Kawm ua si Balalaika

Tool tsim. Cov ntaub ntawv siv tau thiab cov lus qhia. Kev tsaws thaum lub sijhawm ua si.

1. Yuav tsum muaj pes tsawg txoj hlua balalaika, thiab yuav tsum tau kho li cas.

Lub balalaika yuav tsum muaj peb txoj hlua thiab hu ua "balalaika" tuning. Tsis muaj lwm qhov kev sib tw ntawm balalaika: guitar, me, thiab lwm yam - tsis siv rau kev ua si los ntawm kev sau ntawv. Thawj txoj hlua ntawm balalaika yuav tsum tau hloov kho raws li qhov sib tsoo, raws li lub pob accordion lossis raws li lub piano kom nws muab lub suab LA ntawm thawj octave. Cov hlua thib ob thiab thib peb yuav tsum tau kho kom lawv muab lub suab ntawm MI ntawm thawj octave.

Yog li, cov hlua thib ob thiab thib peb yuav tsum tau kho raws nraim tib yam, thiab thawj (nyias) txoj hlua yuav tsum muab tib lub suab uas tau txais ntawm cov hlua thib ob thiab thib peb thaum nias ntawm thib tsib fret. Yog li ntawd, yog tias txoj hlua thib ob thiab thib peb ntawm txoj hlua balalaika raug nias ntawm qhov thib tsib fret, thiab thawj txoj hlua qhib, ces tag nrho lawv, thaum ntaus los yog plucked, yuav tsum muab tib lub suab nyob rau hauv qhov siab - LA ntawm thawj. octave.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj hlua yuav tsum sawv ntsug kom qhov kev ncua deb ntawm nws mus rau kaum ob fret yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm qhov deb ntawm kaum ob fret mus rau txiv ntoo. Yog tias qhov muag tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw, ces nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem tau txais cov nplai kom raug ntawm balalaika.

Cov hlua twg yog hu ua thawj, uas yog qhov thib ob thiab qhov twg yog qhov thib peb, nrog rau cov lej ntawm cov frets thiab qhov chaw ntawm txoj hlua sawv ntsug tau qhia hauv daim duab "Balalaika thiab lub npe ntawm nws qhov chaw".

Balalaika thiab lub npe ntawm nws qhov chaw

2. Cov cuab yeej yuav tsum ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

Koj yuav tsum kawm yuav ua li cas ntaus ib lub twj paj nruag zoo. Tsuas yog ib qho cuab yeej zoo tuaj yeem muab lub suab muaj zog, zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj, thiab kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm lub suab thiab lub peev xwm siv nws.

Ib qho cuab yeej zoo tsis yog qhov nyuaj los txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov tsos - nws yuav tsum zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, ua los ntawm cov khoom zoo, zoo polished thiab, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw nws yuav tsum tau raws li nram no:

Lub caj dab ntawm balalaika yuav tsum ncaj ncaj, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab tawg, tsis yog tuab thiab xis rau nws lub cev, tab sis tsis dhau nyias, txij li qhov no, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam (txoj hlua nro, dampness, kub hloov), nws thiaj li warp. Cov khoom siv fretboard zoo tshaj plaws yog ebony.

Cov frets yuav tsum tau zoo sanded ob sab saum toj thiab raws cov npoo ntawm fretboard thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev txav ntawm cov ntiv tes ntawm sab laug tes.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov frets yuav tsum yog tib qhov siab lossis pw hauv tib lub dav hlau, piv txwv li, kom tus pas ntsuas tso rau ntawm lawv nrog ib qho ntug kov lawv tag nrho yam tsis muaj kev zam. Thaum ua si balalaika, cov hlua nias ntawm txhua qhov kev ntxhov siab yuav tsum muab lub suab meej, tsis muaj suab nrov. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws rau frets yog hlau dawb thiab npib tsib xee.

Txoj hlua pegs yuav tsum yog mechanical. Lawv tuav lub kaw lus zoo thiab tso cai rau kev yooj yim thiab meej ntawm qhov ntsuas. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov iav thiab cov cab hauv lub pegs yog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, ua los ntawm cov khoom zoo, tsis hnav tawm hauv xov, tsis xeb thiab yooj yim tig. Ib feem ntawm lub peg, uas txoj hlua yog qhov txhab, yuav tsum tsis txhob hollow, tab sis los ntawm tag nrho cov hlau. Lub qhov nyob rau hauv uas cov hlua hla yuav tsum tau zoo sanded raws ntug, txwv tsis pub cov hlua yuav sai sai fray. Pob txha, hlau los yog niam-ntawm-pearl worm hau yuav tsum zoo riveted rau nws. Nrog tsis zoo riveting, cov taub hau yuav rattle thaum ua si.

