Lub voj voog ntawm cov nkauj "Lub Hnub" ntawm nqe ntawm A. L. Barto (1928), cov nkauj "Red Poppies", "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav", "Appassionata", "Peb Zoo Siab Guys", lub suab voj voog "Flowers", thiab lwm yam. Kev pab zoo rau D. m. nkag mus rau hauv lub computer A. N. Aleksandrov, R. G. Boyko, ib. O. Dunaevsky A. Ya Lepin, Z. A. Levin, M. A. Mirzoev, S. Rustamov, M. L. Starokadomsky, A. D. Filippenko. Ntau cov nkauj nrov me nyuam yaus tau tsim los ntawm T. A. Popatenko thiab V. AP Gerchik, E. N. Tilicheeva. Ib qho ntawm cov nyiam nyiam ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov neeg tuaj saib yog zaj nkauj comic ("Hais txog Petya" los ntawm Kabalevsky, "Zoo qhov opposite" los ntawm Filippenko, "Boy thiab Ice" los ntawm Rustamov, "Yuav Hniav", "Lub Nroog Lima" los ntawm Boyko, "Tus kws yees duab ntawm Zoo" los ntawm Zharkovsky, thiab lwm yam). Hauv suab paj nruag D. B. Kabalevsky, hais rau cov menyuam yaus, qhia txog kev paub tob ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev xav, kev xav, lub tswv yim ntawm niaj hnub. tiam hluas. Raws li ib tug me nyuam tus kws sau nkauj, Kabalevsky yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm suab paj nruag. wealth, modernity, lus, art. simplicity, sib thooj rau intonations ntawm niaj hnub. ice folklore (nws thawj cov me nyuam coll. – “Yim zaj nkauj rau menyuam yaus hu nkauj thiab piano”, op. 17, 1935). Kabalevsky yog ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm cov me nyuam lub lyric hom. nkauj ("Suab nkauj ntawm hluav taws", "Peb lub teb chaws", "School xyoo"). Nws sau 3 phau pedagogical. fp. cov khoom npaj kom muaj kev nyuaj zuj zus ntxiv (Peb caug Me Nyuam Kev Ua Si, op. 27, 1937-38). Nws ntau lawm. txawv thematically. kev nplua nuj, sib thooj rau ntau hom suab paj nruag - nkauj, seev cev, marches. Cov txuj ci zoo. muaj qhov zoo. rau cov me nyuam S. C. Prokofiev. Cov txheej txheem classical tau muab tso rau hauv lawv nrog cov tshiab thiab tshiab ntawm muses. lus, tshiab txhais lus ntawm hom. Fp. Prokofiev's plays "Children's Music" (ib nrab orchestrated los ntawm tus sau thiab ua ke rau hauv suite "Summer Day") yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nthuav qhia meej, hais txog. lub simplicity ntawm suab paj nruag. khoom, kev ntxhib los mos transparency. Ib qho zoo tshaj plaws ntau lawm D. m. - symphonic. Prokofiev's fairy taleas "Peter thiab Hma" (1936, ntawm nws tus kheej ntawv), sib txuas suab paj nruag thiab nyeem ntawv. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov txawv ntawm cov duab. heroes (Petya, Duck, Birdie, Yawg, Hma, Hunters), qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas mloog rau orc. timbres. Cov nkauj kos duab "Chatterbox" raws li nqe vaj lug kub ntawm Barto (1939), lub suite "Lub caij ntuj no Bonfire" - rau cov neeg nyeem, cov tub hluas hu nkauj thiab symphonies yog nrov. orchestra (1949). Rau cov tub ntxhais ua yeeb yam sau 2nd fp. concert d. D. Shostakovich, Kabalevsky triad ntawm cov hluas concerts (rau piano, violin, cello thiab orchestra), 3rd piano. concert A. M Balanchivadze, fp. concert los ntawm Y. A. Levitin. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tag nrho cov khoom no. - kev cia siab rau cov ntsiab lus nkauj, kev siv ntawm stylistic hauv suab paj nruag. nta ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas nkauj.
Hauv 50-60s. hom ntawm cov menyuam yaus cantata tau tsim, qhia txog laconic muses. txhais tau hais tias muaj ntau yam kev nyiam, kev xav thiab kev xav ntawm niaj hnub. cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas. Cov no yog: "Song of the Morning, Spring and Peace" (1958), "Nyob Hauv Teb Chaws" (1966) Kabalevsky, "Cov me nyuam nyob ib sab ntawm lawv txiv" (1965), "Red Square" (1967) Chichkov, "Lenin nyob rau hauv peb lub siab" (1957), "Red Pathfinders" (1962) Pakhmutova, "Pioneer, npaj txhij!" Zulfugarov (1961).
