Suab nkauj kho siab |

Suab paj nruag aesthetics yog kev qhuab qhia uas kawm txog cov suab paj nruag raws li daim duab kos duab thiab yog ib feem ntawm philosophical aesthetics (cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev hnov ​​​​lus zoo, kev xav-kev xav ntawm kev muaj tiag los ntawm ib tug neeg thiab kos duab raws li daim ntawv siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke). E. m. raws li kev qhuab qhia tshwj xeeb tau muaj txij thaum kawg. XVIII caug xyoo Lub sij hawm "E. m." yog thawj zaug siv los ntawm KFD Schubart (18) tom qab kev taw qhia los ntawm A. Baumgarten (1784) ntawm lo lus "kev zoo nkauj" (los ntawm Greek aistntixos - sensual) los xaiv ib ntu tshwj xeeb ntawm kev xav. Ze rau lo lus "philosophy ntawm suab paj nruag". Lub ntsiab lus ntawm E. m. yog lub dialectic ntawm cov kev cai dav dav ntawm kev hnov ​​​​lus-tus duab assimilation ntawm kev muaj tiag, cov cai tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kos duab. creativity thiab tus kheej (pob zeb) qauv ntawm suab paj nruag. foob. Yog li ntawd, cov qeb ntawm E. m. yog tsim los raws li hom kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm kev zoo nkauj dav dav. cov ntsiab lus (piv txwv li, ib lub suab paj nruag duab), los yog coincide nrog suab paj nruag lub tswv yim uas muab cov kev xav dav dav thiab cov suab paj nruag. qhov tseem ceeb (xws li kev sib haum xeeb). Txoj kev ntawm Marxist-Leninist E. m. dialectically sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov dav dav (cov txheej txheem hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hais lus thiab keeb kwm cov khoom siv), tshwj xeeb (theoretical kev cai ntawm Marxist-Leninist lub tswv yim ntawm kos duab), thiab tus neeg (musicological txoj kev thiab kev soj ntsuam). E. m. yog txuas nrog kev zoo nkauj dav dav los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm hom kev sib txawv ntawm kev kos duab, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov tshooj tom kawg. creativity (artistic morphology) thiab suav nrog hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb (vim siv cov ntaub ntawv suab paj nruag) tsim nws lwm ntu, piv txwv li, cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm keeb kwm, sociological, epistemological, ontological. thiab axiological txoj cai ntawm kev foob. Qhov kev kawm ntawm E. m. yog lub dialectic ntawm dav dav, tshwj xeeb thiab tus qauv ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab keeb kwm. txheej txheem; sociological lub conditioning ntawm suab paj nruag. muaj tswv yim; kos duab. kev paub (kev xav) ntawm kev muaj tiag hauv suab paj nruag; tseem ceeb embodiment ntawm suab paj nruag. kev ua ub no; qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov suab paj nruag. foob.

Lub dialectic ntawm general thiab tus kheej keeb kwm. qauv suab paj nruag. foob. Cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag. Cov lus thov yog cov noob caj noob ces thiab kev sib txuas nrog cov kev cai dav dav ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom siv, thaum tib lub sijhawm muaj qee yam kev ywj pheej. Kev sib cais ntawm cov suab paj nruag los ntawm syncretic qhov kev thov cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm tus neeg tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev faib ua haujlwm, thaum lub peev xwm sensual ntawm ib tug neeg tau tshwj xeeb thiab, raws li, "khoom ntawm hnov" thiab " khoom ntawm lub qhov muag” tau tsim (K. Marx). Kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib raug zoo. kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis yog tshwj xeeb thiab kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm nws txoj kev faib thiab faib yog ywj siab. hom kev ua ntawm sab ntsuj plig mus rau universal thiab dawb kev ua si nyob rau hauv communist tej yam kev mob. formations (K. Marx thiab F. Engels, Soch., vol. 3, pp. 442-443) nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag (feem ntau European kab lig kev cai) tau txais ib tug tshwj xeeb cim. tsos: los ntawm "kev nyiam ua haujlwm" (RI Gruber) tus cwj pwm ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag thaum ub thiab tsis muaj kev faib rau hauv tus kws sau nkauj-tus neeg ua yeeb yam-mloog los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag los ntawm cov neeg mloog, kev txhim kho ntawm cov qauv tsim thiab kev sib cais ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. (txij li thaum xyoo pua 11th, tab sis XG Eggebrecht) rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tus kws sau nkauj - tus ua yeeb yam - tus neeg mloog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim - txhais - kev xaav ntawm ib tus kheej lub suab paj nruag. prod. (los ntawm 17th-18th centuries, raws li G. Besseler). Social kiv puag ncig raws li ib tug txoj kev ntawm kev hloov mus rau ib tug tshiab theem ntawm societies. ntau lawm nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag keeb kwm muab nce mus rau ib tug tshiab lub sij hawm ntawm intonational qauv (BV Asafiev) - ib tug prerequisite rau lub renewal ntawm tag nrho cov txhais tau tias ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag. Kev vam meej yog cov qauv keeb kwm dav dav. kev loj hlob - nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag yog qhia nyob rau hauv gradual kev ua tau zoo ntawm nws kev ywj pheej. raws li txoj cai, sib txawv rau hauv hom thiab hom, sib sib zog nqus cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xav txog kev muaj tiag (txog rau realism thiab socialist realism).

Cov txheeb ze kev ywj pheej ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias, ua ntej, kev hloov ntawm nws lub sijhawm yuav lig los yog ua ntej ntawm kev hloov ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv. Thib ob, hauv txhua lub sijhawm ntawm muses. creativity yog cuam tshuam los ntawm lwm yam kev thov. Thib peb, txhua lub suab paj nruag-keeb kwm. Cov theem tsis tau tsuas yog hloov pauv, tab sis kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig hauv nws tus kheej: cov ntsiab lus zoo tshaj plaws tsim raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag ntawm qee lub sijhawm tsis poob lawv cov nqi nyob rau lwm lub sijhawm, txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus hauv qab lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem dhau los ua tsis tiav hauv lub sijhawm. txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho tom ntej ntawm muses. foob.

Dialectics ntawm txoj cai dav dav thiab cais ntawm kev txiav txim siab txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm muses. kev muaj tswv yim. Keeb kwm suab paj nruag . qhov kev thov ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib raug zoo (kev sib txuas lus-kev ua haujlwm, tej yam yees siv, hedonistic-kev lom zem, kev kawm, thiab lwm yam) ua rau 18-19 centuries. rau offline arts. lub ntsiab lus ntawm suab paj nruag. Marxist-Leninist aesthetics txiav txim siab txog suab paj nruag, tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev mloog, raws li qhov tseem ceeb uas ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - tsim cov tswv cuab hauv zej zog los ntawm nws qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb. Raws li kev tshwm sim maj mam ntawm polyfunctionality ntawm suab paj nruag, ib tug complex system ntawm kev sib raug zoo cov tsev kawm ntawv tau tsim uas muaj kev cob qhia kev kawm, creativity, faib, kev nkag siab ntawm suab paj nruag, thiab kev tswj ntawm muses. txheej txheem thiab nws cov nyiaj pab txhawb nqa. Nyob ntawm seb lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab, lub kaw lus ntawm cov tsev suab paj nruag cuam tshuam rau kev ua yeeb yam. cov yam ntxwv ntawm suab paj nruag (BV Asafiev, AV Lunacharsky, X. Eisler). Kev kos duab muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag txoj kev nyiaj txiag (philanthropy, lub xeev kev yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom), uas yog nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev lag luam. Yog li ntawd, sociological. cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag ntxiv rau qhov system uas kev lag luam. yam hloov pauv mus rau theem ntawm cov dav dav (txiav txim siab txhua yam ntawm lub neej ntawm tib neeg), kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib thiab nws cov txuj ci. kev thov - qib tshwj xeeb (txiav txim siab txhua hom kev ua yeeb yam), thiab cov zej zog. lub koom haum ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag - nyob rau theem ntawm tus kheej (txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim suab paj nruag).