Lub soundboard ua los ntawm zoo resonant spruce nrog tsis tu ncua, sib npaug zoo plies yuav tsum tiaj tus thiab tsis txhob khoov rau sab hauv.

Yog hais tias muaj ib tug hinged armor, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim hais tias nws yog tiag tiag hinged thiab tsis kov lub lawj. Cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau veneered, ua los ntawm cov ntoo tawv (kom tsis txhob warp). Nws lub hom phiaj yog los tiv thaiv lub lawj me me ntawm kev poob siab thiab kev puas tsuaj.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias rosettes nyob ib ncig ntawm lub suab lub thawv, nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum thiab ntawm lub eeb tsis yog tsuas yog decorations, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv cov feem ntau yooj yim qhov chaw ntawm lub soundboard los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.

Sab saum toj thiab hauv qab sills yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov ntoo tawv los yog cov pob txha kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob hnav sai sai. Yog hais tias cov txiv ntoo puas lawm, cov hlua nyob ntawm caj dab (ntawm frets) thiab rattle; Yog tias lub eeb puas lawm, cov hlua tuaj yeem ua rau lub suab nrov.

Qhov sawv ntsug rau cov hlua yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm maple thiab nrog nws lub dav hlau qis hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lub suab nrov, tsis muaj qhov khoob. Ebony, ntoo qhib, pob txha, los yog softwood stands tsis pom zoo, raws li lawv dampen lub sonority los yog, conversely, muab nws ib tug hnyav, tsis kaj siab timbre. Qhov siab ntawm qhov sawv kuj tseem ceeb; siab dhau heev lawm, txawm hais tias nws yuav ua rau kom lub zog thiab sharpness ntawm lub twj paj nruag, tab sis ua rau nws nyuaj rau extract lub suab melodious; tsawg dhau - ua kom lub suab nrov ntawm lub twj paj nruag, tab sis tsis muaj zog ntawm nws lub suab; cov txheej txheem ntawm extracting suab yog heev yooj yim thiab accustoms balalaika neeg uas ua ntawv rau passive, inexpressive ua si. Yog li ntawd, kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw sawv ntsug yuav tsum tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Ib qho kev xaiv tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau lub suab tsis zoo thiab ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev ua si.

Cov nyees khawm rau cov hlua (ze ntawm lub eeb) yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov ntoo tawv heev lossis cov pob txha thiab zaum ruaj rau hauv lawv lub qhov (sockets).

Cov hlua rau ib qho zoo tib yam balalaika yog siv hlau, thiab thawj txoj hlua (LA) yog tib lub thickness raws li thawj txoj hlua guitar, thiab cov hlua thib ob thiab peb (MI) yuav tsum me ntsis! tuab dua thawj zaug.

Rau kev hais kwv txhiaj balalaika, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv thawj txoj hlua hlau guitar rau thawj txoj hlua (LA), thiab rau cov hlua thib ob thiab thib peb (MI) ob txoj hlua guitar core lossis cov hlua khi hlua khi LA.

Lub purity ntawm tuning thiab timbre ntawm lub ntsuas yog nyob ntawm xaiv cov hlua. Cov hlua nyias dhau ua rau lub suab tsis muaj zog, rattling; tuab heev los yog ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev ua si thiab deprive lub twj paj nruag ntawm melodiousness, los yog, tsis tswj qhov kev txiav txim, yog torn.

Cov hlua yog tsau rau ntawm lub pegs raws li hauv qab no: cov hlua hlua yog muab tso rau ntawm lub khawm ntawm lub eeb; tsis txhob sib tw thiab rhuav txoj hlua, ua tib zoo muab tso rau ntawm qhov muag thiab cov txiv ntoo; sab sauv kawg ntawm txoj hlua ob zaug, thiab txoj hlua txoj hlua thiab ntau dua - yog qhwv ib ncig ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm sab xis mus rau sab laug thiab tom qab ntawd tsuas yog hla lub qhov, thiab tom qab ntawd, los ntawm kev tig lub peg, txoj hlua yog kho kom zoo.

