Boris Tischenko |

Boris Tischenko

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws… tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv dua li kev paub txog qhov tseeb los ntawm nws thawj qhov laj thawj. R. Descartes

B. Tishchenko yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb Soviet composers ntawm lub post-ua tsov ua rog tiam. Nws yog tus sau lub npe nrov ballets "Yaroslavna", "Twelve"; theem ua haujlwm raws li cov lus ntawm K. Chukovsky: "The Fly-Sokotukha", "Lub Hnub Nyoog", "Cockroach". Tus kws sau ntawv tau sau ntau yam haujlwm loj hauv orchestral - 5 tsis yog programmed symphonies (xws li hauv chaw nres tsheb los ntawm M. Tsvetaeva), "Sinfonia robusta", symphony "Chronicle of the Siege"; concertos rau piano, cello, violin, harp; 5 txoj hlua quartets; 8 piano sonatas (nrog rau lub Xya - nrog tswb); 2 violin sonatas, thiab lwm yam. Tishchenko lub suab nkauj suav nrog Tsib zaj nkauj ntawm st. O. Driz; Requiem rau soprano, tenor thiab orchestra ntawm st. A. Akhmatova; "Testament" rau soprano, harp thiab lub cev ntawm st. N. Zabolotsky; Cantata "Garden of Music" ntawm st. A. Kushner. Nws orchestrated "Four Poems of Captain Lebyadkin" los ntawm D. Shostakovich. Tus kws sau nkauj Peru kuj suav nrog cov suab paj nruag rau cov yeeb yaj kiab "Suzdal", "Kev Tuag ntawm Pushkin", "Igor Savvovich", rau cov yeeb yaj kiab "Lub Plawv ntawm a Dog".

Tishchenko kawm tiav los ntawm Leningrad Conservatory (1962-63), nws cov xib fwb nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg yog V. Salmanov, V. Voloshin, O. Evlakhov, nyob rau hauv kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv - D. Shostakovich, nyob rau hauv piano - A. Logovinsky. Tam sim no nws tus kheej yog tus xibfwb ntawm Leningrad Conservatory.

Tishchenko tau tsim los ua tus sau thaum ntxov - thaum muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo nws tau sau Violin Concerto, ntawm 20 - Lub Quartet Thib Ob, uas yog ib qho ntawm nws cov ntawv sau zoo tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, cov pej xeem-laus kab thiab kab ntawm niaj hnub kev xav qhia sawv tawm prominently. Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshiab, illuminating cov dluab ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm thiab Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg, tus composer qhuas cov xim ntawm lub archaic, nrhiav kev qhia lub ntiaj teb no nrov uas tau tsim nyob rau ntau pua xyoo (ballet Yaroslavna - 1974, Third Symphony - 1966, qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no viewers. Thib Ob (1959), Third Quartets (1970), Third Piano Sonata – 1965). Lavxias teb sab lingering nkauj rau Tishchenko yog ob qho tib si sab ntsuj plig thiab zoo nkauj zoo tagnrho. Kev nkag siab ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov kab lis kev cai hauv tebchaws tau tso cai rau tus kws sau nkauj hauv Thib Symphony los tsim ib hom suab paj nruag tshiab - zoo li nws yog, "symphony of tunes"; qhov twg cov ntaub orchestral yog woven los ntawm replicas ntawm cov twj paj nruag. Lub suab paj nruag ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub symphony yog txuam nrog cov duab ntawm N. Rubtsov zaj paj huam - "Kuv lub tebchaws nyob ntsiag to". Nws yog noteworthy tias lub ancient worldview nyiam Tishchenko kuj nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov kab lis kev cai ntawm sab hnub tuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim txoj kev kawm ntawm medieval Japanese suab paj nruag "gagaku". Ua kom nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm Lavxias pej xeem thiab yav dhau los Eastern worldview, tus composer tsim nyob rau hauv nws cov style ib tug tshwj xeeb hom suab paj nruas txoj kev loj hlob - xav statics, nyob rau hauv uas kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov suab paj nruag tshwm sim maj mam thiab maj mam (ntev cello solo nyob rau hauv thawj Cello. Concerto – 1963).