Lub dialectic ntawm general thiab tus kheej epistemological. qauv suab paj nruag. foob. Lub essence ntawm kev nco qab yog nyob rau hauv lub zoo tagnrho reproduction ntawm cov tswv yim txoj kev. tib neeg kev ua ub no, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb-objectively hais nyob rau hauv lus thiab muab ib tug "subjective daim duab ntawm lub hom phiaj ntiaj teb no" (VI Lenin). Art ua raws li qhov kev tsim tawm hauv kev kos duab. dluab uas dialectically sib sau ua neej nyob contemplation thiab abstract xav, ncaj qha. kev xav thiab typifying generalization, ib tug neeg paub tseeb thiab nthuav tawm ntawm ib txwm nyiam ntawm kev muaj tiag. Material-objective expression of arts. cov duab sib txawv hauv ntau hom kev thov, vim txhua qhov kev thov muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb. lus. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus ntawm lub suab yog nyob rau hauv nws qhov tsis yog lub tswv yim, uas tau tsim los ntawm keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ancient, txuam nrog lo lus thiab piav tes piav taw, kos duab. daim duab yog objectified conceptually thiab visually. Cov kev cai ntawm rhetoric uas cuam tshuam rau lub suab paj nruag ntev, suav nrog lub sijhawm Baroque, txiav txim siab qhov kev sib txuas tsis ncaj ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab cov lus hais (qee yam ntawm nws cov syntax tau cuam tshuam hauv suab paj nruag). Classic kev paub. Cov ntawv sau tau pom tias cov suab paj nruag tuaj yeem tso tawm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv zog, nrog rau los ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm kev hais lus. cov qauv thiab qhov sib thooj rau lo lus, txij li nws twb muaj kev ywj pheej. hom lus, txawm tias yog hom tsis muaj tswv yim. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov lus uas tsis yog lub tswv yim ntawm "ntshiab" suab paj nruag, keeb kwm dhau los ntawm kev pom-kev xav tau khaws cia rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub neej tshwj xeeb thiab kev xav cuam tshuam nrog hom muses. txav, intonation yam ntxwv ntawm thematics, portray. Cov teebmeem, phonism ntawm lub sijhawm, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsiab lus uas tsis yog lub tswv yim ntawm cov suab paj nruag, uas tsis yog tsim nyog rau kev hais lus txaus, tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov suab paj nruag. logic ntawm qhov ratio ntawm cov khoom prod. Lub logic ntawm kev xa tawm ntawm "suab-lub ntsiab lus" (BV Asafiev), kawm los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm kev sau, zoo li cov suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb. zoo meej kev yug me nyuam tsim nyob rau hauv cov zej zog. kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib raug zoo, kev ntsuam xyuas, cov tswv yim, cov tswv yim hais txog cov hom tib neeg tus cwj pwm thiab tib neeg kev sib raug zoo, universal generalizations. Yog li, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm muses. kev xav ntawm kev muaj tiag nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias kos duab. daim duab yog rov tsim dua nyob rau hauv keeb kwm tau txais suab paj nruag. lus ntawm lub dialectic ntawm conceptuality thiab non-conceptuality.

Dialectics ntawm kev dav dav thiab tus kheej ontological tsis tu ncua ntawm muses. foob. Tib neeg txoj haujlwm "kho" hauv cov khoom; Yog li, lawv muaj cov khoom siv ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab "tib neeg daim ntawv" uas hloov nws (lub hom phiaj ntawm lub zog muaj tswv yim ntawm tib neeg). Qhov nruab nrab txheej ntawm objectivity yog lub thiaj li hu. raw cov ntaub ntawv (K. Marx) – tsim los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso khoom twb lim los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm yav dhau los (K. Marx thiab F. Engels, Soch., vol. 23, pp. 60-61). Hauv kev kos duab, qhov qauv dav dav ntawm lub hom phiaj yog superimposed ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv. Qhov xwm ntawm lub suab yog tus yam ntxwv, ntawm ib sab, los ntawm qhov siab (spatial) cov khoom, thiab, ntawm qhov tod tes, los ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv, ob qho tib si yog raws li lub cev-acoustic zog. suab khoom. Cov theem ntawm kev paub txog qhov siab ntawm lub suab yog tshwm sim hauv keeb kwm ntawm hom (saib hom). Fret systems cuam tshuam nrog acoustic. cov kev cai lij choj ua raws li kev hloov pauv dawb "tib neeg daim ntawv", ua rau saum lub ntuj tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm lub suab. nyob rau hauv ancient muses. kab lis kev cai (raws li nyob rau hauv cov tsoos suab paj nruag ntawm niaj hnub East), qhov twg lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm repetition ntawm lub ntsiab modal hlwb dominated (RI Gruber), hom tsim yog tib tug. imprinting creativity. lub zog ntawm lub tshuab raj. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau yav tom ntej, cov ntsiab lus nyuaj ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag (variant deployment, diverse variation, etc.), intonation-modal systems ua raws li tsuas yog "raws li cov khoom siv", quasi-natural cai ntawm suab paj nruag (nws tsis yog coincidence, Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ancient E. m. modal txoj cai raug txheeb xyuas nrog cov cai ntawm xwm, qhov chaw). Theoretically ruaj cov qauv ntawm lub suab coj, tsim lub koom haum, thiab lwm yam yog tsim nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm modal systems raws li ib tug tshiab "tib neeg daim ntawv", thiab nyob rau hauv relation mus rau tom qab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. kab lis kev cai ntawm tus kheej tso cai sau ntawv rov ua raws li "quasi-nature" ntawm suab paj nruag. Irreducible rau lawv yog lub embodiment ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb ideological art. tswv yim nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khoom. dhau los ua "tib neeg daim ntawv" ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag, nws lub hom phiaj tiav. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov lus thov ntawm lub suab yog feem ntau mastered nyob rau hauv improvisation, uas yog lub feem ntau ancient txoj cai ntawm lub koom haum ntawm muses. kev txav mus los. Raws li kev tswj hwm kev sib raug zoo tau raug xa mus rau suab paj nruag, nrog rau nws cov lus txuas rau cov ntawv hais lus uas tau tswj xyuas kom meej (hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab cov qauv), improvisation muab txoj hauv kev rau cov qauv tsim qauv ntawm cov muses. sij hawm.