Nws raug nquahu kom ua ib lub voj nyob rau hauv qis kawg ntawm txoj hlua txoj hlua raws li hauv qab no: tau muab cov hlua khi raws li qhia hauv daim duab, muab lub voj sab xis ntawm sab laug, thiab muab lub voj sab laug rau ntawm lub pob thiab tuav kom nruj. Yog tias txoj hlua yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, nws txaus los rub nws me ntsis ntawm qhov kawg luv, lub voj yuav xoob thiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm yooj yim yam tsis muaj kinks.

Lub suab ntawm lub twj paj nruag yuav tsum muaj tag nrho, muaj zog thiab muaj lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj, tsis muaj qhov hnyav lossis lag ntseg ("chim"). Thaum rho tawm suab los ntawm cov hlua tsis muaj zog, nws yuav tsum tig mus ntev thiab ploj mus tsis tau tam sim ntawd, tab sis maj mam. Lub suab zoo yog nyob ntawm qhov tseeb qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntsuas thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv, choj thiab cov hlua.

3. Yog vim li cas thaum lub sij hawm ua si muaj hawb pob thiab rattling.

a) Yog tias txoj hlua xoob dhau los yog tsis raug nias los ntawm cov ntiv tes ntawm cov frets. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nias cov hlua ntawm cov frets tsuas yog cov uas ua raws, thiab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov txiv ntseej fretted heev, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab Nos. 6, 12, 13, thiab lwm yam.

b) Yog tias cov frets tsis sib npaug ntawm qhov siab, qee qhov siab dua, lwm tus yog qis dua. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom cov frets nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab xuab zeb nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb. Txawm hais tias qhov no yog kev kho yooj yim, nws tseem zoo dua los tso siab rau tus kws tshaj lij.

c) Yog hais tias cov frets tau hnav dhau lub sijhawm thiab indentations tau tsim nyob rau hauv lawv. Kev kho tib yam li hauv rooj plaub dhau los yog yuav tsum tau, lossis hloov cov frets qub nrog cov tshiab. Kev kho tsuas yog ua tau los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog.

d) Yog tias cov pegs tsis zoo riveted. Lawv yuav tsum tau riveted thiab ntxiv dag zog.

e) Yog tias cov txiv ntseej qis lossis muaj qhov txiav tob dhau hauv lub tebchaws. Yuav tsum tau hloov nrog ib qho tshiab.

e) Yog tias txoj hlua sawv qis. Koj yuav tsum tau teem nws siab dua.

g) Yog hais tias lub rooj yog xoob ntawm lub lawj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom lub dav hlau qis ntawm qhov sawv ntsug nrog rab riam, planer lossis cov ntaub ntawv kom nws haum nruj ntawm lub lawj thiab tsis muaj qhov khoob lossis qhov khoob ntawm nws thiab lub lawj.

h) Yog hais tias muaj kab nrib pleb los yog crevices nyob rau hauv lub cev los yog lawj ntawm lub ntsuas. Cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau kho los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.

i) Yog hais tias cov springs yog lag tom qab (tshem tawm ntawm lub lawj). Yuav tsum muaj kev kho dua tshiab: qhib lub suab paj nruag thiab gluing cov springs (thin transverse strips glued rau sab hauv mus rau soundboard thiab ntsuas ntsuas).

j) Yog hais tias lub hinged armor yog warped thiab kov lub lawj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kho cov cuab yeej, veneer lossis hloov nrog ib qho tshiab. Ib ntus, txhawm rau tshem tawm rattling, koj tuaj yeem nteg ib lub hnab yas nyias nyias ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm lub plhaub thiab lub lawj.

k) Yog tias cov hlua nyias nyias los yog tuned tsawg dhau. Koj yuav tsum xaiv cov hlua ntawm cov tuab kom zoo, thiab kho qhov ntsuas mus rau qhov ntsuas qhov nkhaus.

m) Yog hais tias cov hlua plab yog frayed thiab cov plaub hau thiab burrs tau tsim rau lawv. Cov hlua hnav yuav tsum tau hloov nrog cov tshiab.

4. Vim li cas cov hlua tsis zoo ntawm cov frets thiab cov twj paj nruag tsis muab qhov kev txiav txim zoo.

a) Yog tias txoj hlua tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw. Qhov sawv ntsug yuav tsum sawv kom qhov kev ncua deb ntawm nws mus rau kaum ob fret yuav tsum sib npaug zos rau qhov deb ntawm kaum ob fret mus rau lub txiv ntoo.

Yog hais tias txoj hlua, nias ntawm kaum ob fret, tsis muab lub octave huv si nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lub suab ntawm lub qhib txoj hlua thiab suab siab tshaj qhov yuav tsum tau, lub sawv yuav tsum tau tsiv mus nyob deb ntawm lub suab box; Yog tias txoj hlua suab qis dua, ces qhov sawv ntsug, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yuav tsum tau txav mus ze rau lub thawv suab.

