Keeb kwm ntawm lub saxophone

Ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab nto moo yog suav tias yog saxophone. Keeb kwm ntawm lub saxophone muaj txog 150 xyoo. Cov cuab yeej tau tsim los ntawm Belgian-yug Antoine-Joseph Sax, uas tau los ua lub npe hu ua Adolphe Sax, xyoo 1842. Thaum pib, lub saxophone tsuas yog siv hauv cov tub rog. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, xws li cov kws sau nkauj xws li J. Bizet, M. Ravel, SV Rachmaninov, AK Glazunov thiab AI Khachaturian tau nyiam cov cuab yeej. Cov cuab yeej tsis yog ib feem ntawm symphony orchestra. Tab sis txawm qhov no, thaum suab nrov, nws ntxiv cov xim nplua nuj rau cov suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, lub saxophone pib siv nyob rau hauv jazz style.

Hauv kev tsim cov saxophone, cov hlau xws li tooj dag, nyiaj, platinum lossis kub yog siv. Tag nrho cov qauv ntawm saxophone zoo ib yam li clarinet. Lub twj tso kua mis muaj 24 lub suab thiab 2 li qub uas tsim cov octave. Tam sim no, 7 hom cuab yeej no tau siv hauv kev lag luam suab paj nruag. Ntawm lawv, qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog alto, soprano, baritone thiab tenor. Txhua hom suab nyob rau hauv ntau yam sib txawv ntawm C - tiaj tus mus rau Fa ntawm peb octave. Lub saxophone muaj qhov sib txawv timbre, uas zoo li lub suab ntawm cov suab paj nruag los ntawm oboe mus rau clarinet.

Thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1842, Sachs, zaum hauv tsev, muab lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub clarinet rau lub ophicleide thiab sim ua si. Hnov thawj cov ntawv, nws hu ua lub ntsuas tom qab nws tus kheej. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, Sachs tau tsim cov cuab yeej ntev ua ntej hnub no. Tab sis tus neeg tsim khoom nws tus kheej tsis tau tso tseg cov ntaub ntawv.Tsis ntev tom qab qhov kev tsim kho, nws tau ntsib tus kws sau ntawv zoo Hector Berlioz. Txhawm rau ntsib Sachs, nws tshwj xeeb tuaj rau Paris. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ntsib tus kws sau nkauj, nws xav qhia cov suab paj nruag hauv zej zog rau cov cuab yeej tshiab. Thaum hnov ​​lub suab, Berlioz zoo siab nrog lub saxophone. Qhov ntsuas tau tsim cov suab txawv txawv thiab timbre. Tus kws sau ntawv tsis tau hnov ​​​​zoo li ntoo hauv ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej muaj. Sachs raug caw los ntawm Berlioz mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej rau kev sib tw. Tom qab nws ntaus nws cov cuab yeej tshiab rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag tam sim no, nws tau tam sim ntawd ua si bass clarinet hauv lub orchestra, tab sis nws tsis ua.

Tus neeg tsim khoom tsim thawj saxophone los ntawm kev sib txuas lub conical trumpet rau clarinet reed. Oboe valve mechanism kuj tau ntxiv rau lawv. Qhov kawg ntawm qhov ntsuas tau khoov thiab zoo li tsab ntawv S. Lub saxophone ua ke nrog lub suab ntawm tooj dag thiab ntoo cua tshuab.

Thaum nws txoj kev loj hlob, nws tau ntsib ntau yam teeb meem. Nyob rau xyoo 1940, thaum Nazism tau tswj hwm lub teb chaws Yelemees, txoj cai txwv tsis pub siv saxophone hauv ib lub suab paj nruag. Txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub saxophone tau coj qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag nto moo tshaj plaws. Ib me ntsis tom qab, qhov ntsuas tau los ua "tus huab tais ntawm jazz suab paj nruag."