Quantitative thiab qualitative tus nqi ntawm lub caij

Lub suab paj nruag lub sijhawm yog lub consonance ntawm ob daim ntawv thiab qhov sib txawv, uas yog, qhov deb ntawm lawv. Kev paub txog kev paub nrog lub sijhawm, lawv cov npe thiab cov qauv kev tsim kho tau tshwm sim hauv qhov teeb meem kawg. Yog tias koj xav tau ib yam dab tsi los kho koj lub cim xeeb, ces qhov txuas mus rau cov khoom dhau los yuav muab hauv qab no. Niaj hnub no peb yuav txuas ntxiv kev kawm ntawm ntu ntu, thiab tshwj xeeb, peb yuav xav txog ob qho ntawm lawv cov khoom tseem ceeb: qhov muaj nuj nqis thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo.

Nyeem txog INTERVALS ntawm no

Txij li lub caij nyoog yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub suab, qhov kev ncua deb no yuav tsum tau ntsuas qee yam. Lub suab paj nruag ncua sij hawm muaj ob qhov loj me - qhov ntau thiab qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Nws yog dab tsi? Cia peb xav txog nws.

Tus nqi ntawm qhov sib txawv

tus nqi ntau hais txog Muaj pes tsawg lub suab paj nruag ua ib ntus npog. Yog li ntawd, nws tseem yog qee zaum hu ua tus nqi kauj ruam. Koj twb paub txog qhov kev ntsuas ntawm lub sijhawm no, nws tau qhia nyob rau hauv cov lej ntawm 1 txog 8, nrog rau cov ntu uas tau qhia.

Cia peb nco ntsoov tias cov no txhais li cas. tooj? Ua ntej, lawv npe lub intervals lawv tus kheej, txij li lub npe ntawm lub sijhawm tseem yog tus lej, tsuas yog hauv Latin:

Thib ob, cov no cov lej qhia tias deb npaum li cas ntawm ob lub suab sib nrug - qis thiab sab sauv (pem thiab sab saum toj). Tus lej loj dua, qhov dav ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los, qhov sib nrug ntawm ob lub suab uas ua rau nws yog:

• Tus naj npawb 1 qhia tias ob lub suab nyob rau tib lub suab paj nruag (uas yog, qhov tseeb, prima yog qhov rov ua dua ntawm tib lub suab ob zaug).
• Tus lej 2 txhais tau hais tias lub suab qis yog nyob rau thawj kauj ruam, thiab lub suab sab saud yog nyob rau thib ob (uas yog, nyob rau tom ntej, nyob ib sab ntawm lub suab paj nruag ntaiv). Ntxiv mus, lub countdown ntawm cov kauj ruam tuaj yeem pib los ntawm txhua lub suab peb xav tau (txawm los ntawm DO, txawm tias los ntawm PE lossis los ntawm MI, thiab lwm yam).
• Tus lej 3 txhais tau hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm lub sijhawm yog nyob rau thawj kauj ruam, thiab sab saum toj yog nyob rau peb ntawm nws.
• Tus lej 4 qhia tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntawv yog 4 kauj ruam, thiab lwm yam.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas peb nyuam qhuav piav yog yooj yim to taub nrog ib qho piv txwv. Cia peb tsim tag nrho yim ntu ntawm lub suab PE, sau rau hauv cov ntawv sau. Koj pom: nrog kev nce ntawm cov kauj ruam (uas yog, tus nqi ntau), qhov kev ncua deb, qhov sib txawv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm PE thiab qhov thib ob, lub suab sab sauv ntawm lub sijhawm, kuj nce ntxiv.

Tus nqi zoo

Tus nqi zoothiab suab tus nqi (ob lub npe) hais tias pes tsawg tones thiab semitones nyob rau hauv lub caij. Yuav kom nkag siab qhov no, koj yuav tsum xub nco ntsoov tias lub suab thiab lub suab yog dab tsi.

Semitone yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nyob deb ntawm ob lub suab. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los siv cov keyboard piano kom nkag siab zoo dua thiab pom meej dua. Cov keyboard muaj cov yuam sij dub thiab dawb, thiab yog tias lawv ua si yam tsis muaj qhov khoob, ces yuav muaj ib qho kev ncua deb ntawm ob tus yuam sij uas nyob ib sab (hauv suab, tau kawg, thiab tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw).