Qhov chaw qhov chaw yuav tsum yog feem ntau yog cim nrog ib qho me me ntawm cov twj paj nruag zoo.

b) Yog tias cov hlua tsis muaj tseeb, tsis sib xws, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Yuav tsum tau hloov nrog cov hlua zoo dua. Ib txoj hlua hlau zoo muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau, tiv thaiv kev khoov, thiab muaj zog heev. Ib txoj hlua ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo los yog hlau tsis muaj steel sheen, nws yooj yim khoov thiab tsis caij nplooj ntoos hlav zoo.

Cov kab mob plab raug kev txom nyem tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Ib qho tsis sib xws, tsis zoo polished plab hlua tsis muab qhov kev txiav txim zoo.

Thaum xaiv cov hlua tseem ceeb, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov hlua ntsuas, uas koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus kheej los ntawm cov hlau, ntoo lossis txawm tias daim duab los qhia.
Txhua lub nplhaib ntawm txoj hlua txoj hlua, ua tib zoo, kom tsis txhob raug tsoo, raug thawb mus rau hauv lub qhov ntawm txoj hlua 'meter', thiab yog tias txoj hlua tag nrho nws qhov ntev muaj tib lub thickness, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub slit ntawm txoj hlua meter nws ib txwm. mus txog qhov sib faib ib yam ntawm nws qhov chaw, ces nws yuav suab zoo.

Qhov zoo thiab purity ntawm ib txoj hlua lub suab (ntxiv rau nws fidelity) kuj nyob ntawm nws cov freshness. Ib txoj hlua zoo muaj lub teeb, yuav luag amber xim thiab, thaum lub nplhaib yog nyem, springs rov qab, sim rov qab mus rau nws txoj haujlwm qub.

Cov hlua plab yuav tsum muab khaws cia rau hauv daim ntawv siv quav ciab (uas lawv feem ntau muag), kom deb ntawm cov dej noo, tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav heev.

c) Yog hais tias lub frets tsis positioned kom raug ntawm lub fretboard. Xav tau kev kho dua tshiab uas tsuas yog ua tau los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog.

d) Yog hais tias lub caj dab warped, concave. Xav tau kev kho dua tshiab uas tsuas yog ua tau los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog.

5. Vim li cas cov hlua tsis nyob twj ywm.

a) Yog tias txoj hlua tsis zoo kho ntawm lub peg thiab nkag mus. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua tib zoo fasten txoj hlua rau lub peg raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no.

b) Yog hais tias lub Hoobkas voj nyob rau hauv qis kawg ntawm txoj hlua yog ua tsis zoo. Koj yuav tsum tau ua ib lub voj tshiab koj tus kheej los yog hloov txoj hlua.

c) Yog tias cov hlua tshiab tseem tsis tau haum. Muab cov hlua tshiab tso rau ntawm qhov ntsuas thiab ntsuas, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ceev kom nruj, me ntsis nias lub suab nrog koj tus ntiv tes xoo ze ntawm qhov muag thiab lub suab lub thawv los yog rub nws kom zoo zoo upwards. Tom qab muab cov hlua khi, cov twj paj nruag yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tu. Cov hlua yuav tsum tau nruj kom txog thaum txoj hlua tuav zoo zoo txawm tias nruj.

d) Yog tias qhov ntsuas tau raug kho los ntawm loosening qhov nro ntawm cov hlua. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kho qhov ntsuas los ntawm kev nruj, tsis txhob xoob txoj hlua. Yog hais tias txoj hlua yog tuned siab tshaj qhov tsim nyog, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xoob nws thiab kho nws kom raug los ntawm kev nruj dua; txwv tsis pub, txoj hlua yuav twv yuav raug txo qis thaum koj ua si.

e) Yog tias cov pins tsis raug txiav txim, lawv tso tseg thiab tsis khaws txoj kab. Koj yuav tsum hloov lub peg puas nrog ib qho tshiab los yog sim tig nws rov qab thaum teeb tsa.