Normative-genre objectivity dominated nyob rau hauv lub 12th-17th centuries. Txawm li cas los xij, improvisation txuas ntxiv muaj nyob hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau nkauj thiab ua yeeb yam, tab sis tsuas yog nyob hauv thaj tsam txiav txim siab los ntawm hom ntawv. Raws li cov suab paj nruag tau tso tawm los ntawm kev siv lub luag haujlwm, kev ua yeeb yam-nrawm hom phiaj, dhau los, hloov mus rau "cov khoom siv raw", ua tiav los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev kos duab tshwj xeeb. tswv yim. Hom hom phiaj tau hloov los ntawm kev ua tiav sab hauv, ib tus neeg ua haujlwm uas tsis tuaj yeem txo mus rau ib hom ntawv. Lub tswv yim hais tias suab paj nruag muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hauj lwm tiav tau sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv lub 15th-16th centuries. Kev pom ntawm cov suab paj nruag raws li cov khoom lag luam, qhov nyuaj sab hauv uas yuav tsum tau sau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, yav dhau los tsis yog li yuav tsum tau ua, coj hauv paus hauv lub sijhawm ntawm romanticism heev uas nws coj mus rau suab paj nruag hauv 19-20 centuries. thiab nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tib yam kev nco qab ntawm pej xeem mus rau daim ntawv thov ntawm qeb "Music. ua hauj lwm" rau suab paj nruag ntawm lwm eras thiab folklore. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm yog hom suab paj nruag tom qab. objectivity, suav nrog hauv nws cov qauv yav dhau los ua "natural" thiab "raw" cov ntaub ntawv.

Lub dialectic ntawm general thiab tus kheej axiological. qauv suab paj nruag. foob. Cov koom haum. Cov txiaj ntsig tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev sib cuam tshuam: 1) "tiag tiag" (ie, kev sib kho kom haum xeeb) xav tau; 2) cov haujlwm nws tus kheej, cov ncej uas yog "kev siv nyiaj tsis txaus ntawm lub cev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej"; 3) lub hom phiaj uas embodies kev ua (K. Marx thiab F. Engels, Soch., vol. 23, pp. 46-61). Hauv qhov no, ib qho "tiag tiag" xav tau tib lub sijhawm. hloov mus ua ib qho kev xav tau rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov zej zog. kev ua ub no, thiab ib qho txiaj ntsig tiag tiag tsis yog tsuas yog cov lus teb rau qhov no lossis qhov kev xav tau, tab sis kuj yog ib qho cim ntawm "qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib tug neeg" (K. Marx). Aesthetic feature. qhov tseem ceeb - nyob rau hauv tsis muaj utilitarian txias; dab tsi tseem tshuav ntawm qhov xav tau "tiag tiag" tsuas yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua kom muaj tswv yim nthuav tawm ntawm tib neeg lub zog, piv txwv li, qhov xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus siab. Muses. Cov kev ua ub no tau tsim muaj keeb kwm rau hauv cov txheej txheem uas suav nrog cov qauv intonation, cov qauv kev tshaj lij ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus rau kev tsim cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kheej, ua raws li kev tshaj tawm thiab kev ua txhaum cai (intrinsically motivated). Cov theem no dhau los ua cov theem ntawm cov qauv ntawm muses. prod. Txhua qib muaj nws tus nqi. Banal, "weathered" (BV Asafiev) intonations, yog tias lawv lub xub ntiag tsis yog vim tus kheej kos duab. lub tswv yim, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua haujlwm. Tab sis kuj thov rau originality, rhuav lub internal. lub logic ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, kuj tuaj yeem ua rau kev poob qis ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Kev kwv yees raug ntxiv raws li cov zej zog. cov txheej txheem (kev paub dav dav ntawm cov kev xav tau txaus siab) thiab tus kheej, "tsis raug" (raws li Marx, hauv kev xav hauv hom phiaj) xav tau. Raws li cov koom haum. kev nco qab logically thiab epistemologically precedes tus neeg, thiab suab paj nruag ntsuam xyuas cov txheej txheem precede ib tug tshwj xeeb tus nqi txiav txim, tsim nws puas siab puas ntsws. lub hauv paus yog qhov kev xav ntawm cov neeg mloog thiab cov neeg thuam. Hom keeb kwm ntawm cov nqi txiav txim siab txog suab paj nruag sib raug rau qee cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem. Cov kev txiav txim siab tsis tshwj xeeb txog cov suab paj nruag tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov tswv yim. cov txheej txheem ua suab paj nruag. kev foob tsis yog nrog lwm qhov kev foob, tab sis kuj nrog rau lwm thaj chaw hauv zej zog. lub neej. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv dawb huv, hom kev ntsuam xyuas qub no tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog. cov lus qhia. Tshwj xeeb, khoom siv tes ua-taw qhia kev ntaus suab paj nruag kev txiav txim siab thawj zaug tso siab rau cov txheej txheem kom phim cov muses. cov qauv rau cov haujlwm ua los ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Tom qab ntawd tshwm sim art.-aesthetic. kev txiav txim txog suab paj nruag. prod. tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab qhov tob ntawm kev kos duab. duab. Hom kev ntsuas no tseem muaj nyob rau hauv 19th thiab 20th centuries. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1950s hauv Western Europe suab paj nruag kev thuam raws li hom tshwj xeeb muab tso rau hauv qhov hu ua. keeb kwm kev txiav txim raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm novelty ntawm technology. Cov kev txiav txim siab no yog suav tias yog ib qho tsos mob ntawm kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag thiab kev zoo nkauj. nco qab.

