Bruno Walter |
Bruno Walter
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Bruno Walter yog ib nplooj ntawv ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag. Yuav luag xya xyoo lawm, nws tau sawv ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas kev sawv hauv lub tsev ua yeeb yam loj tshaj plaws thiab cov chaw hais kwv txhiaj thoob plaws ntiaj teb, thiab nws lub koob meej tsis ploj mus txog thaum kawg ntawm nws hnub. Bruno Walter yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub galaxy ntawm German conductors uas tuaj ua ntej thaum pib ntawm peb caug xyoo. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv Berlin, nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim tsev neeg, thiab qhia tau hais tias thaum ntxov muaj peev xwm ua rau nws pom ib tug yav tom ntej artist nyob rau hauv nws. Thaum kawm nyob rau hauv lub conservatory, nws ib txhij mastered ob specialties - pianistic thiab sau. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li feem ntau, nws tau xaiv txoj hauv kev thib peb vim li ntawd, nws thiaj li dhau los ua tus neeg xyuas pib. Qhov no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm nws txoj kev mob siab rau kev hais kwv txhiaj symphony, uas nws tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm Hans Bülow, yog ib tus kws tshaj lij thiab pianists ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.
Thaum Walter muaj hnub nyoog kaum xya xyoo, nws twb kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej thiab coj nws thawj txoj haujlwm ua pianist-accompanist ntawm Cologne Opera House, thiab ib xyoos tom qab nws tau ua nws thawj zaug ntawm no. Tsis ntev Walter tsiv mus rau Hamburg, qhov chaw uas nws pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm Gustav Mahler, uas muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluas artist. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, Mahler yog tus tsim ntawm tag nrho lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov neeg coj, uas Walter rightfully belongs rau ib qho ntawm thawj qhov chaw. Ob xyoos siv nyob rau hauv Hamburg, cov tub ntxhais suab paj nruag mastered lub secrets ntawm kev txawj ntse; nws nthuav nws lub repertoire thiab maj mam dhau los ua ib tus neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lub suab paj nruag qab ntug. Tom qab ntawd rau ob peb xyoos nws ua yeeb yam hauv Bratislava, Riga, Berlin, Vienna (1901-1911). Ntawm no txoj hmoo rov coj nws nrog Mahler.
Xyoo 1913-1922, Walter yog "tus thawj coj ntawm lub suab paj nruag" hauv Munich, coj Mozart thiab Wagner festivals, xyoo 1925 nws tau mus rau Berlin State Opera, thiab plaub xyoos tom qab, Leipzig Gewandhaus. Cov no yog lub xyoo ntawm kev vam meej ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas kev ua yeeb yam, uas tau txais kev lees paub tag nrho-European. Lub sijhawm ntawd, nws rov tuaj xyuas peb lub tebchaws, qhov chaw uas nws ncig xyuas tau ua tiav tas li. Nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab ces nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, Walter muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov phooj ywg ntawm musicians. Nws yog noteworthy tias nws yog thawj tus neeg ua yeeb yam txawv teb chaws ntawm Dmitri Shostakovich Thawj Symphony. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws kos duab koom nrog Salzburg festivals thiab txhua xyoo ua ntawm Covent Garden.
Thaum pib ntawm lub peb caug xyoo, Bruno Walter twb nyob rau saum nws cov hauj lwm. Tab sis nrog lub advent ntawm Hitlerism, tus naas ej conductor raug yuam kom khiav tawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, thawj zaug rau Vienna (1936), ces mus rau Fabkis (1938) thiab, thaum kawg, mus rau lub teb chaws USA. Ntawm no nws tau ua nyob rau hauv Metropolitan Opera, ua yeeb yam nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws orchestras. Tsuas yog tom qab tsov rog ua kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab ua yeeb yam hauv Tebchaws Europe pom Walter dua. Nws daim duab thaum lub sijhawm no tsis tau poob nws lub zog. Raws li thaum nws tseem yau, nws zoo siab rau cov neeg mloog nrog qhov dav ntawm nws lub ntsiab lus, thiab ua siab loj lub zog, thiab kev mob siab rau. Yog li ntawd nws tseem nyob hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm txhua tus neeg uas tau hnov tus neeg xyuas pib.
Qhov kawg concerts ntawm Walter tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Vienna, tsis ntev ua ntej kev tuag ntawm tus kws kos duab. Raws li nws cov lus qhia, Schubert's Unfinished Symphony thiab Mahler's Fourth tau ua.
Bruno Walter lub repertoire loj heev. Lub hauv paus chaw nyob rau hauv nws tau nyob los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm German thiab Austrian classical composers. Raws li qhov tseeb, nws tuaj yeem hais nrog qhov laj thawj zoo uas Walter cov kev pabcuam tau cuam tshuam tag nrho keeb kwm ntawm German symphony - los ntawm Mozart thiab Beethoven mus rau Bruckner thiab Mahler. Thiab nws nyob ntawm no, nrog rau hauv operas, uas tus neeg xyuas pib lub peev xwm nthuav tawm nrog lub zog loj tshaj plaws. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, ob qho tib si me me thiab ua haujlwm los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv niaj hnub raug rau nws. Los ntawm cov suab paj nruag tiag tiag, nws paub yuav ua li cas txhawm rau tua hluav taws ntawm lub neej thiab kev zoo nkauj tiag tiag.
Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Bruno Walter lub repertoire tau khaws cia rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Ntau tus ntawm lawv tsis tsuas yog qhia rau peb lub zog tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm nws daim duab, tab sis kuj tso cai rau cov neeg mloog nkag mus rau hauv nws qhov chaw sim muaj tswv yim. Cov yav tas yog hais txog cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg ntawm Bruno Walter qhov kev xyaum, mloog uas koj tsis yeem rov tsim dua tshiab hauv koj lub siab lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj ntawm tus tswv zoo.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