Piv txwv li, los ntawm C mus rau C-SHARP, ib tug semitone (ib tug semitone thaum peb nce los ntawm ib tug dawb yuam sij mus rau qhov ze tshaj plaws dub ib tug), los ntawm C-SHARP mus rau ib tug PE daim ntawv kuj yog ib tug semitone (thaum peb nqis los ntawm ib tug dub. yuam sij rau qhov ze tshaj plaws dawb). Ib yam li ntawd, los ntawm F rau F-SHOT thiab los ntawm F-SHOT mus rau G yog tag nrho cov piv txwv ntawm semitones.

Muaj semitones ntawm lub piano keyboard, uas yog tsim tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov yuam sij dawb. Muaj ob tug: MI-FA SI thiab DO, thiab lawv yuav tsum nco ntsoov.

TSEEM CEEB! Halftones tuaj yeem ntxiv. Thiab, piv txwv li, yog tias koj ntxiv ob semitones (ob halves), koj tau txais ib lub suab tag nrho (ib qho tag nrho). Piv txwv li, semitones DO nrog CSHAR thiab nruab nrab ntawm CSHAP thiab PE ntxiv mus rau tag nrho cov suab ntawm DO thiab PE.

Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim ntxiv tones, nco ntsoov cov cai yooj yim:

1. Dawb xim txoj cai. Yog tias muaj qhov yuam sij dub ntawm ob tus yuam sij dawb uas nyob ib sab, ces qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv yog 1 lub suab tag nrho. Yog tsis muaj tus yuam sij dub, ces nws yog ib qho semitone. Ntawd yog, nws hloov tawm: DO-RE, RE-MI, FA-SOL, SOL-LA, LA-SI yog tag nrho cov suab, thiab MI-FA, SI-DO yog semitones.
2. Txoj cai xim dub. Yog tias ob tus yuam sij dub uas nyob ib sab yog sib cais los ntawm ib tus yuam sij dawb xwb (tsuas yog ib qho, tsis yog ob!), ces qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv kuj yog 1 lub suab nrov. Piv txwv li: C-SHARP thiab D-SHARP, F-SHARP thiab G-SHARP, A-FLAT THIAB SI-FLAT, thiab lwm yam.
3. Txoj cai dub thiab dawb. Hauv qhov sib txawv loj ntawm cov yuam sij dub, txoj cai ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig lossis txoj cai ntawm cov xim dub thiab dawb siv. Yog li, MI thiab F-SHARP, nrog rau MI-FLAT thiab FA yog tag nrho cov suab. Ib yam li ntawd, tag nrho cov tones yog SI nrog C-SHARP thiab SI-Flat nrog C.

Rau koj tam sim no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kawm yuav ua li cas ntxiv tones, thiab kawm seb yuav txiav txim siab pes tsawg lub tones lossis semitones haum ntawm ib lub suab mus rau lwm qhov. Cia peb xyaum.

Piv txwv li, peb yuav tsum txiav txim siab pes tsawg lub suab nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub suab ntawm lub thib rau D-LA. Ob lub suab - ob qho tib si ua thiab la, suav nrog hauv cov qhab nia. Peb xav txog: do-re yog 1 lub suab, ces re-mi yog lwm 1 lub suab, nws twb yog 2. Ntxiv: mi-fa yog ib nrab, ib nrab, ntxiv rau cov uas twb muaj lawm 2 tones, peb twb tau 2 thiab ib nrab tones. . Cov suab tom ntej yog fa thiab ntsev: lwm lub suab, nyob rau hauv tag nrho twb 3 thiab ib nrab. Thiab qhov kawg - ntsev thiab la, kuj yog ib lub suab. Yog li peb tau txais daim ntawv la, thiab tag nrho peb tau txais qhov ntawd los ntawm DO mus rau LA tsuas muaj 4 thiab ib nrab tones xwb.

Tam sim no cia peb ua nws tus kheej! Nov yog qee qhov kev tawm dag zog rau koj xyaum. Suav pes tsawg tus tones:

• hauv peb DO-MI
• hauv FA-SI quarter
• hauv sexte MI-DO
• hauv octave DO-DO
• hauv tsib D-LA
• hauv qhov piv txwv WE-WE

Zoo, ua li cas? Koj puas tau tswj hwm? Cov lus teb raug yog: DO-MI – 2 tones, FA-SI – 3 tones, MI-DO – 4 tones, DO-DO – 6 tones, RE-LA – 3 thiab ib nrab tones, MI-MI – xoom tones. Prima yog lub caij nyoog zoo li no uas peb tsis tawm lub suab pib, yog li tsis muaj qhov kev ncua deb ntawm nws thiab, raws li, xoom tones.