Hauv keeb kwm ntawm E. m. Nws muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv theem loj, nyob rau hauv uas typological. qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog vim yog cov ntaub ntawv dav dav ntawm lub neej ntawm cov suab paj nruag, lossis qhov sib thooj ntawm cov kev coj noj coj ua ua ntej ntawm kev coj noj coj ua uas ua rau muaj kev qhia zoo sib xws. Rau thawj keeb kwm-typological. Cov pab pawg suav nrog cov ntsiab lus uas tau tshwm sim hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev ua qhev thiab kev tsim feudal, thaum cov muses. Kev ua haujlwm yog feem ntau vim yog siv cov haujlwm, thiab cov haujlwm ua haujlwm (crafts) muaj qhov zoo nkauj. nam. E. m. Antiquity thiab Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, qhia txog qhov tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm suab paj nruag thiab tsis muaj kev sib cais ntawm kev kos duab los ntawm lwm qhov kev coj ua. kev ua ub no, nws tsis yog department. Sphere ntawm kev xav thiab tib lub sij hawm raug txwv rau axiological (twb yog kev ncaj ncees) thiab ontological (twb cosmological) teeb meem. Cov lus nug ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm lub suab paj nruag ntawm ib tug neeg belongs rau axiological sawv daws yuav. Rising rau Pythagoras hauv Dr. Tim Nkij teb chaws, rau Confucius hauv Dr. Nyob rau hauv Suav teb, lub tswv yim ntawm kev kho mob los ntawm cov suab paj nruag yog tom qab reborn raws li ib tug txheej ntawm cov tswv yim hais txog lub ethos ntawm suab paj nruag thiab muses. kev loj hlob. Ethos tau nkag siab tias yog cov khoom ntawm cov suab paj nruag, zoo ib yam li ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab lub cev zoo ntawm ib tug neeg (Iamblichus, Aristides Quintilian, al-Farabi, Boethius; Guido d'Arezzo, uas tau muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov qauv medieval). Nrog lub tswv yim ntawm suab paj nruag. ethos yog txuam nrog ib tug dav allegory uas zoo li ib tug neeg thiab ib haiv neeg ntawm muses. instrument or sound system (hauv Dr. Nyob rau hauv Suav teb, lub strata ntawm haiv neeg tau muab piv nrog lub tones ntawm lub teev, nyob rau hauv lub Arab. ntiaj teb 4 lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm ib tug neeg - nrog 4 txoj hlua lute, hauv lwm Lavxias. E. m., ua raws li Byzantine cov kws sau ntawv, tus ntsuj plig, lub siab, tus nplaig thiab lub qhov ncauj - nrog lub suab nrov, tus hu nkauj, tambourine thiab hlua). Ontologist. Lub nam ntawm no allegory, raws li kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tsis hloov, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim, rov qab mus rau Pythagoras, kho los ntawm Boethius thiab tsim nyob rau hauv lub lig Nrab Hnub nyoog, ntawm 3 zoo ib yam "suab paj nruag" - musica mundana (saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, ntiaj teb suab paj nruag), suab paj nruag humana (tib neeg suab paj nruag, tib neeg kev sib haum xeeb) thiab suab paj nruag instrumentalis (suab suab paj nruag, suab thiab instrumental). Rau qhov no cosmological proportions yog ntxiv, thawj zaug, natural philosophical parallels (nyob rau hauv lwm yam Greek. E. m. Lub sijhawm dej khov yog muab piv nrog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub ntiaj teb, nrog 4 lub ntsiab lus thiab lub ntsiab. cov duab geometric; nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Arab. E. m. 4 lub hauv paus lub suab sib raug rau cov cim ntawm Zodiac, lub caij nyoog, theem ntawm lub hli, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab kev faib hnub; nyob rau hauv lwm whale. E. m. lub tones ntawm lub teev – lub caij thiab lub ntsiab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no), qhov thib ob, theological similitudes (Guido d'Arezzo piv cov Qub thiab Tshiab Testaments nrog saum ntuj ceeb tsheej thiab tib neeg suab paj nruag, 4 Txoj Moo Zoo nrog plaub-kab suab paj nruag, thiab lwm yam. ). P.). Cosmological cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag yog txuam nrog cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm tus lej raws li lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua, uas tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Europe raws li Pythagoreanism thiab nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Far East - hauv lub voj voog ntawm Confucianism. Ntawm no cov lej tau nkag siab tsis yog abstractly, tab sis pom kev, raug txheeb xyuas nrog lub cev. cov ntsiab lus thiab geometry. Figs. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tej kev txiav txim (cosmic, tib neeg, suab) lawv pom ib tug xov tooj. Plato, Augustine, thiab kuj Confucius txhais cov suab paj nruag los ntawm tus lej. Hauv lwm Greek. Hauv kev xyaum, cov ntsiab lus no tau lees paub los ntawm kev sim ntawm cov twj paj nruag xws li monochord, uas yog vim li cas lub sij hawm instrumentalis tau tshwm sim hauv lub npe ntawm cov suab paj nruag tiag tiag ua ntej lub sij hawm ntau dua sonora (y ntawm Yakhauj ntawm Liège). Tus lej txhais ntawm cov suab paj nruag coj mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov hu ua. Mr. theorist. music (mus. science) dhau ntawm "kev ua tau zoo" (kev sib xyaw thiab kev ua haujlwm), uas tau khaws cia kom txog rau thaum lub sijhawm European. baroque. Lwm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov lej saib ntawm cov suab paj nruag (raws li ib qho ntawm xya "dawb" kev tshawb fawb hauv kev kawm hauv nruab nrab) yog lub ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm lo lus "suab paj nruag" nws tus kheej (qee zaum nws txhais tau tias kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb, kev ua tiav zoo. nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab tej yam, nrog rau lub tswv yim, lej - kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev zoo tag nrho), nrog rau qhov tsis muaj lub npe zoo rau instr. thiab wok. ua si suab paj nruag.

Kev ncaj ncees-cosmological. synthesis cuam tshuam lub formulation ntawm epistemological. thiab historiological music teeb meem. Thawj belongs rau cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm muses tsim los ntawm Greeks. mimesis (kev sawv cev los ntawm gestures, depiction los ntawm kev seev cev), uas yog los ntawm kev lig kev cai ntawm cov pov thawj seev cev. Suab paj nruag, uas nyob hauv ib qho chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cosmos thiab txiv neej, tau los ua ib qho duab ntawm ob qho tib si (Aristide Quintilian). Qhov kev daws teeb meem qub tshaj plaws rau cov lus nug ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag tau xav txog qhov ua tau zoo. lub dependence ntawm suab paj nruag (feem ntau ua hauj lwm zaj nkauj) ntawm khawv koob. ib tug ritual aimed ntawm ua kom muaj hmoov zoo nyob rau hauv kev ua tsov ua rog, yos hav zoov, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus no, nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj tsis muaj beings. kev sib nrig sib cuam tshuam, ib hom lus dab neeg tau tsim los ntawm Vajtswv cov lus qhia ntawm cov suab paj nruag rau ib tug neeg, kis mus rau hauv ib qho Christianized version thaum ntxov li 8th caug xyoo. (Bede the Venerable). Cov lus dab neeg no yog tom qab metaphorically rov xav dua hauv Tebchaws Europe. paj huam (Muses thiab Apollo "inspire" tus neeg hu nkauj), thiab nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw lub motif ntawm invention ntawm suab paj nruag los ntawm cov sages yog muab tso rau pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub tswv yim ntawm xwm yog qhia. keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag (Democritus). Feem ntau, E. m. ntawm antiquity thiab nruab nrab hnub nyoog yog ib tug mythological-theoretical. synthesis, nyob rau hauv uas tus general (sawv cev ntawm lub cosmos thiab txiv neej) prevails ob qho tib si tshaj qhov tshwj xeeb (kev qhia meej ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kos duab tag nrho), thiab tshaj tus neeg (kev qhia meej ntawm cov suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb). Qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tus neeg muaj nyob rau hauv cov dav dav tsis dialectically, tab sis raws li ib tug quantitative tivthaiv, uas yog raws li txoj hauj lwm ntawm muses. art-va, tseem tsis tau cais tawm ntawm lub tswv yim-lub neej sphere thiab tsis tig mus rau hauv cov neeg ywj pheej. yam art. paub txog kev muaj tiag.