Nyob rau hauv lub embodiment ntawm raug rau lub xyoo pua XX. dluab ntawm kev tawm tsam, kov yeej, lub tragic grotesque, lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm sab ntsuj plig nro, Tishchenko ua raws li ib tug successor rau lub symphonic ua yeeb yam ntawm nws xib fwb Shostakovich. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv no hais txog yog Plaub thiab Fifth Symphonies (1974 thiab 1976).

Lub Plaub Symphony yog lub siab xav tsis thoob - nws tau sau rau 145 tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag thiab tus nyeem ntawv nrog lub microphone thiab muaj qhov ntev ntawm ntau tshaj li ib teev thiab ib nrab (uas yog, tag nrho symphony concerto). Lub Fifth Symphony yog mob siab rau Shostakovich thiab ncaj qha mus txuas ntxiv cov duab ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag - imperious oratorical tshaj tawm, kub siab siab, tragic climaxes, thiab nrog rau qhov no - ntev monologues. Nws yog permeated nrog lub motif-monogram ntawm Shostakovich (D-(e) S-С-Н), suav nrog cov lus los ntawm nws tej hauj lwm (los ntawm lub yim thiab kaum Symphonies, lub Sonata rau Viola, thiab lwm yam), raws li zoo raws li los ntawm cov Tej hauj lwm ntawm Tishchenko (los ntawm Thib Symphony, Tsib Piano Sonata, Piano Concerto). Qhov no yog ib hom kev sib tham ntawm cov hluas niaj hnub thiab cov laus, ib tug "relay haiv neeg ntawm tiam".

Impressions los ntawm Shostakovich cov suab paj nruag kuj tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob sonatas rau violin thiab piano (1957 thiab 1975). Hauv Sonata Thib Ob, cov duab tseem ceeb uas pib thiab xaus txoj haujlwm yog kev hais lus tsis zoo. Qhov no sonata yog txawv heev nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg - nws muaj 7 qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv uas tus khib sawv daws yuav ua rau lub logic "them" (Prelude, Sonata, Aria, Postlude), thiab cov txawm sawv daws yuav qhia "intervals" (Intermezzo I, II. , III in presto tempo). Lub ballet "Yaroslavna" ("Eclipse") tau sau raws li cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Ancient Russia - "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" (libre los ntawm O. Vinogradov).

Lub orchestra nyob rau hauv lub ballet yog complemented los ntawm ib tug choral ib feem uas txhim khu lub Lavxias teb sab intonation tsw. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau kev txhais cov zajlus nyob rau hauv A. Borodin lub opera "Tub huabtais Igor", tus composer ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev swb ntawm Igor cov tub rog tau hais meej. Cov lus suab paj nruag thawj ntawm tus neeg ntaus pob muaj xws li cov suab nkauj hnyav uas suab los ntawm cov txiv neej hu nkauj, muaj zog tawm tsam ntawm kev sib tw ua tub rog, quaj ntsuag "hloov" los ntawm lub orchestra ("The Steppe of Death"), suab paj nruag dreary cua, reminiscent ntawm lub suab ntawm kev hlub.

Thawj Concerto rau Cello thiab Orchestra muaj lub tswv yim tshwj xeeb. "Ib yam zoo li tsab ntawv rau ib tug phooj ywg," tus sau hais txog nws. Ib hom tshiab ntawm kev tsim suab paj nruag yog pom nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, zoo ib yam li cov organic kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm ib tug grain. Lub concerto pib nrog ib lub suab cello, uas txuas ntxiv mus rau "spurs, tua." Raws li yog los ntawm nws tus kheej, lub suab paj nruag yog yug los, dhau los ua tus sau lub monologue, "kev lees paub ntawm tus ntsuj plig." Thiab tom qab qhov kev piav qhia pib, tus sau tau teeb tsa cov yeeb yaj kiab cua daj cua dub, nrog lub ntsej muag ntse, tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev tawm mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev xav txog kev xav. "Kuv paub Tishchenko thawj cello concerto los ntawm lub plawv," said Shostakovich. Zoo li txhua qhov kev sau ua haujlwm ntawm xyoo caum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, Tishchenko cov suab paj nruag hloov mus rau lub suab, uas rov qab mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag.

V. Kholopov