Zither: piav qhia ntawm lub cuab yeej, keeb kwm, hom, yuav ua li cas ua si

Zither yog ib lub suab seev suab paj nruag. Thaum lub sij hawm nws keeb kwm, lub zither tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej nto moo tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab tau nkag mus rau cov kab lis kev cai ntawm ntau lub tebchaws.

tsim

Hom - plucked hlua. Classification - chordophone. Lub chordophone yog ib qho cuab yeej nrog lub cev uas muaj ob peb txoj hlua txuas ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus uas ua suab nrov thaum lawv vibrate.

Lub zither yog ua si nrog cov ntiv tes, plucking thiab plucking cov hlua. Ob txhais tes koom nrog. Sab laug tes yog lub luag hauj lwm rau chord accompaniment. Tus neeg nruab nrab muab tso rau ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo ntawm sab tes xis. Thawj 2 ntiv tes yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib txuas lus thiab ntses bass thaj tsam. Tus ntiv tes thib peb yog rau ob lub bass thaj tsam. Lub cev muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj los yog muab tso rau ntawm koj lub hauv caug.

Cov qauv kev hais kwv txhiaj muaj 12-50 txoj hlua. Tej zaum yuav muaj ntau dua nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub instrument

Lub npe German "zither" los ntawm Latin lo lus "cythara". Lo lus Latin yog lub npe ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov hlua medieval chordophones. Nyob rau hauv German phau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX-XNUMXth, kuj tseem muaj qhov txawv ntawm "cittern", tsim los ntawm "kithara" - Greek chordophone thaum ub.

Cov cuab yeej qub tshaj plaws los ntawm tsev neeg zither yog Suav qixianqin. Lub chordophone tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab tau pom nyob hauv lub qhov ntxa ntawm Prince Yi, ua rau xyoo 433 BC.

Muaj feem cuam tshuam chordophones tau pom thoob plaws hauv Asia. Piv txwv li: Japanese koto, Middle Eastern kanun, Indonesian Playlan.

Cov neeg European pib tsim lawv tus kheej versions ntawm Asian inventions, vim li ntawd, lub zither tshwm sim. Nws tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej nrov hauv xyoo pua XNUMXth Bavaria thiab Austria.

Lub Viennese zitherist Johann Petzmayer yog suav hais tias yog tus kws ntaus nkauj zoo nkauj. Cov keeb kwm credit Petzmaier nrog nrov nrov Germanic chordophone hauv kev siv hauv tsev.

Nyob rau hauv 1838, Nikolaus Wiegel los ntawm Munich qhia kev txhim kho rau tus tsim. Lub tswv yim yog los txhim kho cov txuas txuas ntxiv, cov hlua ntxiv, chromatic frets. Lub tswv yim tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa kom txog rau thaum 1862. Ces tus lute master los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, Max Amberger, tsim ib qho cuab yeej tsim los ntawm Vigel. Yog li lub chordophone tau txais nws daim ntawv tam sim no.

Hom zithers

Lub concert zither muaj 29-38 hlua. Tus naj npawb tshaj plaws yog 34-35. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lawv cov kev npaj: 4 melodic ones saum lub frets, 12 fretless nrog sawv daws yuav, 12 fretless bass sawv daws yuav, 5-6 ob bass sawv daws yuav.

Alpine zither yog nruab nrog 42 txoj hlua. Qhov txawv yog lub cev dav los txhawb nqa lub elongated ob lub ntses bass thaj tsam thiab ib qho kev sib tw. Lub Alpine version suab zoo ib yam li kev hais kwv txhiaj version. Cov qauv lig ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX-XNUMXth tau hu ua "zither-harps". Yog vim li cas yog cov kab ntxiv, uas ua rau cov cuab yeej zoo li harp. Nyob rau hauv no version, ntxiv ob basses yog ntsia nyob rau hauv parallel nrog tus so.

Kev hloov kho alpine variant yog tsim los ua ib hom kev ua si tshiab. Cov hlua yog ua si qhib, raws li ib tug harp.

Niaj hnub nimno manufacturers kuj tsim cov qauv yooj yim. Yog vim li cas yog tias nws nyuaj rau cov amateurs ua si ntawm cov qauv puv puv. Nyob rau hauv xws li versions yuam sij thiab mechanisms rau tsis siv neeg clamping ntawm chords yog ntxiv.

Muaj 2 qhov nrov tunings rau niaj hnub zithers: Munich thiab Venetian. Qee tus players siv Venetian tuning rau cov hlua fretted, Munich tuning rau cov hlua tsis muaj zog. Tag nrho Venetian tuning yog siv rau cov twj paj nruag nrog 38 lossis tsawg dua cov hlua.