Qhov thib ob keeb kwm hom suab paj nruag-aesthetic. cov tswv yim, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas thaum kawg coj zoo nyob rau hauv lub 17-18 centuries. hauv Zap. Teb chaws Europe, nyob rau hauv Russia - nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, pib tshwm nyob rau hauv E. m. App. Teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv lub 14th-16th centuries. Suab paj nruag tau dhau los ua neeg ywj pheej, ib qho kev xav sab nraud uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm E. m., uas ua raws li ib feem ntawm kev xav thiab kev ntseeg (Nicholas Orem, Erasmus ntawm Rotterdam, Martin Luther, Cosimo Bartoli, thiab lwm yam), E. m., tsom mus rau suab paj nruag-theoretical. lus nug. Lub txim ntawm txoj hauj lwm ywj pheej ntawm suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv zej zog yog nws anthropological. txhais lus (raws li opposed to the qub, cosmological). Axiologist. teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub 14th-16th centuries. saturated hedonistic. accents Ua kom pom tseeb siv (ie. e., ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub cult) lub luag hauj lwm ntawm suab paj nruag (Adam Fulda, Luther, Zarlino), theorists ntawm Ars nova thiab lub Renaissance kuj lees paub qhov kev lom zem tus nqi ntawm suab paj nruag (Marketto of Padua, Tinctoris, Salinas, Cosimo Bartoli, Lorenzo Valla, Glarean, Castiglione). Ib qho kev hloov pauv tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw ntawm ontology. teeb meem. Txawm hais tias qhov kev xav ntawm "peb lub suab paj nruag", tus naj npawb thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "theoretical music" cuam tshuam nrog nws tseem nyob ruaj khov mus txog rau xyoo pua 18th, txawm li cas los xij, yob mus rau "kev ua tau zoo. suab paj nruag” ua rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm nws tus kheej. ontology (tsis yog nws txhais li ib feem ntawm lub ntug), piv txwv li e. nws qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb. txoj kev ua. Thawj qhov kev sim hauv qhov kev taw qhia no tau ua los ntawm Tinctoris, uas txawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab cov suab paj nruag improvised. Tib lub tswv yim tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Nikolai Listenia (1533), qhov twg "musica practica" (kev ua yeeb yam) thiab "musica poetica" tau sib cais, thiab txawm tias tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus sau muaj ua tiav thiab ua haujlwm tiav. Yog li, lub hav zoov ntawm cov suab paj nruag yog theoretically xav tias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tiav sau cov hauj lwm, kaw nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Hauv 16 in. epistemological sawv tawm. teeb meem E. m., txuam nrog cov lus qhuab qhia tshwm sim ntawm kev cuam tshuam (Tsarlino). Nyob rau hauv scientific cov av maj mam ua thiab historiological. teeb meem E. m., uas yog txuam nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm keeb kwm. kev nco qab ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj uas tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Ars nova nrog ib tug ntse renewal ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm muses. xyaum. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag tau dhau los ua ntau thiab ntau dua. kev piav qhia (raws li Zarlino, suab paj nruag los ntawm kev xav tau kev sib txuas lus zoo). Nyob rau hauv lub 14-16 centuries. qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txuas ntxiv thiab kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau hauv lub 17-18 centuries. cov ntsiab lus thiab cov tswv yim ntawm E. m. tau txais lub hauv paus tshiab philosophical, tsim los ntawm rationalistic thiab kev kawm lub tswv yim. Gnoseological los ua ntej. teeb meem – cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm qhov kev coj ua thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag. Sh. Batcho tshaj tawm tias imitation yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua yam txuj ci. G. G. Rousseau txuas lub suab paj nruag. imitation nrog atherosclerosis, uas zoo ib yam li lub atherosclerosis ntawm tib neeg txav thiab hais lus. R. Descartes tau tshawb pom qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus neeg rau stimuli ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud, uas suab paj nruag coj los ua, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam. Hauv E. m. cov teeb meem tib yam tau tsim nrog kev tsis ncaj ncees. Lub hom phiaj ntawm tus kws sau lub tswv yim yog qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam (Spies, Kircher). TO. Monteverdi tau muab cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke rau cov pab pawg cuam tshuam; THIAB. Walter, J. Bononcini, ib. Mattheson cuam tshuam qee txoj kev sau ntawv sau nrog txhua qhov cuam tshuam. Cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb tau muab tso rau ntawm kev ua tau zoo (Quantz, Mersenne). Kev sib kis ntawm kev cuam tshuam, raws li Kircher, tsis txwv rau cov khoom siv tes ua, tab sis yog tej yam yees siv. txheej txheem (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, Monteverdi kuj tau kawm khawv koob), uas tau nkag siab zoo: muaj "kev khuv leej" ntawm tus neeg thiab suab paj nruag, thiab nws tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov tsim nyog. Hauv qhov kev sawv cev no, relics ntawm kev sib piv tuaj yeem taug qab: qhov chaw - txiv neej - suab paj nruag. Feem ntau, E. m., uas coj zoo nyob rau hauv lub 14th-18th centuries, txhais suab paj nruag raws li ib tug nam ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb - "graceful" (ie, e. artistic) duab ntawm "tib neeg xwm" thiab tsis hais txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lwm yam. thov los ntawm koj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog ib kauj ruam tom ntej los ntawm E.

