Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ib qho haujlwm raws li cov ntaub ntawv suab paj nruag

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm kawg peb tham txog yuav ua li cas disassemble plays ua ntej coj lawv mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb chav kawm ntawv. Qhov txuas rau cov ntaub ntawv no yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tsab ntawv no. Niaj hnub no peb tseem yuav tsom mus rau kev tsom xam ntawm ib daim suab paj nruag, tab sis peb tsuas yog npaj rau cov lus qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv suab paj nruag.

Ua ntej, cia peb hais txog qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, thiab tom qab ntawd xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qee yam kev ua suab paj nruag - piv txwv li, opera, symphony, lub suab voj voog, thiab lwm yam.

Yog li, txhua zaus peb txheeb xyuas ib daim suab paj nruag, peb yuav tsum npaj cov lus teb rau tsawg kawg cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

• lub npe tag nrho ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag (ntxiv rau ntawm no: puas muaj ib qho kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub npe lossis kev piav qhia kev sau ntawv?);
• cov npe ntawm cov neeg sau suab paj nruag (tej zaum yuav muaj ib tus kws sau nkauj, lossis yuav muaj ob peb yog tias muaj kev sib sau ua ke);
• cov npe ntawm cov sau phau ntawv (hauv operas, ntau tus neeg feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm libretto ib zaug, qee zaum tus kws sau ntawv nws tus kheej tuaj yeem yog tus sau ntawv);
• nyob rau hauv dab tsi suab paj nruag ib hom ntawv nyeem yog cov hauj lwm sau (nws yog opera los yog ballet, los yog symphony, los yog dab tsi?);
• qhov chaw ntawm txoj haujlwm no nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas ntawm cov neeg sau ua haujlwm tag nrho (tus sau puas muaj lwm yam haujlwm hauv tib hom, thiab cov haujlwm hauv nqe lus nug cuam tshuam li cas rau lwm tus - tej zaum nws yog qhov tshiab lossis nws puas yog qhov kawg ntawm kev muaj tswv yim?) ;
• Txawm hais tias qhov kev sau ntawv no yog los ntawm ib qho tsis yog suab paj nruag thawj qhov chaw (piv txwv li, nws tau sau raws li zaj dab neeg ntawm phau ntawv, paj huam, kos duab, lossis kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov xwm txheej keeb kwm, thiab lwm yam);
• muaj pes tsawg feem nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm thiab yuav ua li cas ib feem yog tsim;
• ua yeeb yam (rau cov twj paj nruag lossis lub suab nws tau sau - rau orchestra, rau pawg, rau solo clarinet, rau lub suab thiab piano, thiab lwm yam);
• cov duab suab paj nruag tseem ceeb (lossis cov cim, tus phab ej) thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus (suab paj nruag, tau kawg).

 Tam sim no cia peb mus rau cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tsom xam ntawm cov suab paj nruag ua haujlwm ntawm qee yam. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob kis peb tus kheej dhau lawm, peb yuav tsom mus rau ob kis - opera thiab symphony.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm opera tsom xam

Opera yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam, thiab yog li ntawd nws ua raws li cov cai ntawm theatrical theem. Ib qho opera yuav luag ib txwm muaj cov phiaj xwm, thiab tsawg kawg yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam (qee zaum tsis tsawg, tab sis zoo heev). Lub opera yog staged raws li kev ua yeeb yam uas muaj cov cim; qhov kev ua tau zoo nws tus kheej muab faib ua yeeb yam, duab thiab scenes.

Yog li, ntawm no yog qee yam yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum txheeb xyuas qhov kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm:

1. kev sib txuas ntawm opera libretto thiab cov ntawv sau (yog tias muaj ib qho) - qee zaum lawv txawv, thiab muaj zog heev, thiab qee zaum cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub hauv paus yog suav nrog hauv opera tsis hloov tag nrho lossis tawg;
2. faib ua yeeb yam thiab cov duab (tus naj npawb ntawm ob qho tib si), muaj cov khoom xws li prologue lossis epilogue;
3. tus qauv ntawm txhua qhov kev ua - cov ntawv ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj feem ntau (arias, duets, choruses, thiab lwm yam), raws li cov lej tom qab ib leeg, lossis kev ua thiab cov xwm txheej sawv cev rau qhov kawg-rau-kawg, uas, hauv paus ntsiab lus, tsis tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov lej sib cais. ;
4. cov cim thiab lawv lub suab hu nkauj - koj tsuas yog xav paub qhov no;
5. Yuav ua li cas cov dluab ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim - qhov twg, nyob rau hauv dab tsi ua thiab cov duab lawv koom thiab lawv hu nkauj li cas, lawv depicted suab paj nruag;
6. lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub opera - qhov twg thiab yuav ua li cas cov zajlus pib, dab tsi yog cov theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, nyob rau hauv dab tsi ua thiab yuav ua li cas lub denouement tshwm sim;
7. orchestral tooj ntawm lub opera - puas muaj ib tug overture los yog kev taw qhia, raws li zoo raws li intermissions, intermezzos thiab lwm yam orchestral purely instrumental episodes - lawv ua lub luag hauj lwm dab tsi (feem ntau cov no yog suab paj nruas duab uas qhia qhov kev txiav txim - piv txwv li, ib tug suab paj nruas toj roob hauv pes, a daim duab hnub so, tub rog lossis lub ntees tuag thiab lwm yam);
8. Lub luag hauj lwm dab tsi ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ua yeeb yam (piv txwv li, nws puas tawm tswv yim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim lossis tshwm tsuas yog kev qhia txog kev ua neej nyob txhua hnub, lossis cov kws ua yeeb yam tshaj tawm lawv cov kab tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. , los yog chorus tas li qhuas ib yam dab tsi, los yog choral scenes feem ntau tsis muaj opera, thiab lwm yam);
9. seb puas muaj tus lej seev cev hauv opera - nyob rau hauv dab tsi ua thiab dab tsi yog vim li cas rau kev taw qhia ntawm ballet rau hauv opera;
10. Puas muaj leitmotifs hauv opera - lawv yog dab tsi thiab lawv ua dab tsi (qee tus phab ej, qee yam khoom, qee qhov kev xav lossis lub xeev, qee qhov xwm txheej ntuj lossis lwm yam?).

