Nadezhda Iosifovna Golubovskaya |

Nadezhda Golubovskaya

Nyob rau hauv lub pre-revolutionary xyoo, pianist kawm tiav ntawm lub St. Petersburg Conservatory sib tw rau txoj cai tau txais lub Anton Rubinstein nqi zog. Yog li ntawd nws yog nyob rau hauv 1914. Nco ntsoov qhov no. S. Prokofiev tau sau tom qab: "Kuv tus neeg sib tw loj yog Golubovskaya los ntawm Lyapunov chav kawm, tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag ntse thiab maj mam." Thiab txawm hais tias qhov khoom plig tau muab tsub rau Prokofiev, qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib tw nrog xws li thawj-chav pianist (nrog rau nws qhov kev ntsuam xyuas) hais ntau ntau. Glazunov kuj tau mloog mus rau cov tub ntxhais kawm lub peev xwm, uas tau nkag mus rau hauv cov ntawv sau npe hauv qab no: "Lub txiaj ntsig loj loj thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj peev xwm ua suab paj nruag. Kev ua yeeb yam uas muaj ntau yam, kev tshav ntuj thiab kev tshoov siab. " Ntxiv rau Lyapunov, AA Rozanova kuj yog Golubovskaya tus kws qhia ntawv. Nws tau txais ob peb zaj lus qhia ntiag tug los ntawm AN Esipova.

Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm pianist tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tsim nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia. Twb yog nws thawj tus neeg ywj pheej clavierabend nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1917 (qhov kev zov me nyuam suav nrog Bach, Vivaldi, Rameau, Couperin, Debussy, Ravel, Glazunov, Lyapunov, Prokofiev) tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm V. Karatygin, uas pom hauv Golubovskaya ua si "ntau ntawm paj huam hloov maj mam, ua neej nyob; zoo rhiab heev clarity yog ua ke nrog lub siab nyiam thiab nervousness. Tsis tsuas yog solo kev ua yeeb yam coj nws lub koob meej, tab sis kuj ua suab paj nruag ua si, thawj zaug nrog tus neeg hu nkauj Z. Lodius, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog tus neeg hu nkauj M. Rayson (nrog rau tom kawg nws tau ua txhua kaum ntawm Beethoven's violin sonatas). Tsis tas li ntawd, qee lub sij hawm nws kuj ua ib tug harpsichordist, ua si tej hauj lwm los ntawm composers ntawm lub xyoo pua 3th. Cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov qub masters yeej ib txwm nyiam cov xim ntawm Golubovskaya. E. Bronfin hais txog qhov no: “Muaj ib lub repertoire uas suav nrog cov suab paj nruag piano los ntawm ntau lub sijhawm, cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws, cov qauv thiab cov qauv, muaj lub txiaj ntsim ntawm kev nkag mus tob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb paj huam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam, tus ntaus suab paj nruag, kab tias, feem ntau pom meej meej nws tus kheej hauv. cov suab paj nruag ntawm Fabkis harpsichordists, nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Mozart thiab Schubert. Thaum nws ua si los ntawm Couperin, Daquin, Rameau (nrog rau cov lus Askiv virginalists) ntawm lub piano niaj hnub, nws tau tswj kom ua tiav lub suab tshwj xeeb - pob tshab, meej, tsis muaj suab nrov ... Kev kov ntawm kev coj cwj pwm thiab kev txhob txwm tshaj tawm mus rau hauv lub suab paj nruag no, txhais lawv li lub ntiaj teb scenes tag nrho ntawm lub neej, raws li poetically tshwm sim los ntawm cov duab kos duab, cov duab me me, imbued nrog kev puas siab puas ntsws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov harpsichordists nrog Debussy thiab Ravel tau ua tiav nrog qhov pom tseeb tshaj plaws.

Tsis ntev tom qab lub yeej ntawm lub Great Lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig, Golubovskaya rov tshwm sim ua ntej ib tug tshiab cov neeg tuaj saib nyob rau hauv lub nkoj, nyob rau hauv nautical clubs thiab tsev kho mob. Nyob rau hauv 1921, lub Leningrad Philharmonic tau tsim, thiab Golubovskaya tam sim ntawd los ua ib tug ntawm nws cov thawj soloists. Ua ke nrog cov thawj coj loj, nws tau ua qhov piano concertos ntawm Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Scriabin, Balakirev, Lyapunov. Nyob rau hauv 1923 Golubovskaya ncig xyuas hauv Berlin. Moscow mloog kuj paub zoo nrog nws. Nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm K. Grimikh (Music thiab Revolution magazine) ntawm ib qho ntawm nws concerts nyob rau hauv lub Me Hall ntawm lub Moscow Conservatory, peb nyeem: "Lub purely virtuoso possibilities ntawm pianist yog me ntsis txwv, tab sis nyob rau hauv nws ua yeeb yam ntau, Golubovskaya ua pov thawj. ua ib tug thawj-chav kawm master thiab ib tug tiag tiag artist. Lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo heev, kev paub zoo ntawm lub suab, cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj, kev nkag siab ntawm cov style, kev coj noj coj ua zoo nkauj thiab kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus kws kos duab - cov no yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Golubovskaya.

Golubovskaya ib zaug hais tias: "Kuv tsuas yog ua suab paj nruag zoo dua li nws tuaj yeem ua si." Rau tag nrho cov ntawd, nws repertoire yog dav heev, nrog rau ntau yam classical thiab niaj hnub compositions. Mozart yog nws tus kws sau ntawv nyiam. Tom qab xyoo 1948, tus pianist tsis tshua muaj concerts, tab sis yog tias nws mus rau theem, nws feem ntau tig mus rau Mozart. Kev ntsuam xyuas tus kws kos duab qhov kev nkag siab tob ntawm Mozart style, thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lwm tus kws sau ntawv, M. Bialik tau sau xyoo 1964: "Txhua daim uas suav nrog cov pianist repertoire hides kev xav, lub neej, kev sib koom ua yeeb yam, thiab txhua tus muaj qhov tseeb philosophical, kos duab. kev xav”.

Golubovskaya ua ib tug loj pab rau Soviet piano pedagogy. Los ntawm 1920 nws tau qhia nyob rau Leningrad Conservatory (txij li thaum 1935 ib tug xibfwb), qhov uas nws tau cob qhia ntau pianists; ntawm lawv N. Shchemelinova, V. Nielsen, M. Karandasheva, A. Ugorsky, G. Talroze. Ib Shishko. Nyob rau hauv 1941-1944 Golubovskaya yog lub taub hau ntawm lub piano department ntawm lub Ural Conservatory, thiab nyob rau hauv 1945-1963 nws yog ib tug kws pab tswv yim ntawm lub Tallinn Conservatory. Peru ntawm ib tug kws qhia ntawv zoo kawg nkaus muaj phau ntawv "The Art of Pedalization" (L., 1967), tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.

Lit.: Bronfin ENI Glubovskaya.-L., 1978.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.