Kev Tawm Tsam. kev ntxhov siab con. 18 nyob rau hauv. coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib txheej ntawm muz.-aesthetic. lub tswvyim ntawm hom thib peb, uas tseem muaj nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv hloov nyob rau hauv lub bourgeois. kev xav. Tus sau E. m. (los ntawm G. Berlioz thiab R. Schuman rau A. Schoenberg thiab K. Stockhausen). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj kev faib tawm ntawm cov teeb meem thiab cov txheej txheem uas tsis yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm yav dhau los era: lub tswv yim E. m. tsis ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb; Cov lus xaus ntawm musicological E. m. ua ib qho ntawm cov theoretical kev faib tawm ntawm cov suab paj nruag phenomena; composer E. m. ze rau suab paj nruag. kev thuam. Kev hloov pauv sai sai hauv suab paj nruag. kev coj ua tau cuam tshuam sab hauv hauv E. m. coj mus rau lub fore ntawm keeb kwm thiab sociological., as well as, in beings. rov xav dua, epistemological. teeb meem. Nyob rau epistemologist. av yog muab tso rau ntawm lub qub ontological. qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov suab paj nruag rau lub ntug. Suab paj nruag ua raws li "kev sib npaug ntawm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho" (Novalis), vim nws muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov ntsiab lus (Hegel). Xav txog suab paj nruag "epistemological." analogue ntawm xwm, nws yog ua tus yuam sij rau kev nkag siab lwm yam arts (G. von Kleist, F. Schlegel), np Architecture (Scheling). Schopenhauer siv lub tswv yim no mus rau qhov txwv: txhua qhov kev thov yog nyob ntawm ib sab, suab paj nruag ntawm lwm qhov; nws yog qhov zoo li ntawm "creative will" nws tus kheej. Hauv musicological E. m. X. Riemann tau siv Schopenhauer qhov xaus rau qhov theoretical. systematization ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg. Hauv nees. 19-20 centuries mus rau-epistemologist. lub assimilation ntawm suab paj nruag rau lub ntiaj teb no degenerates. Ntawm ib sab, suab paj nruag yog pom tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis yog rau lwm yam txuj ci thiab kab lis kev cai, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog kev vam meej tag nrho (Nietzsche, tom qab S. George, O. Spengler). Niam Hlob Siab Zoo. Ntawm qhov tod tes, suab paj nruag suav hais tias yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev xav (R. Casner, S. Kierkegaard, E. Bloj, T. Adorno). Qhov rov qab sab ntawm "musicalization" ntawm philosophical thiab culturological. kev xav hloov mus ua "philosophization" ntawm tus kws sau ntawv muaj tswv yim (R. Wagner), ua rau nws qhov kev tshwm sim loj heev rau qhov ua ntej ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab nws cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm nws tus kheej (K. Stockhausen), rau kev hloov pauv hauv cov suab paj nruag. ib daim ntawv uas gravitates ntau thiab ntau mus rau non-differentiation, uas yog, Mr. qhib, tsis tiav cov qauv. Qhov no ua rau kuv rov tsim cov ontological teeb meem ntawm lub hom phiaj hom ntawm lub neej ntawm suab paj nruag. Lub tswvyim ntawm "txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm", yam ntxwv ntawm 1st pem teb. 20 nyob rau hauv. (G. Schenker, N. Hartmann, R. Ingarden), muab txoj hauv kev rau kev txhais cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom. raws li kev kov yeej lub tswv yim ntawm classic. thiab romantic. kev sau ntawv (E. Karkoshka, T. Riam). Yog li, tag nrho cov teeb meem ontological E. m. tau tshaj tawm kov yeej ntawm cov niaj hnub. theem (K. Dalhousie). Kev lig kev cai. axiologist. teeb meem hauv E. m. 19 nyob rau hauv. kuj tsim nrog epistemological. haujlwm. Cov lus nug ntawm kev zoo nkauj hauv suab paj nruag tau txiav txim siab feem ntau nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog Hegelian kev sib piv ntawm daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus. Qhov zoo nkauj tau pom raws li daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus (A. AT. Ambrose, UA Kulas, R. Vallašek et al.). Kev sau ntawv yog ib qho kev ntsuas rau qhov zoo sib txawv ntawm ib tus neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab khoom siv tes ua lossis epigonism. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, pib nrog cov hauj lwm ntawm G. Shenker thiab X. Mersman (20-30s), kws kos duab. tus nqi ntawm cov suab paj nruag yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm cov thawj thiab qhov tsis tseem ceeb, qhov sib txawv thiab kev tsim kho tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib xyaw (N. Gartman, T. Adorno, K. Dahlhaus, W. Viora, X. G. Eggebrecht thiab lwm yam). Tshwj xeeb mloog yog them rau lub hwj chim ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm nws tis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog broadcasting (E. Doflein), tus txheej txheem ntawm "qhov nruab nrab" qhov zoo ntawm cov suab paj nruag hauv niaj hnub "kev coj noj coj ua" (T.

Tiag tiag epistemological. teeb meem hauv con. Lub xyoo pua 18th tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev paub txog kev paub suab paj nruag offline tau rov xav dua. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag, tso tawm los ntawm kev siv thiab subordination rau lo lus, dhau los ua ib qho teeb meem tshwj xeeb. Raws li Hegel, suab paj nruag "kom nkag siab lub siab thiab tus ntsuj plig raws li qhov chaw yooj yim ntawm txhua tus neeg" ("Aesthetics", 1835). Hauv kev ua suab paj nruag E. m., Hegelian cov lus pom zoo tau koom nrog lub npe hu ua "kev xav" kev xav ntawm kev cuam tshuam (KFD Schubart thiab FE Bach). Kev zoo nkauj ntawm kev xav lossis kev zoo nkauj ntawm kev nthuav qhia, uas xav kom suab paj nruag los qhia kev xav (kom nkag siab txog qhov kev sib txuas ntawm biography) ntawm tus kws sau ntawv lossis tus neeg ua yeeb yam (WG Wackenroder, KF Solger, KG Weisse, KL Seidel, G. Shilling). Qhov no yog li cas theoretical illusion txog tus kheej ntawm lub neej thiab muses. cov kev paub dhau los, thiab ntawm lub hauv paus no - tus neeg sau ntawv thiab cov neeg mloog, coj los ua "lub siab yooj yim" (Hegel). Lub tswv yim tawm tsam tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej los ntawm XG Negeli, uas tau coj los ua lub hauv paus thesis ntawm I. Kant txog qhov zoo nkauj hauv suab paj nruag raws li "kev ua si ntawm kev xav". Kev txiav txim siab cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov suab paj nruag thiab kev zoo nkauj. Formalism yog muab los ntawm E. Hanslik ("Nyob rau hauv Suab Nkauj Zoo Nkauj", 1854), uas pom cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag hauv "cov ntaub ntawv txav suab". Nws cov thwjtim yog R. Zimmerman, O. Gostinskiy thiab lwm tus. Confrontation ntawm kev xav thiab formalistic tswv yim ntawm muses. cov ntsiab lus kuj yog yam ntxwv ntawm niaj hnub. bourgeois E. m. Thawj tau yug dua tshiab hauv lub npe hu ua. kev puas siab puas ntsws hermeneutics (G. Krechmar, A. Wellek) - txoj kev xav thiab kev coj ua ntawm kev txhais lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag (nrog kev pab ntawm poetic metaphors thiab lub npe ntawm kev xav); qhov thib ob - rau hauv kev tsom xam nrog nws cov ceg (A. Halm, I. Bengtsson, K. Hubig). Nyob rau xyoo 1970, lub tswv yim "mimetic" ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag tshwm sim, raws li kev sib piv ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab pantomime: pantomime yog "ib lo lus uas tau mus rau hauv ntsiag to"; suab paj nruag yog ib tug pantomime uas tau mus rau hauv suab (R. Bitner).

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th historiological Cov teeb meem ntawm E. m. tau enriched los ntawm kev paub txog cov qauv hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Hegel cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kos duab (symbolics, classical, romantic) los ntawm yas mus rau suab paj nruag. art-vu, los ntawm "cov duab mus rau qhov ntshiab kuv ntawm daim duab no" ("Jena Real Philosophy", 1805) qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm ntuj tsim (thiab yav tom ntej - poob) ntawm nws qhov tseeb "tshuaj" los ntawm suab paj nruag. Ua raws li Hegel, ETA Hoffmann txawv ntawm "yas" (ie, pom kev cuam tshuam) thiab "suab paj nruag" raws li 2 tus ncej ntawm keeb kwm. kev loj hlob ntawm suab paj nruag: "yas" dominates nyob rau hauv lub pre-romantic, thiab "suab paj nruag" - nyob rau hauv lub romantic. music thov-ve. Hauv musicological E. m. con. 19th caug xyoo cov tswv yim hais txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov suab paj nruag. cov dab neeg tau muab tso rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm "kev xav ntawm lub neej", thiab ntawm lub hauv paus no lub tswv yim ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag tau tshwm sim raws li "organic" kev loj hlob thiab kev poob qis ntawm cov qauv (G. Adler). Hauv pem teb 1. 20th caug xyoo lub tswvyim no yog tsim, tshwj xeeb, los ntawm H. Mersman. Hauv pem teb 2. 20th caug xyoo nws yog reborn rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm "categorical daim ntawv" ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag (L. Dorner) - ib tug zoo tagnrho lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, qhov kev siv ntawm uas yog "organic" chav kawm ntawm suab paj nruag. keeb kwm, thiab ntau tus kws sau ntawv xav txog niaj hnub no. suab paj nruag theem. keeb kwm raws li lub scrapping ntawm daim ntawv no thiab "qhov kawg ntawm cov suab paj nruag nyob teb chaws Europe. kev nkag siab ntawm lo lus” (K. Dahlhaus, HG Eggebrecht, T. Kneif).