6. Vim li cas txoj hlua tawg.

a) Yog tias cov hlua tsis zoo. Cov hlua yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xaiv thaum yuav khoom.

b) Yog tias cov hlua yog tuab dua li qhov xav tau. Cov hlua yuav tsum tau siv cov tuab thiab qib uas tau ua pov thawj zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ntsuas hauv kev xyaum.

c) Yog tias qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov ntsuas ntev dhau lawm, kev xaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlua nyias yuav tsum tau siv, txawm hais tias qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog kev tsim khoom tsis raug.

d) Yog hais tias txoj hlua sawv yog nyias heev (ntse). Nws yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv bets ntawm ib txwm tuab, thiab txiav rau cov hlua yuav tsum tau sanded nrog iav ntawv (sandpaper) thiaj li hais tias tsis muaj ntse npoo.

e) Yog hais tias lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub pegs nyob rau hauv uas txoj hlua yog ntxig muaj ib tug ntse npoo. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo thiab du cov npoo nrog ib daim duab peb sab me me thiab xuab zeb nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb.

f) Yog tias txoj hlua, thaum siv thiab muab tso rau, yog dented thiab tawg rau nws. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv thiab rub cov hlua ntawm lub ntsuas kom cov hlua tsis tawg lossis twist.

7. Yuav ua li cas txuag lub ntsuas.

Khaws koj cov twj paj nruag kom zoo. Cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas. Tsis txhob cia nws nyob rau hauv ib chav damp, tsis txhob dai nws tiv thaiv los yog ze ntawm lub qhov rais qhib thaum huab cua ntub, tsis txhob muab tso rau ntawm windowsill. Absorbing noo noo, ntsuas yuav damp, sticks tawm thiab poob nws lub suab, thiab cov hlua xeb.

Nws kuj tsis pom zoo kom khaws cov twj paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub hnub, nyob ze cua sov los yog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas qhuav heev: qhov no ua rau lub twj paj nruag kom qhuav, lub lawj thiab lub cev tawg, thiab nws yuav siv tsis tau kiag li.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua cov twj paj nruag nrog cov tes qhuav thiab huv si, txwv tsis pub cov av nkag mus rau ntawm lub fretboard ze ntawm cov frets nyob rau hauv cov hlua, thiab cov hlua lawv tus kheej xeb thiab poob lawv lub suab meej thiab kho kom raug. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los so lub caj dab thiab cov hlua nrog ib daim ntaub qhuav, huv si tom qab ua si.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej los ntawm cov plua plav thiab dampness, nws yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua los ntawm tarpaulin, nrog rau hauv ob sab phlu los yog hauv cov ntaub ntawv cardboard lined nrog oilcloth.
Yog tias koj tswj kom tau txais cov cuab yeej zoo, thiab thaum kawg nws yuav tsum tau saib xyuas, ceev faj txog kev hloov kho thiab "zoo nkauj" nws. Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb kom tshem tawm cov lacquer qub thiab npog lub suab nrov sab saum toj nrog lub lacquer tshiab. Ib qho cuab yeej zoo los ntawm xws li "kho" tuaj yeem poob nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus ib txhis.

8. Yuav ua li cas zaum thiab tuav lub balalaika thaum ua si.

Thaum ua si balalaika, koj yuav tsum zaum ntawm lub rooj zaum, ze rau ntawm ntug kom lub hauv caug yuav luag ntawm lub kaum sab xis, thiab lub cev yog tuav ywj siab thiab ncaj ncaj.

Noj balalaika los ntawm caj dab ntawm koj sab laug tes, muab tso rau ntawm koj lub hauv caug nrog lub cev thiab maj mam, kom ruaj khov dua, nyem lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ntsuas nrog lawv. Tshem lub caj dab ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm koj tus kheej me ntsis.

Thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev ua si, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv nias lub luj tshib ntawm sab laug tes mus rau lub cev thiab tsis txhob coj nws ntau dhau mus rau sab.

Lub caj dab ntawm qhov ntsuas yuav tsum pw me ntsis hauv qab lub pob txha thib peb ntawm tus ntiv tes ntiv tes ntawm sab laug tes. Lub xib teg ntawm sab laug tes yuav tsum tsis txhob kov lub caj dab ntawm lub ntsuas.

Kev tsaws tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog:

a) yog tias lub cuab yeej tswj hwm nws txoj haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm ua si txawm tias tsis txhawb nqa nrog sab laug tes;

b) Yog hais tias qhov txav ntawm cov ntiv tes thiab txhais tes ntawm sab laug tes yog dawb kiag li thiab tsis khi los ntawm "kev tu" ntawm lub ntsuas, thiab

c) yog tias qhov tsaws yog qhov ntuj tsim, ua rau muaj kev zoo siab rau sab nraud thiab tsis ua rau tus neeg ua yeeb yam thaum lub sijhawm ua si.