Tus nqi zoo yog dab tsi?

Tus nqi zoo muab ntau yam tshiab ntawm lub sijhawm. Nyob ntawm nws, cov nram qab no hom ntawm intervals txawv:

1. Net, muaj plaub ntawm lawv prima, quarta, tsib thiab octave. Pure intervals yog sau los ntawm ib tsab ntawv me "h", uas tau muab tso rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus lej luv. Ntawd yog, ib qho ntshiab prima tuaj yeem raug hu ua ch1, ib qho ntshiab quart - ch4, ib qho thib tsib - ch5, ib qho ntshiab octave - ch8.
2. me, kuj muaj plaub ntawm lawv - qhov no yog vib nas this, thib peb, thib rau thiab xya. Lub sijhawm me me yog qhia los ntawm tsab ntawv me "m" (piv txwv li: m2, m3, m6, m7).
3. loj - lawv tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ib yam li cov me me, uas yog thib ob, peb, rau thiab xya. Cov ntu loj yog txhais los ntawm tsab ntawv me "b" (b2, b3, b6, b7).
4. txo - lawv tuaj yeem yog txhua lub sijhawm tshwj tsis yog prima. Tsis muaj qhov txo qis, vim tias muaj 0 tones hauv cov ntshiab prima thiab tsis muaj qhov twg los txo nws (tus nqi zoo tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo). Txo cov sijhawm luv luv yog "lub siab" (min2, min3, min4, thiab lwm yam).
5. Nce - koj tuaj yeem nce txhua lub sijhawm tsis muaj kev zam. Lub npe yog "uv" (uv1, uv2, uv3, thiab lwm yam).

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum tau ua nrog huv si, me me thiab loj me me - lawv yog cov tseem ceeb. Thiab qhov loj thiab txo qis yuav txuas rau koj tom qab. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj lub sijhawm loj lossis me me, koj yuav tsum paub meej tias pes tsawg lub suab nyob hauv nws. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov txiaj ntsig no (thaum xub thawj, koj tuaj yeem sau nws tawm ntawm daim ntawv khib nyiab thiab saib tas li, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los kawm tam sim ntawd). Yog li:

Pure prima = 0 tones Me thib ob = 0,5 tones (ib nrab ib lub suab) Major thib ob = 1 tone Me thib peb = 1,5 tones (ib thiab ib nrab tones) Loj thib peb = 2 tones Pure quart = 2,5 tones (ob thiab ib nrab) Ntshiab thib tsib = 3,5 tones (peb thiab ib nrab) Me rau thib rau u4d XNUMX lub suab Loj rau thib rau u4d 5 tones (plaub thiab ib nrab) Me xya = 5 tones Loj xya = 5,5 tones (tsib thiab ib nrab) Pure octave = 6 tones

Txhawm rau kom nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv me me thiab loj, saib thiab ua si (suab nrog) lub sijhawm ua los ntawm lub suab mus rau:

Tam sim no cia peb muab cov kev paub tshiab rau kev xyaum. Piv txwv li, cia peb tsim tag nrho cov ntu ntu ntawm lub suab PE.