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, thawj zaug tau pib tsim kev sociological. teeb meem ntawm E. m., uas pib cuam tshuam kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus neeg sau thiab tus mloog. Tom qab ntawd, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej. AV Ambros, uas tau sau txog "kev sib sau" ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab "tus kheej" ntawm Renaissance, yog thawj zaug siv socialological. qeb (hom cwm pwm) hauv keeb kwm. kev tshawb fawb suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau Ambros, H. Riemann thiab tom qab ntawd J. Gandshin tsim ib tug "immanent" historiography ntawm suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv lub bourgeois E. m. 2 pem teb. Lub xyoo pua 20th sim ua ke ob txoj haujlwm tawm tsam los mus rau kev tsim kho ntawm ob "tsis yog ib txwm txuas nrog txheej txheej ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag - kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib sau ua ke" (Dahlhaus). Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub German. classical philosophy, tau txais qhov ua tiav ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm E. m. thiab tsom ntsoov rau kev qhia meej txog cov suab paj nruag. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, dialectical kev twb kev txuas ntawm cov kev cai ntawm suab paj nruag. mastering kev muaj tiag nrog cov kev cai ntawm kos duab. spheres tag nrho thiab cov kev cai dav dav ntawm kev coj noj coj ua nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub zeem muag ntawm bourgeois kev lag luam lossis tau paub txog ntawm lub dav hlau idealistic.

Txhua tus R. 19 nyob rau hauv. cov ntsiab lus ntawm suab paj nruag aesthetics tau yug los. tswv yim ntawm ib hom tshiab, nyob rau hauv ib tug swarm ua tsaug rau lub dialectical thiab keeb kwm materialistic. lub hauv paus muaj lub cib fim kom paub lub dialectic ntawm general, tshwj xeeb thiab tus neeg hauv suab paj nruag. thov-ve thiab tib lub sijhawm. muab cov philosophical, musicological thiab composer ceg ntawm E. m. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tswvyim no, nyob rau hauv uas qhov kev txiav txim siab tau ua historiological. thiab sociologist. teeb meem nteg los ntawm Marx, uas qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub hom phiaj kev coj ua ntawm ib tug neeg rau kev tsim kom zoo nkauj, incl. h thiab suab paj nruag, kev xav. Kev kos duab yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm txoj hauv kev ntawm kev pom zoo los ntawm ib tus neeg nyob hauv ib puag ncig kev muaj tiag, thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua qhov kev thov raug suav tias yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev lees paub tus kheej. “Ib yam khoom raug pom txawv ntawm qhov muag dua li ntawm pob ntseg; thiab qhov khoom ntawm lub qhov muag txawv ntawm pob ntseg. Qhov peculiarity ntawm txhua lub zog tseem ceeb yog qhov tseeb ntawm nws qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab, yog li ntawd, txoj kev peculiar ntawm nws qhov kev pom zoo, nws cov khoom tiag tiag, muaj sia nyob” (Marx K. thiab Engels F., Los ntawm tej hauj lwm thaum ntxov, M., 1956, p. 128-129). Ib txoj hauv kev mus rau dialectics ntawm cov dav dav (lub hom phiaj kev coj ua ntawm ib tug neeg), tshwj xeeb (sensual self-affirmation of a person in the world) thiab cais (originality ntawm "khoom ntawm pob ntseg") tau pom. Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev muaj tswv yim thiab kev nkag siab, tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg mloog raug suav hais tias yog Marx los ntawm keeb kwm. kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg, nyob rau hauv uas tib neeg thiab cov khoom ntawm lawv cov hauj lwm lossi cuam tshuam. “Yog li ntawd, los ntawm lub ntsiab lus: tsuas yog suab paj nruag awakens lub suab paj nruag ntawm ib tug neeg; rau lub pob ntseg uas tsis yog suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag zoo nkauj tshaj plaws yog qhov tsis muaj qab hau, nws tsis yog khoom rau nws, vim tias kuv qhov khoom tsuas tuaj yeem yog qhov kev lees paub ntawm ib qho ntawm kuv lub zog tseem ceeb, nws tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau kuv tsuas yog hauv txoj kev uas lub zog tseem ceeb. muaj rau kuv raws li lub peev xwm ua tau ... ” (ibid., p. 129). Suab paj nruag raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tus txiv neej yog nyob ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm lub zej zog. xyaum. Kev xaav ntawm cov suab paj nruag los ntawm ib tug neeg nyob ntawm seb qhov kev loj hlob ntawm nws tus kheej muaj peev xwm sib raug zoo li cas rau kev nplua nuj ntawm tib neeg. quab yuam imprinted hauv suab paj nruag (etc. cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv thiab sab ntsuj plig ntau lawm). Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm tus sau thiab mloog tau muab los ntawm Marx nyob rau hauv lub kiv puag ncig. nam, haum rau txoj kev xav thiab kev coj ua ntawm kev tsim lub zej zog, nyob rau hauv uas "kev txhim kho dawb ntawm txhua tus yog ib qho xwm txheej rau kev loj hlob dawb ntawm txhua tus." Cov lus qhuab qhia tsim los ntawm Marx thiab Engels txog keeb kwm raws li kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm kev tsim khoom yog assimilated hauv Marxist musicology. Hauv 20-ies. A. AT. Lunacharsky, nyob rau hauv lub 30-40s. X. Eisler, B. AT. Asafiev siv cov txheej txheem ntawm keeb kwm. materialism nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm suab paj nruag. keeb kwm. Yog Marx yog tus tswv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm historiological thiab sociologist. teeb meem E. m. nyob rau hauv dav dav, ces nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Rus. kiv puag ncig. democrats, nyob rau hauv kev hais lus ntawm cov tseem ceeb Lavxias teb sab. ice critics ser. thiab 2 pem teb. 19 nyob rau hauv. lub hauv paus tau muab tso rau kev txhim kho ntawm qee yam tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov teeb meem no, cuam tshuam nrog lub tswv yim ntawm haiv neeg ntawm kev kos duab, chav kawm conditionality ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev zoo nkauj, thiab lwm yam. AT. THIAB. Lenin tau lees paub cov pawg ntawm haiv neeg thiab kev koom tes ntawm kev thov thiab tsim cov teeb meem ntawm lub teb chaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb hauv kab lis kev cai, to-rye tau dav tsim hauv owls. dej khov aesthetics thiab hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm cov teb chaws socialist. kev khwv noj khwv haus. Cov lus nug kos duab. epistemology thiab suab paj nruag. ontologies tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm V. THIAB. Lenin. Tus kws kos duab yog ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm tib neeg thiab cov chav kawm, yog li qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, uas ua rau nws tus kheej, muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev sib raug zoo, txawm tias tom kawg tsis tau piav qhia hauv cov xwm txheej (Lenin V. I., Poln. Sobr. vol., ib. 20, p. 40). Suab paj nruag teeb meem. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Leninist txoj kev xav ntawm kev xav tau tsim los ntawm owls. cov kws tshawb fawb thiab theorists los ntawm lub tebchaws socialist. zej zog, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm realism thiab lub tswv yim ntawm creativity, teem tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv ntawm F. Engels hauv 1880s, thiab raws li qhov tseeb. Lavxias teb sab aesthetics. kiv puag ncig. Democrats thiab kev txawj ntse. thuam ser. thiab 2 pem teb. 19 nyob rau hauv. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov teeb meem epistemological E. m. txoj kev xav ntawm suab paj nruag yog tsim nyob rau hauv kom meej. txoj kev thiab style txuam nrog txoj kev xav ntawm realism thiab socialist. realism hauv suab paj nruag thov-ve. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm V. THIAB. Lenin, hais txog 1914-15, muab tso rau hauv dialectical-materialistic. ontological av. kev sib raug zoo ntawm txoj cai ntawm suab paj nruag thiab lub ntug. Qhia Hegel Cov Lus Qhia Txog Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Ntseeg, Lenin hais txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb.

