Concert Halls |
Concert Halls yog qhov chaw npaj rau pej xeem kev ua yeeb yam ntawm suab paj nruag. cov khoom, tsim nyog nruab thiab ua tau raws li qee qhov kev xav tau acoustic. thiab architectural xav tau. tshwm sim rau. - natural tshwm sim istorich. suab paj nruag kev loj hlob. culture nyob rau hauv con. 17 – lus. 18th caug xyoo Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm dhau los lub chaw isp. suab paj nruag yog pawg ntseeg, palaces, parishes. t-ry, aristocratic. salons muaj rau pouring txwv. lub voj voog ntawm cov neeg, ces raws li bourgeoisie tsim. social conc. cov neeg tuaj saib pib nthuav dav, muaj conc. cov koom haum uas tau teeb tsa kev ua yeeb yam tsis tu ncua ntawm pab pawg thiab soloists hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov tub lag luam. thiab khoom siv tes ua guilds, chav tsev ntawm cov tsev so thiab tsev noj mov, nrog rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm opera theatre. Thawj qhov tshwj xeeb K. z. tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1690 hauv London los ntawm Concerts of Vocal thiab Instrumental Music Society. Thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua 18th K. z. tau tshwm sim hauv Fabkis, Holland, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, thiab ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe; cov tuam txhab, cov tsev tshaj tawm, muses tau koom nrog lawv cov kev tsim kho. txog-va thiab lwm lub koom haum. Kev tsim kho ntawm K. z. nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm muses. lub neej, raws li zoo raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm loj mus tas li orchestras. Qhov no ua rau muaj qhov loj thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov chav tsev (txog 1,5-2 txhiab tus neeg). Ib txhij tsim architectural thiab acoustic. cov cai sib raug rau kev tsim kho. txheej txheem ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th intensive kev tsim kho ntawm K. z txuas ntxiv. Cov kws tshaj lij raug tsa. Cov chav rau chamber concerts raug kho dua tshiab thiab reequipped rau concert halls. ancient palaces thiab castles, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub li K. z. cov tsev teev ntuj raug siv. lub tsev. Nrog rau qhov no, loj K. z raug tsim. (3 txhiab lossis ntau qhov chaw), qhov twg qhov kev ua tiav tshiab ntawm acoustics raug siv. tshuab. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov duab square ntawm thawj luv luv Circuit Court ua tus yam ntxwv. mus rau duab plaub los yog oval, nrog rau theem, kom meej meej cais los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. kab. Nyob rau hauv lub department rooj plaub, theem yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm niaj hnub K. z. txawv: chamber halls (txog 500 lub rooj) yog npaj rau Ch. arr. rau kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm soloists, rau sonata yav tsaus ntuj thiab me me instr. thiab wok. pawg; loj Halls (los ntawm 500 lub rooj los yog ntau tshaj) - rau symphonic ua yeeb yam. orchestras, hu nkauj, nkauj thiab choreographic. pab pawg, nrog rau cov thawj coj soloists. Muaj kuj yog hu ua. Lub caij ntuj sov concerts ua nyob rau hauv qhib huab cua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm amphitheatres nrog ib tug "plhaub" theem los yog nrog cov rooj zaum rau viewers nyob rau hauv lub teeb hinged ru tsev. Cov chav zoo sib xws tau tsim bh hauv thaj chaw chaw so thiab thaj chaw suburban ntawm cov nroog loj. Ntau K. z. muaj tag nrho cov kev coj noj coj ua niaj hnub hauv ntiaj teb. Feem ntau ntawm cov chav tsev yog mus rau lub philharmonic, suab paj nruag. txog koj, conservatories, prof. koom haum. Rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws zarub. K. z. nyob rau K.z. Society of Friends of Music (Vienna), Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci. Smetana (Prague), Ateneum (Bucharest), Bulgaria (Sofia), Festival Hall thiab Albert Hall (London), Lincoln Center, Carnegie Hall (New York), Concertgebouw (Amsterdam), West Berlin Philharmonic, Gavo, Pleyel (Paris), Concerthuset (Stockholm), thiab lwm yam.