• Pure prima los ntawm RE yog RE-RE. Nrog prima peb tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txhua, nws ib txwm tsuas yog rov ua suab nrov.
• Qhov thib ob yog qhov loj thiab me. Ib qho thib ob ntawm RE, cov no feem ntau yog lub suab ntawm RE-MI (2 kauj ruam). Nyob rau hauv ib tug me me thib ob yuav tsum tsuas yog ib nrab ib lub suab, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug loj thib ob - 1 tag nrho cov suab. Peb saib cov keyboard, xyuas seb muaj pes tsawg lub suab los ntawm RE mus rau MI: 1 lub suab, uas txhais tau hais tias lub suab thib ob yog loj. Yuav kom tau ib qho me me, peb yuav tsum txo qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub suab. Yuav ua li cas? Peb tsuas yog txo qis lub suab los ntawm ib nrab lub suab nrog kev pab ntawm lub tiaj tus. Peb tau txais: RE thiab MI-FLAT.
• Terts kuj muaj ob hom. Feem ntau, qhov thib peb ntawm RE yog lub suab ntawm RE-FA. Los ntawm RE mus rau FA - ib thiab ib nrab suab. Nws hais li cas? Tias peb qhov no me me. Yuav kom tau txais ib qho loj, peb xav tau tam sim no, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ntxiv ib nrab lub suab. Peb ntxiv qhov no: peb nce lub suab sab sauv nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug ntse. Peb tau txais: RE thiab F-SHARP - qhov no yog qhov thib peb loj.
• Net quart (ch4). Peb suav plaub kauj ruam ntawm PE, peb tau txais PE-SOL. Xyuas seb muaj pes tsawg lub suab. Yuav tsum yog ob thiab ib nrab. Thiab muaj! Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txhua yam zoo nyob rau hauv lub quart no, tsis tas yuav hloov dab tsi, tsis tas yuav ntxiv cov ntse thiab flats.
• Zoo meej thib tsib. Peb nco qab lub npe - h5. Yog li, koj yuav tsum suav los ntawm PE tsib kauj ruam. Cov no yuav yog lub suab RE thiab LA. Muaj peb thiab ib nrab lub suab nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Raws nraim li ntau npaum li nws yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib txwm dawb huv thib tsib. Yog li, ntawm no, ib yam nkaus, txhua yam zoo, thiab tsis tas yuav muaj cov cim ntxiv.
• Sexts me (m6) thiab loj (b6). 4 kauj ruam ntawm RE yog RE-SI. Koj puas tau suav lub suab? Los ntawm RE mus rau SI - XNUMX thiab ib nrab lub suab, yog li ntawd, RE-SI yog thib rau loj. Peb ua ib tug me me - peb txo lub suab sab sauv nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug ca, yog li tshem tawm ib tug ntxiv semitone. Tam sim no tus thib rau tau dhau los ua me me - RE thiab SI-FLAT.
• Septims - xya, kuj muaj ob hom. Lub xya ntawm RE yog lub suab ntawm RE-DO. Muaj tsib lub suab nruab nrab ntawm lawv, uas yog, peb tau txais ib qho me me xya. Thiab kom loj - koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntau. Nco ntsoov li cas? Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug ntse, peb nce lub suab sab sauv, ntxiv ib nrab lub suab kom nws tsib thiab ib nrab. Suab ntawm lub xya loj - RE thiab C-SHARP.
• Lub octave ntshiab yog lwm lub sijhawm uas tsis muaj teeb meem. Peb rov ua PE rau saum toj, yog li peb tau txais octave. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas - nws yog huv, nws muaj 6 lub suab.

Cia peb sau txhua yam uas peb tau txais ntawm ib tus neeg ua haujlwm suab paj nruag:

Ntawm no, piv txwv li, koj kuj muaj lub sijhawm ua los ntawm lub suab ntawm MI, thiab tsuas yog los ntawm cov ntawv sau tseg - thov, sim tsim koj tus kheej. Koj puas yuav tsum xyaum? Tsis yog tag nrho cov lus teb npaj txhij ntawm solfeggio los sau tawm?

Thiab los ntawm txoj kev, Cov ntu tuaj yeem tsim tsis tau tsuas yog nce, tab sis kuj qis. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, peb yuav tsum tau tswj lub suab qis txhua lub sijhawm - yog tias tsim nyog, tsa lossis qis dua. Yuav ua li cas koj paub thaum twg yuav nce thiab thaum twg yuav qis? Saib ntawm cov keyboard thiab txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim: qhov kev ncua deb nce lossis txo? Puas yog qhov dav dav lossis nqaim? Zoo, raws li koj qhov kev soj ntsuam, txiav txim siab yog.

Yog hais tias peb tsim lub intervals down, ces qhov nce nyob rau hauv lub suab qis ua rau ib tug nqaim ntawm lub sij hawm, ib tug txo nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm tones-semitones. Thiab qhov txo qis - ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub sijhawm nthuav dav, tus nqi zoo nce.

Saib, peb tau tsim cov ntu ntu ntawm no los ntawm cov ntawv sau rau D thiab D rau koj pom. Sim nkag siab:

Thiab los ntawm MI nqes, cia peb tsim ua ke, nrog cov lus piav qhia.