 Qhov no tsis yog ib daim ntawv teev tag nrho ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau pom nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsom xam ntawm ib tug suab paj nruas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kom tiav. Koj mus qhov twg tau cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub clavier ntawm lub opera, uas yog, nyob rau hauv nws cov suab paj nruag ntawv. Qhov thib ob, koj tuaj yeem nyeem cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm opera libretto, thiab, qhov thib peb, koj tuaj yeem kawm tau ntau yam hauv phau ntawv - nyeem cov ntawv nyeem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv suab paj nruag!

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm symphony tsom xam

Hauv qee txoj kev, symphony yooj yim to taub dua li opera. Ntawm no muaj ntau yam khoom siv suab paj nruag (opera kav 2-3 teev, thiab lub suab paj nruag 20-50 feeb), thiab tsis muaj cov cim nrog lawv cov leitmotifs ntau, uas koj tseem yuav tau sim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ib leeg. Tab sis kev tsom xam ntawm symphonic suab paj nruag tej hauj lwm tseem muaj nws tus yam ntxwv.

Feem ntau, symphony muaj plaub lub zog. Muaj ob txoj kev xaiv rau qhov sib lawv liag ntawm qhov chaw hauv lub voj voog symphonic: raws li hom classical thiab raws li hom romantic. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm qhov qeeb qeeb thiab lub npe hu ua ib feem (hauv classical symphonies muaj minuet los yog scherzo, hauv romantic symphonies muaj scherzo, qee zaum waltz). Saib ntawm daim duab:

Cov ntaub ntawv suab paj nruag zoo ib yam rau txhua qhov ntawm cov khoom no tau qhia nyob rau hauv cov kab ke ntawm daim duab. Txij li thaum kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab nws daim ntawv, nyeem tsab xov xwm "Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag", cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum pab koj hauv qhov teeb meem no.

Qee lub sij hawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom yuav txawv (piv txwv li, 5 qhov hauv Berlioz's "Fantastastic" Symphony, 3 qhov hauv Scriabin's "Divine Poem", 2 ntu hauv Schubert's "Unfinished" Symphony, kuj tseem muaj ib qho kev sib tw - piv txwv li, Myaskovsky's 21st Symphony). Cov no yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog-tus qauv cycles thiab qhov kev hloov ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lawv yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib co nta ntawm lub composer lub hom phiaj ntawm artistic (piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev pab cuam).

Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txheeb xyuas lub suab paj nruag:

1. txiav txim siab hom symphonic voj voog (classical, romantic, lossis ib yam dab tsi tshwj xeeb);
2. txiav txim siab lub ntsiab tonality ntawm lub symphony (rau thawj lub zog) thiab tonality ntawm txhua lub zog sib cais;
3. qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab thiab suab paj nruag ntawm txhua lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm;
4. txiav txim qhov zoo ntawm txhua qhov;
5. nyob rau hauv sonata daim ntawv, txiav txim siab lub tonality ntawm lub ntsiab thiab theem nrab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub exposition thiab nyob rau hauv lub reprise, thiab nrhiav kev sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm cov seem nyob rau hauv tib seem (piv txwv li, lub ntsiab feem yuav hloov nws cov tsos dhau los ntawm kev paub los ntawm lub suab. lub sij hawm ntawm rerise, los yog tej zaum yuav tsis hloov tag nrho);
6. nrhiav thiab muaj peev xwm qhia tau cov ntsiab lus sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw, yog tias muaj (puas muaj cov ntsiab lus uas txav ntawm ib feem mus rau lwm qhov, lawv hloov li cas?);
7. tsom xam cov orchestration (twg timbres yog cov thawj - cov hlua, woodwinds los yog tooj dag instruments?);
8. txiav txim siab lub luag haujlwm ntawm txhua feem hauv kev txhim kho ntawm tag nrho lub voj voog (qhov twg yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, qhov twg yog qhov nthuav tawm raws li cov lus los yog kev xav, nyob rau hauv qhov twg muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lwm cov ntsiab lus, qhov kev txiav txim siab twg yog qhov kawg? );
9. Yog hais tias qhov chaw ua hauj lwm muaj cov suab paj nruag quotes, ces txiav txim seb hom quotes lawv yog dab tsi; lwm.

 Tau kawg, daim ntawv teev npe no tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus tsis kawg. Koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tham txog kev ua haujlwm nrog tsawg kawg qhov yooj yim, cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim - nws zoo dua tsis muaj dab tsi. Thiab txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum tau teem caij rau koj tus kheej, tsis hais seb koj puas yuav ua cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm ib daim suab paj nruag lossis tsis yog, yog kev paub ncaj qha nrog cov suab paj nruag.

Hauv kev xaus, raws li tau cog lus tseg, peb muab qhov txuas rau cov khoom siv dhau los, uas peb tham txog kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo. Kab lus no yog "Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag los ntawm kev tshwj xeeb"