Thawj K. z. ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. ua yeeb yam. Halls, music halls clubs, tsev kawm ntawv (Smolny thiab Ekaterininsky institutes, lub Academy of Arts nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, Moscow University, thiab lwm yam), los ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. kuj yog thaj chaw ntawm lub rooj sib txoos loj ntawm St. Petersburg, Moscow thiab lwm lub nroog, qhov chaw them nyiaj concerts tsis tu ncua. Hauv pem teb 2. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub conservatories loj tau tsim. hauv Petersburg. thiab Mosk. conservatories, thiab tom qab ib tug xov tooj ntawm tshwj xeeb thaj chaw nyob rau hauv lwm lub nroog. Tom qab Great Oct. socialist. revolutions nyob rau hauv K. z. Cov chaw ntawm cov rooj sib txoos loj tau hloov dua siab tshiab (K. z. Leningrad. Philharmonic Society, Kem Hall of the House of the Unions in Moscow, NV Lysenko Philharmonic Hall in Kyiv, thiab lwm yam). Nrog rau kev tsim kho tshiab K. z. tus kws tshaj lij. Kev teem caij (hauv Yerevan, Tallinn, Minsk, thiab lwm lub nroog) nyob rau hauv K. z. Ntau qhov chaw qub uas yav tas los tau siv rau lwm lub hom phiaj tau kho dua tshiab (lub Tsev Engelhardt Hall - tom qab ntawd Lub Tsev Me Me muaj npe tom qab MI Glinka ntawm Leningrad Philharmonic Society, Kremlin Concert Hall hauv Gorky, lub tsev ntawm Dome Cathedral hauv Riga, thiab lwm yam). Tus kws tshaj lij. K. z. muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov capitals ntawm lub Union republics thiab loj kab lis kev cai chaw. Thaum 60 - ntxov. 70s kev xyaum tsim lub thiaj li hu. ua ke cov kev hais kwv txhiaj, txawv los ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm (los ntawm 3 mus rau 6 tus neeg) thiab yoog rau ob qho tib si concerts thiab rau lwm yam kev tshwm sim loj-congresses, theatrical ua yeeb yam, thiab ua yeeb yam demonstrations (Kremlin Palace ntawm Congresses nyob rau hauv Moscow, xinesmas thiab concert halls) Oktyabrsky "hauv Leningrad, "Lub Kaum Hli" hauv Moscow, "Ukraine" hauv Kharkov, thiab lwm yam). Loj K.z. tab tom tsim ntawm cov tsev so loj ("Soviet" hauv Moscow, thiab lwm yam). K. z. nyob rau hauv lub USSR lawv muaj ntau uch. cov koom haum, cov lag luam, cov koom haum. cov koom haum (xws li All-Union House of Composers nyob rau hauv Moscow), cov neeg ua haujlwm ', nyob deb nroog thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm palaces thiab tsev ntawm kab lis kev cai, thiab cov koom haum. K. z. ntawm lub caij ntuj sov hom tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub resort nroog ntawm Sochi, Jurmala, Palanga, thiab lwm yam. nyob rau hauv lub USSR: Loj thiab me Halls ntawm Moscow. conservatory lawv. PI Tchaikovsky, Kem Hall ntawm Lub Tsev Koom Tes, Kev Sib Tham Hall muaj npe tom qab PI Tchaikovsky, Lub Xeev Concert Hall "Russia" hauv Moscow, Cov Tsev Loj thiab Me ntawm Leningrad. conservatory lawv. NA Rimsky-Korsakov, Me Hall. MI Glinka Leningrad. Philharmonic, K. Z. Azerbaijan Conservatory (Baku), K. z. "Estonia" (Estonian State Philharmonic hauv Tallinn), K. z. Georgian State Philharmonic hauv Tbilisi, K. z. Philharmonic Society hauv Kazan, K. z. organ thiab chamber music hauv Kutaisi, K. z. t-ra “Vanemuine” in Tartu, K. z. Palace ntawm Culture "Ukraine" nyob rau hauv Kyiv, K. z. Palace lawv. VI Lenin hauv Alma-Ata thiab lwm tus.
References: Semenova IN, Stupel AM, Me Hall muaj npe tom qab MI Glinka; Andronikov IL, Lub Tsev Loj ntawm Philharmonic yog ib qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, ob qho tib si hauv kev sau: Leningrad State. Order of the Red Banner of Labor Philharmonic, M., 1972; Moscow Philharmonic (sau los ntawm L. Grigoriev, J. Platek), M., 1973, p. 219-22 : kuv.
MM Yakovlev