• Ntshiab prima los ntawm MI - MI-MI yam tsis muaj lus pom. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub prima dawb huv los yog nce, vim nws treads ntawm qhov chaw: tsis nyob ntawm no los yog nyob ntawd, nws yog tib yam txhua lub sijhawm.
• Thib ob: los ntawm MI - MI-RE, yog tias koj tsim. Qhov kev ncua deb yog 1 lub suab, uas txhais tau hais tias ib tug thib ob yog loj. Yuav ua li cas kom me me Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau nqaim lub ncua sij hawm, tshem tawm ib tug semitone, thiab rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau txo lub suab (lub Upper ib tug hloov tsis tau) rub nws me ntsis, uas yog, tsa nws nrog ib tug ntse. Peb tau txais: MI thiab D-SHARP - me me thib ob.
• Peb. Peb muab tso tseg peb kauj ruam (MI-DO), tau txais qhov loj thib peb (2 tones). Lawv rub lub suab qis dua ib nrab lub suab (C-SHARP), tau txais ib thiab ib nrab lub suab - ib feem peb.
• Qhov thib plaub zoo meej thiab qhov zoo thib tsib ntawm no yog, hais ncaj ncees, ib txwm: MI-SI, MI-LA. Yog tias koj xav tau - kos, suav cov tones.
• Sextes los ntawm MI: MI-SOL loj, puas yog? Vim muaj 4 thiab ib nrab tones hauv nws. Txhawm rau ua me me, koj yuav tsum tau siv lub ntsej muag ntse (ib yam dab tsi tsuas yog ntse thiab ntse, tsis yog ib lub tiaj tus - qee qhov txawm tias tsis txaus ntseeg).
• Septima MI-FA loj, thiab me me yog MI thiab FA-SHARP (ugh, ntse dua!). Thiab qhov kawg, qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog qhov ntshiab octave: MI-MI (koj yuav tsis tsim nws).

Cia wb mus saib dab tsi tshwm sim. Qee cov ntse yog txuas mus ntxiv, tsis yog ib lub tiaj tus. Zoo yam tsawg kawg uas tsis yog ib txwm muaj. Yog tias koj tsim los ntawm lwm cov ntawv, ces cov flats kuj tuaj yeem pom muaj.

Los ntawm txoj kev, yog tias koj tsis nco qab dab tsi ntse, tiaj tus thiab bekar yog. Zoo, qee zaum nws tshwm sim… Qhov ntawd tuaj yeem rov ua dua ntawm NO PAGE.

Txhawm rau tsim thiab nrhiav lub sijhawm, suav cov suab nrov, peb feem ntau xav tau lub piano keyboard rau pem hauv ntej ntawm peb lub qhov muag. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem luam cov keyboard kos, txiav nws tawm thiab muab tso rau hauv koj phau ntawv ua haujlwm. Thiab koj tuaj yeem rub tawm qhov dawb paug rau luam ntawv los ntawm peb.

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Table of intervals thiab lawv cov nqi

Tag nrho cov khoom ntawm tsab xov xwm loj no tuaj yeem raug txo mus rau ib lub phaj me me, uas tam sim no peb yuav qhia koj. Koj tuaj yeem rov ua dua daim ntawv solfeggio khib nyiab hauv koj phau ntawv sau, qhov chaw hauv qhov chaw pom tseeb, yog li koj ib txwm muaj nws ua ntej koj ob lub qhov muag.

Yuav muaj plaub kab hauv lub rooj: lub npe tag nrho ntawm lub sijhawm, nws lub npe luv luv, tus nqi ntau (uas yog, pes tsawg kauj ruam nyob rau hauv nws) thiab tus nqi zoo (ntau npaum li cas tones). Tsis txhob ntxhov siab? Txhawm rau kom yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus kheej ib qho luv luv version (tsuas yog kab thib ob thiab kawg).

Qhov ntawd yog tag nrho rau tam sim no. Hauv cov teeb meem tom ntej no, koj yuav txuas ntxiv lub ntsiab lus "Intervals", koj yuav kawm paub yuav ua li cas hloov lawv, yuav ua li cas kom tau txais kev nce ntxiv thiab txo qis, nrog rau dab tsi tshiab thiab vim li cas lawv nyob hauv phau ntawv suab paj nruag, thiab tsis nyob hauv dej hiav txwv. Pom koj sai sai no!