Qhov pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm axiological teeb meem ntawm tus tshiab E. m. Nyob rau hauv Cov Ntawv Tsis Muaj Chaw Nyob, Plekhanov, raws li nws txoj kev xav ntawm kev zoo nkauj raws li "tshem tawm" kev siv hluav taws xob, piav qhia qhov kev xav ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib dhos. correctness, yam ntxwv twb rau thawj kauj ruam ntawm muses. kev ua ub no, raws li "tshem tawm" expediency ntawm kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm. Qhov teeb meem ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov suab paj nruag kuj raug tsim los ntawm BV Asafiev hauv nws txoj kev xav ntawm intonation. Lub koom haum xaiv intonations coj mus rau nws socio-psychological. suab. Txawm li cas los xij, intonations yuav plam lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau cov zej zog. nco ntsoov, txav mus rau theem ntawm psychophysiology, stimuli, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no lub hauv paus ntawm kev lom zem, tsis tshwm sim los ntawm siab ideological muses. kev muaj tswv yim. txaus siab rau axiological teeb meem ntawm E. m. rov pom dua nyob rau xyoo 1960 thiab 70s. Hauv 40-50s. owls. cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm fatherlands. suab paj nruag thuam thiab nws cov suab paj nruag zoo nkauj. yam. Nyob rau hauv lub 50-70s. nyob rau hauv ib ceg tshwj xeeb sawv tawm kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm ntawm zarub. E. m.

References: Marx K. thiab F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 1, 3, 12, 13, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 29, 37, 42, 46; Marks K. thiab Engels F., Los ntawm tej hauj lwm thaum ntxov, M., 1956; Lenin V. I., Poln. Sobr. soj., 5th ed., vol. 14, 18, 20, 29; Bpayto E. M., Fundamentals of material culture in music, (M.), 1924; Lunacharsky A. V., Cov lus nug ntawm sociology ntawm suab paj nruag, M., 1927; nws tus kheej, Hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm suab paj nruag, M., 1958, 1971; Losev A. F., Music as a subject of logic, M., 1927; nws tus kheej, Antique suab paj nruas aesthetics, M., 1960; Kremlev Yu. A., Lavxias teb sab xav txog suab paj nruag. Cov ntawv sau txog keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag thuam thiab zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX, vol. 1–3, L., 1954–60; nws tus kheej, Essays ntawm suab paj nruas aesthetics, M., 1957, (ntxiv.), M., 1972; Markus S. A., Keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag aesthetics, vol. 1–2, M., 1959–68; Sohor A. N., Music as a form of art, M., 1961, (ntxiv), 1970; nws, Aesthetic xwm ntawm hom suab paj nruag, M., 1968; Sollertinsky kuv. I., Romanticism, nws dav dav thiab suab paj nruag zoo nkauj, M., 1962; Ryzhkin I. Ya., Lub Hom Phiaj ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab nws qhov ua tau, M., 1962; nws, Taw qhia txog cov teeb meem zoo nkauj ntawm musicology, M., 1979; Asafiev B. V., Musical form as a process, book. 1-2, L., 1963, 1971; Rappoport S. X., Tus Txheej Txheem ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam thiab Kev Qhia Tshwj Xeeb ntawm Suab Nkauj, hauv: Aesthetic Essays, vol. 4, M., 1977; nws, Realism and Musical Art, in Sat: Aesthetic Essays, vol. 5, M., 1979; ib. Keldysh Yu. V., Kev thuam thiab kev sau xov xwm. Tsis lus, M., 1963; Shakhnazarova N. G., O national in music, M., 1963, (ntxiv) 1968; Suab paj nruag Aesthetics ntawm Western European Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab Renaissance (comp. AT. AP Shestakov), M., 1966; Suab paj nruag aesthetics ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm sab hnub tuaj (comp. tib), M., 1967; Suab paj nruag zoo nkauj ntawm Western Europe hauv xyoo 1971th - XNUMXth centuries, M., XNUMX; Nazaikinsky E. V., On the psychology of music perception, M., 1972; Suab paj nruag zoo nkauj ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX-XIX. (comp. A. THIAB. Rogov), M., 1973; Parbstein A. A., Txoj kev xav ntawm realism thiab teeb meem ntawm suab paj nruas aesthetics, L., 1973; nws, Music thiab Aesthetics. Philosophical essays on contemporary conversations in Marxist musicology, L., 1976; Suab paj nruag aesthetics ntawm Fabkis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX. (comp. E. F. Bronfin), M., 1974; Teeb meem ntawm kev zoo nkauj suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub theoretical tej hauj lwm ntawm Stravinsky, Schoenberg, Hindemith, M., 1975; Shestakov V. P., Los ntawm ethos los cuam tshuam. Keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruas aesthetics los ntawm antiquity mus rau lub XVIII caug xyoo., M., 1975; Medushevsky V. V., Ntawm cov qauv thiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm suab paj nruag, M., 1976; Wanslow W. V., Visual Arts and Music, Essays, L., 1977; Lukyanov V. G., Kev thuam ntawm cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm niaj hnub bourgeois lub tswv yim ntawm suab paj nruag, L., 1978; Kholopov Yu. N., Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Sib Raug Zoo Niaj Hnub No, nyob rau hauv: Theoretical Problems of Music of the XNUMXth Century, vol. 2, M., 1978; Cherednychenko T. V., Value Approach to Art and Musical Criticism, in: Aesthetic Essays, vol. 5, M., 1979; ib. Korykhalova N. P., Kev txhais suab paj nruag: cov teeb meem theoretical ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag thiab ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas tseem ceeb ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv niaj hnub bourgeois aesthetics, L., 1979; Ocheretovskaya N. L., Ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev muaj tiag hauv suab paj nruag (rau lo lus nug ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab daim ntawv hauv suab paj nruag), L., 1979; Suab paj nruag aesthetics ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX. (comp. A. AT. Mikhailov, V.

TV Cherednychenko