Herbert von Karajan (Herbert von Karajan) |

Herbert von Karajan

• Phau ntawv «Karayan» →

Ib qho ntawm cov neeg thuam suab paj nruag tseem ceeb ib zaug hu ua Karayan "Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Tebchaws Europe". Thiab lub npe no muaj tseeb ob npaug - yog li hais, ob qho tib si hauv daim ntawv thiab hauv cov ntsiab lus. Tseeb: dhau kaum xyoo dhau los thiab ib nrab, Karajan tau coj feem ntau ntawm cov European orchestras zoo tshaj plaws: nws tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm London, Vienna thiab Berlin Philharmonic, Vienna Opera thiab La Scala hauv Milan, suab paj nruag festivals hauv Bayreuth, Salzburg thiab Lucerne, Society of Friends of Music in Vienna … Karayan tuav ntau cov ntawv no tib lub sij hawm, NW nyuam qhuav tswj ya ntawm nws lub dav hlau kis las los ntawm ib lub nroog mus rau lwm qhov txhawm rau ua kev xyaum, kev hais kwv txhiaj, ua yeeb yam, kaw cov ntaub ntawv. . Tab sis nws tau ua txhua yam no thiab, ntxiv rau, tseem mus ncig thoob ntiaj teb.

Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab lus ntawm "tus thawj coj ntawm Tebchaws Europe" muaj lub ntsiab lus tob dua. Tau ntau xyoo tam sim no, Karajan tau tso tseg ntau ntawm nws cov lus, tsom mus rau kev coj mus rau Berlin Philharmonic thiab Salzburg Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav, uas nws tus kheej tau teeb tsa txij li xyoo 1967 thiab qhov chaw nws tau ua rau Wagner's operas thiab monumental classics. Tab sis txawm tias tam sim no tsis muaj tus neeg xyuas pib hauv peb lub teb chaws, thiab tej zaum thoob plaws ntiaj teb (nrog rau kev zam ntawm L. Bernstein), leej twg tuaj yeem sib tw nrog nws hauv kev muaj koob meej thiab txoj cai (yog tias peb txhais tau tias cov neeg coj ntawm nws tiam).

Karajan feem ntau muab piv nrog Toscanini, thiab muaj ntau yam vim li cas rau qhov sib xws: ob tus neeg ua haujlwm tau sib koom ua ke ntawm lawv cov txuj ci, qhov dav ntawm lawv cov suab paj nruag, thiab lawv qhov chaw loj heev. Tab sis, tej zaum, lawv qhov zoo sib xws tseem ceeb tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov zoo kawg nkaus, qee zaum tsis muaj peev xwm nkag siab tau los ua kom tag nrho cov neeg nyiam suab paj nruag thiab cov pej xeem, xa mus rau lawv qhov pom tsis tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov suab paj nruag. (Qhov no tau hnov ​​​​txawm tias nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg.)

Rau cov neeg mloog, Karayan yog tus kws ua yeeb yam ci ntsa iab uas muab sijhawm rau lawv cov kev paub siab. Rau lawv, Karajan yog tus thawj coj uas tswj hwm tag nrho cov khoom siv suab paj nruag - los ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Mozart thiab Haydn mus rau cov suab paj nruag tam sim no ntawm Stravinsky thiab Shostakovich. Rau lawv, Karayan yog ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam uas ua yeeb yam nrog kev sib luag ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm theem kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab hauv tsev ua yeeb yam, qhov twg Karayan ua tus thawj coj feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm Karayan ua tus thawj coj theem.

Karajan yog qhov tseeb heev hauv kev xa tus ntsuj plig thiab tsab ntawv ntawm txhua qhov qhab nia. Tab sis ib qho ntawm nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam yog cim los ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm tus kws kos duab tus kheej, uas muaj zog heev uas nws ua tsis tau tsuas yog lub orchestra xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov soloists. Nrog laconic gestures, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, feem ntau emphatically stingy, "nyuaj", nws subordinates txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm lub orchestra rau nws indomitable yuav, captures tus mloog nrog nws lub siab lub ntsws, qhia rau nws lub philosophical qhov tob ntawm monumental suab paj nruas canvases. Thiab lub sijhawm ntawd, nws lub cev me me zoo li loj heev!

Kaum ob ntawm operas tau ua los ntawm Karajan hauv Vienna, Milan thiab lwm lub nroog. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas tus neeg xyuas pib lub repertoire yuav txhais tau tias nco qab txhua qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas muaj nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv suab paj nruag.

Ntau yam tuaj yeem hais txog Karajan txoj kev txhais ntawm tus kheej ua haujlwm. Kaum ob ntawm symphonies, symphonic paj huam thiab orchestral pieces los ntawm composers ntawm txawv eras thiab haiv neeg tau ua nyob rau hauv nws concerts, kaw los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Cia wb ob peb lub npe xwb. Beethoven, Brahms, Bruckner, Mozart, Wagner, Verdi, Bizet, R. Strauss, Puccini - cov no yog cov composers nyob rau hauv kev txhais lus ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag lub peev xwm yog qhia rau tag nrho cov. Cia peb nco qab, piv txwv li, Karajan lub concerts nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub 60s los yog Verdi's Requiem, qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Karajan nyob rau hauv Moscow nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm Da Scala ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Milan ua ib tug indelible impressions rau tag nrho cov uas hnov ​​nws.

Peb sim kos duab ntawm Karayan - txoj kev uas nws paub thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov no tsuas yog ib daim duab kos duab, kab kos duab: tus neeg saib xyuas cov duab sau nrog cov xim zoo nkauj thaum koj mloog nws cov concerts lossis kaw. Nws tseem yog rau peb nco txog qhov pib ntawm tus kws kos duab txoj kev muaj tswv yim…

Karajan yug hauv Salzburg, tus tub ntawm kws kho mob. Nws lub peev xwm thiab kev hlub rau suab paj nruag tau tshwm sim thaum ntxov uas twb muaj hnub nyoog tsib xyoos nws tau tshaj tawm ua tus pianist. Tom qab ntawd Karajan kawm ntawm Salzburg Mozarteum, thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag no, B. Paumgartner, qhia nws kom coj. (Hnub no, Karajan tseem yog ib tug kws ntaus piano zoo heev, qee zaus ua suab paj nruag thiab ntaus suab paj nruag.) Txij li xyoo 1927, tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag hluas tau ua haujlwm ua tus thawj coj, thawj zaug hauv Austrian nroog Ulm, tom qab ntawd hauv Aachen, qhov chaw nws dhau los ua ib tus neeg hu nkauj. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tshaj plaws tus thawj tswj hwm hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Thaum kawg ntawm peb caug xyoo, tus kws kos duab tau tsiv mus rau Berlin thiab tsis ntev los no coj tus thawj coj ntawm Berlin Opera.

Tom qab kev ua tsov ua rog, Karajan lub koob meej sai sai mus dhau ntawm ciam teb ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees - ces lawv pib hu nws, "tus thawj coj ntawm Tebchaws Europe" ...

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969