Suab paj nruag nyob ib qho chaw loj hauv cov menyuam yaus zaj duab xis: Tsar Durandai (1934) thiab Little Red Riding Hood (1937) los ntawm Alexandrov; Cinderella los ntawm Spadavecchia (1940); "Cov me nyuam ntawm Captain Grant" (1936) thiab "Beethoven Concerto" (1937) los ntawm Dunayevsky; "Red Tie" (1950) thiab "Nyob zoo, Moscow!" (1951) Lepin; "Aibolit-66" los ntawm B. Tchaikovsky (1966). Ntau lub suab paj nruag suab hauv cov menyuam yaus cov duab tas luav. films: "Lub Bremen Town Musicians" comp. GI Gladkova (1968), "Crocodile Gena" comp. MP Ziva (1969). Ntawm cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov menyuam yaus estr. suab paj nruag eccentric. nkauj nrog ib zaj nkauj tsim: "Seven Funny Songs" los ntawm Kabalevsky, "Elephant Taug Kev Los Ntawm Moscow" los ntawm Penkov, "Petya ntshai ntawm Tsaus" los ntawm Sirotkin, thiab lwm yam. Lawv feem ntau ua los ntawm cov neeg laus hu nkauj ua ntej ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov neeg tuaj saib. . Kev sib koom ua ke pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus opera thiab ballet. nyob ntiaj teb no cov me nyuam suab paj nruag. Theatre, loj hauv Moscow hauv 1965 thiab coj los ntawm NI Sats. Cov menyuam yaus ua yeeb yam "Hma thiab Xya Tus Menyuam" los ntawm Koval (1939), "Masha thiab Dais" (1940), "Teremok" (1941), "Toptygin thiab Hmab" (1943), "The Unsmeyana Princess" ( 1947), "Morozko" (1950) Krasev, "Peb Cov Txiv Neej" Rubin (1956), "Tulku thiab Alabash" Mamedov (1959), "Song in the Forest" Boyko (1961), "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" (1963) Kolmanovsky, "Boy Giant" Khrennikov (1968); Ballets rau cov menyuam yaus Lub Peb Cov Txiv Neej los ntawm Oransky (1935), Klebanov's The Stork (1937), Chulaki's The Tale of the Pope thiab Nws Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Balda (1939), Chemberdzhi's Npau suav Dremovich (1943), Morozov Tus Kws Kho Mob Aibolit (1947), The Me Me Humpbacked Nees los ntawm Shchedrin (1955), Tsintsadze's Treasure of the Blue Mountain (1956), Pinocchio (1955) thiab Golden Key (1962) los ntawm Weinberg, Zeidman's Golden Key (1957); opera-ballet Snow Queen los ntawm Rauchverger (1965), thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau hauv lub 60s. Cov me nyuam operettas tau sau: "Barankin, ua ib tug txiv neej" los ntawm Tulikov (1965), "Zavalyayka Chaw nres tsheb" los ntawm Boyko (1968).
Suab paj nruag kev loj hlob. creativity rau cov me nyuam muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam kev ua yeeb yam kab lis kev cai, lub system ntawm muses. kev kawm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus (saib Musical education, Musical education). Ib tug dav network ntawm me nyuam muses tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub USSR. cov tsev kawm ntawv, suav nrog tsev kawm xya xyoo thiab kaum xyoo tsev kawm ntawv (tshaj li 2000 lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag menyuam yaus). Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm cov menyuam yaus kev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim (cov menyuam yaus ua yeeb yam hauv tsev ntawm Pioneers, choral studios, thiab lwm yam). Prod. rau cov menyuam yaus tau ua hauv xov tooj cua thiab TV, ntawm conc. theem, hauv cov menyuam yaus ua yeeb yam, hauv prof. hu nkauj. uch. tsev kawm ntawv (State choral tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Moscow, Children's choral tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub Leningrad kev kawm chorus chapel). Nyob rau hauv lub USSR Committee ntawm lub USSR muaj ib seem ntawm D. m., uas pab txhawb rau nws propaganda thiab kev loj hlob.
Cov teeb meem ntsig txog D. m. tau xav txog ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm International Society for Musical Education (ISME) ntawm UNESCO. Lub Rooj Sib Tham ISME (Moscow, 1970) tau qhia txog kev txaus siab tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag zej zog hauv kev ua tiav ntawm Soviets. D. m.
References: Asafiev B., Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag hais txog cov me nyuam thiab rau cov me nyuam, "SM", 1948, No 6; Shatskaya V., Suab paj nruag tom tsev kawm ntawv, M., 1950; Ratskaya Ts. S., Mikhail Krasev, M., 1962; Andrievska NK, Cov me nyuam ntawm lub opera MV Lisenka, Kiev, 1962; Rzyankina TA, Composers rau me nyuam, L., 1962; Goldenstein ML, Essays txog keeb kwm ntawm zaj nkauj pioneer, L., 1963; Tompakova OM, Phau ntawv hais txog Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag rau menyuam yaus, M., 1966; Ochakovskaya O., Musical publications for secondary schools, L., 1967 (bibl.); Blok V., Prokofiev's Music for Children, M., 1969; Sosnovskaya OI, Soviet composers rau cov me nyuam, M., 1970.
Yu. B. Aliev
